Regulatory framework, reforms and legislative changes regarding families in latin america

2007 ◽  
pp. 227-233
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Legislative Changes

scholarly journals Corporate governance in Latin America and Spain: a comparative study of regulatory framework

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-441
Author(s):  
Guadalupe del Carmen Briano Turrent ◽  
Eva Argente Linares ◽  
María Victoría López Pérez ◽  
Lázaro Rodríguez-Ariza
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corporate Governance Codes

Based on institutional theory, this study presents a comparative analysis of the regulatory framework for corporate governance to be found in the most important emerging markets in Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico), which represent most of the stock market capitalization in the region. In addition, we analyzed the situation of Spain, representing the European economy, given this country’s strong investment presence in the Latin American stock market. The aims of the study are: 1) to extend the current literature related to corporate governance in Spain and emerging Latin American economies; 2) to highlight the evolution of the institutional and regulatory framework for corporate governance in these countries; and 3) to compare the diverse regulatory framework, with particular focus on the laws and corporate governance codes in the above mentioned countries. Despite the trend for international convergence of corporate governance systems toward the Anglo-Saxon model, both in legislation and in good governance codes, there are significant differences between countries. The present convergence is promoted by different institutions; systems differ, thus, in their implementation and application of good governance practices. The countries in question have adopted a hybrid model based, on the one hand, on laws and decrees, and on the other, on the voluntary adoption of codes of good governance. The aim of these measures is to enhance investor protection, to define the functions of the Board and of the Audit Committee, and to improve transparency, especially regarding conflicts of interest, related party transactions and corporate risk for listed companies. The evidence presented in this paper suggests that Argentina, Brazil and Chile have strengthened their legislation in the case of minority investor protection and market transparency (Circular No. 3531 in Argentina, Law No. 10303 in Brazil and the Take-over Law in Chile). On the other hand, Mexico and Spain have issued regulations focused on transparency information (the Transparency Law in Spain and the CUE Circular in Mexico). Codes of good governance have been adopted by all countries except Chile, which bases its corporate governance on the OPAs (Take-over bids) Act. The practices addressed in corporate governance codes are focused on the Board, whose main function is to monitor and supervise management performance. These codes contain a set of recommended practices defining the functions, structure, composition and creation of different committees that support the Board, together with aspects related to COB-CEO duality. Spain and Chile are the countries that have adopted most such practices. The audit function is another important corporate governance dimension in the codes, concerning the role, liabilities and composition of the Audit Committee. This body is responsible for ensuring full and transparent disclosure of company transactions. Mexico is the country that pays most attention to the audit function. Practices relating to the general meeting, disclosure, conflicts of interest and Board support committees are established in all governance codes, especially in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico.

The Postreform Stage: Understanding Backlash against Sexual Policies in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Pérez Bentancur ◽  
Cecilia Rocha-Carpiuc
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Marriage Equality ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Democratic Transitions ◽  
Same Sex Marriage ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Latin American Countries

In Latin America, it is difficult to win approval for policies that allow induced abortion and same-sex marriage. Social movements face more obstacles in promoting these policies than in promoting other gender and LGBTQ policies because abortion and same-sex marriage are particularly contentious issues. These policies involve doctrinal or countercultural topics, and supporters of these legislative changes must confront groups that mobilize to block these reform efforts (Blofield 2006; Corrales 2015; Díez 2015; Friedman 2019; Grzymała-Busse 2015; Htun 2003). Yet in the period following democratic transitions, some Latin American countries successfully liberalized their legislation concerning abortion and marriage equality.

Trade in Services in Latin America and the Caribbean: An Overview of Trends, Costs, and Policies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Giordano ◽  
Cloe Ortiz de Mendívil
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Business Services ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean

Trade in services is becoming increasingly relevant. Changing technologies have transformed the landscape, making international trade possible in sectors that were once considered nontradable. But the lack of consistent, reliable data prevents analysts from fully understanding and accurately describing trade in services. Despite this limitation, this report aims to outline Latin America and the Caribbeans competitiveness in global services markets. It concludes that the region still focuses on traditional sectors like travel and transportation, despite some green shoots in nontraditional services, and that costs remain high in comparison with other regions of the world. Furthermore, the regulatory framework in the region is still weak, and although several modern trade agreements are already in place, there is still room for improvement. Sound policies to further develop trade in services and boost competitiveness in nontraditional sectors such as computer or business services would help the region to diversify its export baskets and build trade resilience.

Advancing the Policy Design and Regulatory Framework for Renewable Energies in Latin America and the Caribbean for Grid-scale and Distributed Generation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lopez Soto ◽  
Alexandre Mejdalani ◽  
Adelaida Nogales ◽  
Mauricio Tolmasquim ◽  
Michelle Hallack
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
The Caribbean

Review on the worldwide regulatory framework for biosimilars focusing on the Mexican case as an emerging market in Latin America

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1333-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Ibarra-Cabrera ◽  
Sandra Carolina Mena-Pérez ◽  
Augusto Bondani-Guasti ◽  
Roeb García-Arrazola
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Regulatory Framework

scholarly journals Regulatory framework for attracting foreign investment in Venezuela’s oil and gas sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-413
Author(s):  
Elmira A. Chadaeva
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oil And Gas Sector

The article analyzes the impact of the regulatory framework in the oil and gas sector of Venezuela. There are several factors affecting the volume and price of petroleum products in the world: investments in exploration and production of resources, the volume and depletion of reserves; political and economic crises in oil-producing countries; the creation of new technologies and much more, including state regulation of the oil and gas industry. Sometimes there are circumstances, the consequences of which are not thought. For example, Latin America has changed markedly since it began to use oil as a political tool. But, by the beginning of 2016, prices are falling: production volumes are high, and consumption is declining. There are several reasons: the decline in growth in developing countries; slow recovery of European countries after the European economic crisis; an increase in energy efficiency. To understand these changes in oil activities, it is necessary to examine the national and international legal framework. The regulatory framework in Latin America differs significantly from the American framework (the starting point is the type of subsoil ownership, i.e. in South America, subsoil is owned by the state by colonial heritage, and in the United States by private individuals). Thus, the subject of the study is the legal framework of Venezuela, a country with its own historical features, peculiar views on national security and ideological views on the role of the state. Venezuela will be considered, as the country is one of the major producing countries in Latin America; oil is the main element of the economy; a large number of regulatory models have been tested. The evolution of its activities is an excellent example of different approaches to the management of the oil industry.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

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