scholarly journals Two plant signalling peptides: systemin and ENOD 40.

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Barciszewski ◽  
A B Legocki

Recently several new evidences have appeared on biological role of native short peptides. This is an overview on two of them occurring in plants: systemin and ENOD 40.

Author(s):  
Argyris Arnellos

The emphasis on the collaborative dimension of life overlooks the importance of biological individuals (conceived of as integrated, self-maintaining organizations) in the build-up of more complex collaborative networks in the course of evolution. This chapter proposes a process-based organizational ontology for biology, according to which the essential features of unicellular organismicality are captured by a self-maintaining organization of processes integrated by means of a special type of collaboration (realized through regulatory processes entailing an indispensable interdependence) between its constitutive and its interactive aspects. This ontology is then used to describe different types of collaborations among cells and to suggest the type that yields a multicellular organism. The proposed organizational framework enables us to critically assess hypercollaborative views of life, especially issues related to the distinction between biological individuals and organisms and between life and non-life, without however underestimating the central biological role of collaboration.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Vasso Apostolopoulos ◽  
Joanna Bojarska ◽  
Tsun-Thai Chai ◽  
Sherif Elnagdy ◽  
Krzysztof Kaczmarek ◽  
...  

Peptides are fragments of proteins that carry out biological functions. They act as signaling entities via all domains of life and interfere with protein-protein interactions, which are indispensable in bio-processes. Short peptides include fundamental molecular information for a prelude to the symphony of life. They have aroused considerable interest due to their unique features and great promise in innovative bio-therapies. This work focusing on the current state-of-the-art short peptide-based therapeutical developments is the first global review written by researchers from all continents, as a celebration of 100 years of peptide therapeutics since the commencement of insulin therapy in the 1920s. Peptide “drugs” initially played only the role of hormone analogs to balance disorders. Nowadays, they achieve numerous biomedical tasks, can cross membranes, or reach intracellular targets. The role of peptides in bio-processes can hardly be mimicked by other chemical substances. The article is divided into independent sections, which are related to either the progress in short peptide-based theranostics or the problems posing challenge to bio-medicine. In particular, the SWOT analysis of short peptides, their relevance in therapies of diverse diseases, improvements in (bio)synthesis platforms, advanced nano-supramolecular technologies, aptamers, altered peptide ligands and in silico methodologies to overcome peptide limitations, modern smart bio-functional materials, vaccines, and drug/gene-targeted delivery systems are discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6222
Author(s):  
Kacper Szewczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Chojnacka ◽  
Magdalena Górnicka

Tocopherols and tocotrienols are natural compounds of plant origin, available in the nature. They are supplied in various amounts in a diet, mainly from vegetable oils, some oilseeds, and nuts. The main forms in the diet are α- and γ-tocopherol, due to the highest content in food products. Nevertheless, α-tocopherol is the main form of vitamin E with the highest tissue concentration. The α- forms of both tocopherols and tocotrienols are considered as the most metabolically active. Currently, research results indicate also a greater antioxidant potential of tocotrienols than tocopherols. Moreover, the biological role of vitamin E metabolites have received increasing interest. The aim of this review is to update the knowledge of tocopherol and tocotrienol bioactivity, with a particular focus on their bioavailability, distribution, and metabolism determinants in humans. Almost one hundred years after the start of research on α-tocopherol, its biological properties are still under investigation. For several decades, researchers’ interest in the biological importance of other forms of vitamin E has also been growing. Some of the functions, for instance the antioxidant functions of α- and γ-tocopherols, have been confirmed in humans, while others, such as the relationship with metabolic disorders, are still under investigation. Some studies, which analyzed the biological role and mechanisms of tocopherols and tocotrienols over the past few years described new and even unexpected cellular and molecular properties that will be the subject of future research.


1983 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  

1993 ◽  
Vol 268 (36) ◽  
pp. 26941-26949
Author(s):  
A D'Aniello ◽  
G D'Onofrio ◽  
M Pischetola ◽  
G D'Aniello ◽  
A Vetere ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen N. Hernández-Candia ◽  
Sarah Pearce ◽  
Chandra L. Tucker

AbstractDynamic membraneless compartments formed by protein condensates have multifunctional roles in cellular biology. Tools that inducibly trigger condensate formation have been useful for exploring their cellular function, however, there are few tools that provide inducible control over condensate disruption. To address this need we developed DisCo (Disassembly of Condensates), which relies on the use of chemical dimerizers to inducibly recruit a ligand to the condensate-forming protein, triggering condensate dissociation. We demonstrate use of DisCo to disrupt condensates of FUS, associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and to prevent formation of polyglutamine-containing huntingtin condensates, associated with Huntington’s disease. In addition, we combined DisCo with a tool to induce condensates with light, CRY2olig, achieving bidirectional control of condensate formation and disassembly using orthogonal inputs of light and rapamycin. Our results demonstrate a method to manipulate condensate states that will have broad utility, enabling better understanding of the biological role of condensates in health and disease.


1991 ◽  
Vol 202 (3) ◽  
pp. 923-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo PRONAI ◽  
Kohji ICHIMORI ◽  
Hiroyuki NOZAKI ◽  
Hiroe NAKAZAWA ◽  
Haruka OKINO ◽  
...  

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