Flight and Landing Activity of Rhopalosiphum maidis (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Bean Monocultures and Bean-Corn Mixtures

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Bottenberg ◽  
Michael E. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Height ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Bean Plants

Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) dominated the aerial aphid plankton in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) monocultures and mixed cultures of bean with corn (Zea mays L.) in Illinois. It was also the most common species landing on bean plants in this study during the summer of 1987. More flight activity was recorded in the monocultures than in the mixtures. More R. maidis flew at the top of the bean canopy than at the level of the corn canopy. Densely planted corn rows suppressed flight activity more than did sparsely planted rows. Plots that were planted early had lower aphid catches over the same time than did plots planted 13 and 24 days later. Aphid flight activity was negatively correlated with ground cover, corn barrier height, and corn barrier density. Aphid landing activity was not affected by planting date or corn row density but was negatively and significantly correlated with ground cover. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that ground cover was more important than barrier height and barrier density in suppressing flight and landing activity of R. maidis.

Effects of planting date, irrigation and rain on infection, disease severity and pod discoloration caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-321
Author(s):  
J. C. Tu
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Black Pod ◽  
Black Pod Disease

Black-pod disease of bean, caused by Alternaria alternata, was shown to be more severe on early-seeded than on late-seeded crops. This contradicts an earlier view that early spring planting could reduce this disease. Beans should be planted late, harvested soon after maturity and dried rapidly. Overhead irrigation during the growing season reduced the establishment of epiphytic populations on the leaves and consequently reduced the incidence of infestation. After bean plants matured, epiphytic Alternaria began to grow on the pods when they came in contact with rain or dew. Key words: Bean, Alternaria black pod, planting date, irrigation, rain

Situación económica y social de la población de San José del Carmen, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cadena-Iñiguez ◽  
Eileen Salinas-Cruz ◽  
Jesús Martínez-Sánchez ◽  
Mariano Morales-Guerra ◽  
Romualdo Vásquez-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Las Casas ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Objetivo: Establecer una línea base como fundamento para la intervención e inducción de innovaciones a través de escuelas de campo y planes de negocios. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: El estudio se desarrolló en San José del Carmen, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México. Se elaboró una encuesta como instrumento para recabar en campo información de familias de la localidad con la finalidad de conocer su situación actual. La localidad de trabajo se eligió utilizando como criterio las poblaciones que se encuentran dentro de Cruzada Nacional contra el hambre y en la clasificación de la pobreza extrema Resultados: La localidad de San José del Carmen es considerada como de alta marginación, la población es bilingüe, su principal lengua es el Tzotzil, el nivel de estudios promedio es hasta el tercer año de primaria, las principales actividades productivas son la siembra de maíz (Zea mays L.), frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) y haba (Vicia faba L.) que son utilizadas principalmente para autoconsumo.  No cuentan con agua potable ya que su sistema es a través de la recaudación de agua de lluvia o a través de un jagüey. Sus principales actividades económicas son la albañilería por parte de los hombres, y venta de productos, tales como el pozol (bebida energética a base de maíz y cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), tostadas y algunos vegetales por parte de las mujeres. Las tostadas son producidas en forma artesanal con un proceso de doble nixtamalización y vendida en bolsas de 20 tostadas cada una, a un costo de MX$10.00 en los mercados de San Cristóbal de las Casas, una a dos veces por semana alrededor de 40 bolsas por día de venta. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: La afiliación zapatista de alguno de los pobladores y el hecho de que algunos habitantes no hablen español, fueron factores que limitaron desarrollar al 100% el estudio; sin embargo, se considera que se tienen los elementos necesarios para establecer la línea base de la situación de San José del Carmen. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico servirá como una herramienta para establecer una intervención a través de innovaciones y planes de negocios en la comunidad de estudio. Los pobladores cuentan con herramientas necesarias para obtener nuevos conocimientos que ayuden a un desarrollo de su producción. El idioma no deberá de ser una limitante para ello.

Some metabolic responses of bush bean plants to a subherbicidal concentration of certain s-triazine compounds

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2213-2217 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Singh ◽  
D. K. Salunkhe
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Transaminase Activity ◽  
Starch Phosphorylase ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Bush Bean

A solution containing 0.5 p.p.m. of atrazine, simazine, igran, or GS-14254 with 0.2% triton-B 1956 was applied to the foliage of 11-day-old seedlings of bush beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivar Tender-green, growing on vermiculite in a controlled environment. The activities of nitrate reductase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, α-amylase, starch phosphorylase, and adenosine triphosphatase were determined 5,10, and 20 days after treatment. In general, the activity of each of the five enzymes was stimulated by the treatment. The results suggest that protein increase following the application of.s-triazines to bean plants may stem in part from an enhanced rate of amino acid formation resulting from the induced increment in nitrate reductase and transaminase activity. The application of these chemicals also creates a metabolic condition favorable for greater use of carbohydrates needed for nitrate reduction and protein synthesis, and as a source of organic acid synthesis.

scholarly journals Mobilização do solo, erosão e produtividade de milho e feijão em um regossolo no agreste pernambucano

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademar Barros da Silva ◽  
Mauro Resende ◽  
Antonio Raimundo de Sousa ◽  
Elias Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L

Este estudo foi conduzido no município de Caruaru (PE), no período de 1970 a 1990, em um Regossolo eutrófico com 12% de declividade, para avaliar o efeito de diferentes graus de mobilização sobre as perdas de solo e água e sobre a produtividade de milho (Zea mays L.) e feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), em condições de chuva natural. Os dados foram coletados em quatro talhões de 1.000 m², equipados com coletores de material erosado, compreendendo os seguintes tratamentos: enxada (manual), aração e gradagem, duas arações e gradagem, e gradagem. Comparando as perdas médias anuais de solo e água, verificou-se que a maior intensidade de mobilização provocou as maiores perdas, mas que, de modo geral, foram muito baixas, fato atribuído às quantidades de cascalho e areia grossa existentes no perfil do solo, por reduzirem o impacto das gotas de chuva e aumentarem a permeabilidade do solo. Além do mais, os tratamentos mais mobilizados, por colocarem as camadas mais ricas em nutrientes a profundidades maiores, facilitando a absorção deles, proporcionaram as maiores produtividades médias de milho e feijão, com destaque para o milho. Houve boa correlação da produtividade média do milho com os teores médios de P extraível, nas profundidades de 9 a 14 cm, de 10 a 19 cm e de 14 a 22 cm.

scholarly journals Suitability of Maize-legume intercrops with optimum row ratio in mid hills of eastern Himalaya, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
VK Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Eastern Himalaya ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Planting Geometry ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
Stover Yield

Maize (Zea mays L.) being a widely space crop were tried with different combinations of legumes cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) as intercrops at different planting geometry to find out their suitability during 2009, 2010 and 2011 at eastern Himalayan, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Three experiments were carried out in sequence to identify suitable planting geometry to accommodate intercrops, screening best legume crops and subsequently best performed row ratio of maize and legume crops were intercropped in third experiment with 1:1, 1:2 and 1:5 row proportions. Sole maize gave the maximum grain yield with 4571.1 kg ha-1, whereas, stover yield was highest with maize-cowpea intercrop at 1:2 row ratios (8013.4 kg ha-1) and 57.1 kg ha-1 day-1 production efficiency followed by frenchbean and least with blackgram. Competition indices like land equivalent ratio (LER) was highest with 1:2 row ratio of maize-frenchbean (1.66), land equivalent coefficient (0.67). But, highest area time equivalent ratio (ATER) noticed with 1:2 row ratio of maizeblackgram (1.47). Relative crowding coefficient (K) and competition ratio were noticed higher with 1:2 row ratio of maize-cowpea, whereas, cowpea combinations has better crowding coefficient and blackgram combinations registered better competitiveness. Monetary advantage index (MAI) was 6433.2 with 1:2 row ratio of maize-blackgram followed by maize-cowpea and lowest with maize-frenchbean with the trend of 1:2>1:5>1:1 row ratios. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i2.21916 SAARC J. Agri., 12(2): 52-62 (2014)

scholarly journals Soil Application of Effective Microorganisms (EM) Maintains Leaf Photosynthetic Efficiency, Increases Seed Yield and Quality Traits of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plants Grown on Different Substrates

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Iriti ◽  
Alessio Scarafoni ◽  
Simon Pierce ◽  
Giulia Castorina ◽  
Sara Vitalini
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Bean Plants

EM (effective microorganisms) is a biofertilizer consisting of a mixed culture of potentially beneficial microorganisms. In this study, we investigated the effects of EM treatment on leaf in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence of photosystem II (PSII), yield, and macronutrient content of bean plants grown on different substrates (nutrient rich substrate vs. nutrient poor sandy soil) in controlled environmental conditions (pot experiment in greenhouse). EM-treated plants maintained optimum leaf photosynthetic efficiency two weeks longer than the control plants, and increased yield independent of substrate. The levels of seed nutritionally-relevant molecules (proteins, lipids, and starch) were only slightly modified, apart from the protein content, which increased in plants grown in sandy soil. Although EM can be considered a promising and environmentally friendly technology for sustainable agriculture, more studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism(s) of action of EM, as well as its efficacy under open field conditions.

scholarly journals Efeitos da aplicação de zinco em solos sob vegetação de cerrado

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 461-492
Author(s):  
Carlos R. P. Laun ◽  
Nelly Neder ◽  
Moacyr O. C. Brasil Sobrinho ◽  
Antonio Vello
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Aspergilus Niger

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os efeitos da aplicação de zinco em duas unidades de solos originalmente cobertas com vegetação de cerrado, classificadas como Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo-fase arenosa e Areias Quartzosas, que ocorrem no Município de São Simão no Estado de São Paulo Foram feitas determinações químicas do zinco solúvel em HCl 0,1 N, em amostras de solos antes e depois de terem recebido a calagem. As determinações de zinco foram complementadas com o teste microbiológico do Aspergilus niger Simultaneamente, foram conduzidos ensaios de campo com milho (Zea mays L.) e feijão Phaseolus vulgaris L.) para estudar os efeitos da aplicação de zinco nas duas unidades de solo. Outros experimentos com milho foram desenvolvidos sob condições controladas, em casa de vegetação, para estudos de aplicação de zinco. As conclusões do trabalho foram as seguintes: 1. Os resultados dos ensaios microbiológicos mostraram boa concordância com os testes químicos e com a resposta do milho a aplicação de zinco em condições de campo. 2. A cultura do milho deu boas respostas a aplicação de zinco quando cultido nos solos Areias Quartzosas, correspondendo a uma dose econômica de 2,4 kg/ha de zinco. 3. Não houve efeito do zinco para o milho quando este foi cultivado no Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo-fase arenosa. 4. Não houve efeitos do zinco na produção do feijoeiro nas duas unidades de solos. 5. O ensaio de vasos usando o milho como planta teste não foi eficiente na resposta dos solos as aplicações de zinco.

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