scholarly journals Plant density impact on grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids on chernozem soil of the Eastern Hungary

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Pepó ◽  
Eszter Murányi
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Chernozem Soil

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilizer rate for improving inbred maize (Zea mays L.) yield on the semi-arid southern coast of Puerto Rico

2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-202
Author(s):  
Johanie Rivera-Zayas ◽  
David Sotomayor-Ramírez ◽  
Ricardo Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Semi Arid

Nitrogen (N) is possibly the most limiting nutrient for crop production on the southern semi-arid coast of Puerto Rico. In efforts to improve inbred maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield, fertilizer N is sometimes aggressively managed. In this paper, we report on the results of a field experiment that evaluated the effect of six rates of fertilizer N (0, 34, 68,102,135 and 203 kg N/ha) and of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata cv. Iron-clay), planted as a cover crop during the offseason, on inbred maize grain yield. The soil was Jacaguas series (Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, isohyperthermic Fluventic Haplustolls) on the Dow Agrosciences experimental farm in Santa Isabel, Puerto Rico. Cowpea was planted on 13 July 2013 and incorporated into the soil on 20 September 2013. An inbred maize line was planted on 19 December 2013 and harvested on 19 March 2014 at a plant density of 51,645 plants per hectare. Irrigation was provided via drip system, and fertilizer N was applied at three different stages during the growing season: at emergence, 21 and 37 days after planting. Measurements of plant height, chlorophyll readings using SPAD-502® and GreenSeeker®, and leaf N concentration were used as indicators of treatment response and N sufficiency. The maximum grain yield of 2,918 kg/ha was attained with the fertilizer N rate of 68 kg N/ha. The cowpea cover crop rotation did not affect grain yield (P>0.05). Plant height, and measurements by SPAD-502® and GreenSeeker® provided adequate indicators of crop N sufficiency during the vegetative stages V6 to V12, with optimum values of 149 cm, 46, and 0.67 NDVI, respectively, 52 days after planting with an application of 68 kg N/ ha. Crop response to fertilizer N occurred at a lower rate than in previous studies and those occurring under conventional commercial conditions. Other factors related to fertilizer N management, such as sources, placement and timing of application might be as important for grain yield improvement of inbred maize.

scholarly journals Complex appreciation of agrotechnikal factors of sweet corn (Zea Mays L. convar. saccharata Koern.)

2010 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Ádám Lente
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Late Sowing

Three agrotechnical factors (sowing time, fertilization, plant density) and the effect of two different genotypes on the yields of sweet corn was studied, in the dry and warm crop-year of 2009 on a chernozem soil in the County of Hajdúság. The experiments were carried out on the Látókép Research Station of Debrecen University. The experiment involved two sowing times (21 of April and 19 of May), six fertilizer levels (control, N30+PK, N60+PK, N90+PK, N120+PK, N150+PK) and two genotypes (Jumbo, Enterprise). Four plant density levels, 45 thousand ha-1, 55 thousand ha-1, 65 thousand ha-1 and 75 thousand ha-1 were used. In the early sowing time the highest yield was obtained with 65 thousand ha-1 plant density level and N120+PK treatment of Jumbo (18169 kg ha-1), while the maximum yield of Enterprise was 17818 kg ha-1 with 75 thousand ha-1 plant density level and N90+PK dose. In case of the late sowing time both hybrids gave the highest yield with 75 thousand ha-1 plant density level and N30 +PKtreatment, with a crop yield of 13143 kg ha-1 (Jumbo) and 14324 kg ha-1, ( Enterprise). 

scholarly journals Inheritance of Plant and Ear Height in Maize (Zea Mays L.)

2002 ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Zsubori ◽  
Zsuzsanna Gyenes-Hegyi ◽  
Ottó Illés ◽  
István Pók ◽  
Ferenc Rácz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Positive Correlations

Plant and ear height are very important characters not only for describing new varieties of maize (Zea mays L.), but for green and dry matter production, and even for grain yield. Significant positive correlations have been reported by various authors between plant height and stover yield, plant height and dry matter yield, and plant height and grain yield. The height of the main ear is also correlated to plant height. It depends on the variety or the environment, but is likely to be the same height within a population. Many environmental and agronomical factors (e.g. plant density, fertilization, pests and diseases) influence the expression of these characters, which are not quality traits. Their expression is controlled by many genes and by the interactions between these genes. The heritability of these traits is high and they show significant genotypic variability and positive heterosis, as reported in many research publications.

Responses of group and individual leaf photosynthetic characteristics of two summer maize (Zea mays L.) to leaf removal under high plant density

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1449-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.-N. Liu ◽  
L.-M. Gu ◽  
C.-L. Xu ◽  
S.-T. Dong
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Individual Leaf ◽  
High Plant Density

Liu, T.-N., Gu, L.-M., Xu, C.-L. and Dong, S.-T. 2014. Responses of group and individual leaf photosynthetic characteristics of two summer maize (Zea mays L.) to leaf removal under high plant density. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1449–1459. The present experiment was conducted during the growing seasons of 2012 and 2013 using two summer maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars, Zhengdan958 (a compact cultivar) and Jinhai5 (a semi-compact cultivar) grown at a plant density of 105 000 plants ha−1, to evaluate the influence of leaf removal on canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP), individual leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield. Plants were subjected to the removal of two (S1), four (S2) or six leaves (S3) from the top of the plant 3 d after anthesis (DAA), with no leaf removal as control (S0). The results of 2 yr indicated that with increased intensity of leaf removal, the transmission of light to lower strata of the canopy increased. With the removal of two leaves (S1), CAP increased and longer durations of CAP and green leaf are index were maintained during grain filling, whereas CAP in S2 and S3 treatments was inhibited and drastically declined. Generally, leaf removal appeared to stimulate an increase in the net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs) and chlorophyll content of the remaining ear leaves in S2 and S3 treatments prior to 26 DAA. Nevertheless, thereafter, plants in the S1 treatment had an advantage in terms of individual photosynthetic capacity. These results indicate that excising two leaves made plants more tolerant of high plant density due to enhanced photosynthetic capacity in ear leaves as well as a more efficient canopy structure, resulting in a better coordination of groups and individuals, and finally achieved significantly higher grain yield. In addition, relative to Zhengdan958, the effects of leaf removal on Jinhai5 were more apparent.

scholarly journals Changes in plant density dependence of leaf photosynthesis of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids, 1959 to 1988

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Dwyer ◽  
D. W. Stewart ◽  
M. Tollenaar
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Leaf Photosynthesis ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Plant Densities

Understanding of the physiological basis for increased maize (Zea mays L.) yields over the last three decades may contribute to future genetic improvement. Recent maize production systems have tended to increase plant densities to maximize grain yield. The objective of this field study was to determine if there were changes in the response of leaf photosynthetic rates to increasing plant densities in four hybrids grown in Ontario from 1959 to 1989. The four hybrids, numbered from the oldest to most recent hybrid ((1) Pride 5, (2) United 106, (3) Pioneer 3978 and (4) Pioneer 3902) were grown at 20 000, 80 000 and 130 000 plants ha−1. Leaf photosynthetic response to irradiance (PRI) and crop growth rate (CGR) were measured near silking and during late grainfilling, leaf area index (LAI) was measured near silking and total grain yield was measured after maturity. The LAIs of recent hybrids tended to be larger than for old hybrids at comparable plant densities. Leaf photosynthetic rates declined in all hybrids at increasing densities, but the decline occurred at lower LAIs in the older hybrids. As a result, despite the higher LAIs of recent hybrids, they showed an equal or higher PRI at all plant densities. The higher PRI of recent hybrids was correlated with higher CGRs and grain yields. These results suggest that increases in optimum plant density for grain and increases in yield may be attributable, in part, to higher PRI at elevated LAIs in recent hybrids. Key words: Leaf area index, plant density, leaf photosynthesis, Zea mays L.

Row spacing and fertilizer nitrogen effects on plant growth and grain yield of maize

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Ma ◽  
L. M. Dwyer ◽  
C. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
N Fertility

Conflicting reports have led to a renewed interest in the effects of narrow row spacing and high plant population densities on maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate maize response to row spacing and N fertility over a 4-yr period (1997–2000). A randomized complete block design, arranged in a split plot was used with four replications each year with modifications of treatments over years. Row spacings of 0.51 m, 0.76 m and 0.76 m paired row alone or in combination with hybrid were tested in the subplot whereas combination of fertilizer N by population density (1997 and 1998) or N alone was assigned to the main plot. In 1997 and 1998, combinations of N by density consisted of 0 , 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg N ha-1 at 89 000 plants ha-1, and 60 and 180 kg N ha-1 at 69 000 plants ha-1 using a single hybrid, Pioneer 3893. In 1999 and 2000, N fertility levels of 0, 80 and 180 kg N ha-1 >were the main plots and six combinations of hybrids (Pioneer 3893 and Pioneer 38P06 Bt) by row spacing were grown in the subplots at 69 000 plants ha-1. Row spacing and fertility levels showed no significant interaction for any parameter at any developmental stage. In both 1997 and 1998, row spacing had no significant effect on yield (yield differed by 5% among row spacing treatments) or harvest index (varied from 0.45 to 0.53). For Pioneer 38P06 Bt in 1999, grain yield of the 0.51 m row spacing with the 80 kg N ha-1 fertilizer rate was 14.6% higher than the conventional 0.76 m row spacing. In 2000, the substantially lower (11%) yield of the 0.76 m paired row spacing than the other row spacing treatments was more likely the result of an exceptionally cool and wet season. In 1997 and 1998, plant density showed no effect on shoot or root DM. The lower density (69 000 plants ha-1) did, however, show a higher root to shoot ratio than the higher density. Shoot DM, root DM and root to shoot ratio did not differ between the 60 and 180 kg N ha-1 fertility treatments. While higher N levels increased above- and below-ground crop N contents, row spacing showed no consistent effects on maize plants at the early stages. Under the conditions of this study, narrow rows did not result in higher yield or N use efficiency even plant density and N fertility varied. Key words: Maize (Zea mays L.), nitrogen use, population density, root/shoot ratio, row spacing

Relationship of Certain Stalk Characters with Grain Yield in Corn ( Zea mays L.) 1

Crop Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Singh ◽  
M. S. Zuber ◽  
G. F. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Relationship Of
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