Evaluation of Aerial Applications of Acephate and Other Insecticides for Control of Cone and Seed Insects in Southern Pine Seed Orchards2

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-184
Author(s):  
Carl W. Fatzinger ◽  
Harry O. Yates ◽  
Larry R. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus ◽  
Cone And Seed Insects ◽  
Seed Insects

Acephate was evaluated for control of cone and seed insects in southern pine seed orchards from 1980 to 1985. Insecticides compared with acephate during this study were azinphosmethyl, fenvalerate, malathion, and the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. Insecticides were applied aerially, by hydraulic sprayers, and by airblast sprayers. Experiments were conducted in loblolly pine seed orchards in Florida and North Carolina and in two slash pine seed orchards in Florida. Control of coneworms, Dioryctria spp., slash pine flower thrips, Gnophothrips fuscus (Morgan), and two seed bugs, the leaffooted pine seed bug, Leptoglossus corculus (Say), and the shieldbacked pine seed bug, Tetyra bipunctata (Herrich-Schäffer) was evaluated. Frost damage and a serious infection of southern cone rust, Cronartium strobilinum (Arth.) Hedgc, and Hahn, caused significant flower and conelet losses and may have obscured differences between treatment effects during some years. All of the insecticide treatments were equally effective in controlling coneworms. The percentages of trees infested with pine tortoise scale, Toumeyella parvicornis (Cockerell), and the striped pine scale, T. pini (King), and the numbers of scale insects per branch after five applications of insecticide, differed significantly for acephate and fenvalerate treatments.

scholarly journals Systemic Insecticide Injections for Control of Cone and Seed Insects in Loblolly Pine Seed Orchards—2 Year Results

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Grosman ◽  
William W. Upton ◽  
Frank A. McCook ◽  
Ronald F. Billings
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Systemic Insecticide ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Cone And Seed Insects ◽  
Seed Insects

Abstract Three systemic insecticide treatments, emamectin benzoate alone, imidacloprid alone, and a combination of emamectin benzoate and thiamethoxam, were injected one or two times into loblolly pine,Pinus taeda L., during a 2 yr period in a seed orchard in east Texas. Single injections of treatments containing emamectin benzoate reduced coneworm (Dioryctria spp.) damage by 94–97% during the study period. A second injection after 1 yr did not improve protection. Imidacloprid also significantly reduced coneworm damage in 1999, but not in 2000. Significant reductions in damage from pine seed bugs (Tetyra bipunctata Say andLeptoglossus corculus Herrich-Schaffer) and an increase in the number of full seeds per cone resulted from imidacloprid and thiamethoxam treatments and to a lesser extent from emamectin benzoate. Yearly injections of imidacloprid or thiamethoxam were required to maintain protection against seed bugs. The best overall treatment, two injections of emamectin benzoate plus thiamethoxam, reduced cone and seed losses from insects by 86%. South. J. Appl. For. 26(3):146–152.

A Southwide Test of Bifenthrin (Capture®) for Cone and Seed Insect Control in Seed Orchards

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
W. J. Lowe ◽  
L. R. Barber ◽  
R. S. Cameron ◽  
G. L. DeBarr ◽  
G. R. Hodge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Cone And Seed Insects ◽  
Aerial Sprays

Abstract In 1991, a Southwide study to evaluate the efficacy of bifenthrin (Capture®) for cone and seed insect control was established in six loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and three slash pine (P. elliottii Engelm.) seed orchards. A control (no treatment), Capture® (bifenthrin), and Guthion® (azinphosmethyl) treatments were established in each seed orchard. Five aerial sprays were used to apply the insecticides during the growing season. At each spray Guthion® was applied at 3 lb ai/ac. Capture® was applied at 0.2 lb ai/ac for the first spray and 0.1 lb ai/ac for the other four sprays. Under the conditions of this study, Capture® was as effective in controlling cone and seed insects as the standard operational Guthion® treatment. Insecticide treatment resulted in a 42% and 17% increase in the number of sound seeds produced per conelet for loblolly and slash pine, respectively. Local need registration (24C) exists in several states, and seed orchard managers can currently use Capture® in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina and Tennessee. Seed orchard managers in other southern states need to determine if a 24C label is available in their state prior to useage. South. J. Appl. For. 18(1):72-75.

Keys for Distinguishing Thrips (Thysanoptera) Commonly Found on Slash Pine in Florida

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Edward P. Merkel ◽  
Carl W. Fatzinger ◽  
Wayne N. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Flower Thrips

The slash pine flower thrips (SPFT), Gnophothrips fuscus (Morgan) commonly damages cone crops of slash pines, Pinus elliottii Engelmann var. elliottii. It occurs in the crowns of seed orchard trees in association with three other species of thrips — Leptothrips pini (Watson), Frankliniella bispinosa (Morgan), and Oxythrips pallidiventris Hood. Pest management strategies are being developed for southern pine seed orchards that rely on the rapid and accurate identification of different species of pests. Two laboratory keys are presented to distinguish the four species of thrips in the laboratory.

Fifth-Year Performance of Progenies of Selected South African Slash and Loblolly Pine Clones

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
John F. Kraus ◽  
Earl R. Sluder
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
The South ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Control-pollinated polymix progenies of 9 slash pine (P. elliottii Engelm.) and 10 loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) pine from some of the best clones in a South African tree improvement program were tested in Georgia. Overall, the progenies of the South African selections in both species have done well after five years in the field. One of the slash pine and three of the loblolly pine families were better than open-pollinated progeny from established seed orchards.

Loblolly Pine Seed Sources Differ in Susceptibility to the Southern Pine Beetle in South Carolina

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Powers ◽  
R. P. Belanger ◽  
W. D. Pepper ◽  
F. L. Hastings
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Stand Characteristics

Abstract In a planting near Aiken, SC, loblolly pine saplings from an eastern seed source were significantly more susceptible to the southern pine beetle (SPB) than were loblolly saplings from western seed sources. Two eastern sources of slash pine also resisted beetle attack. Study plots wereoriginally established to evaluate disease resistance and growth of fusiform rust resistant and susceptible seed lots. There was no relationship between stand characteristics or rust infection patterns and SPB damage. South. J. Appl. For. 16(4):169-174

When Is Controlling Cone and Seed Insects in Douglas-fir Seed Orchards Justified?

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 304-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Crop Size ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Cone And Seed Insects ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Seed Insects

Data from operational applications of dimethoate at two Douglas-fir seed orchards in British Columbia were used as base-lines for a benefit: cost analysis of protection of seed from cone and seed insects. Applications were economically justifiable provided that cone crop size and increased seed yield are above critical threshold values for given seed values and application costs. Sampling techniques for estimating crop size and insect infestation levels and expected damage are requisites for efficient orchard management where crop size and infestation levels fluctuate.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Southern Pine Seedlings to Clopyralid

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. South
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Pine Species

Abstract Tolerance of three pine species to postemergence applications of clopyralid was examined at ten southern nurseries over a 2 yr period. The herbicide was applied at various times during May, June, and July. At time of lifting, seedling morphology was evaluated (root-collar diameter, shoot height, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight). Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), slash pine (P. elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and longleaf pine (P. palustdds Mill.) were tolerant to 210 to 840 g acid equivalent (ae)/ha. However, epinasty was occasionally observed on both loblolly pine and slash pine. The injury symptoms were ephemeral and seedlings appeared normal 3 months after treatment. Results from these tests suggest some pine species are tolerant to this herbicide at the seedling stage. As a result of this research, this herbicide can be legally used in many southern pine nurseries to control troublesome weeds such as sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.), Florida beggerweed (Desmodium tortuosum [Sw.] DC.), horseweed (Erigeron canadensis L.) and other annual broadleaf weeds. South. J. Appl. For. 24(1):51-56.

Insecticides for Seed Orchards—A Case Study in Applied Research

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
J. P. van Buijtenen
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Cooperative Effort ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Federal Organizations ◽  
Cone And Seed Insects ◽  
Seed Insects

Abstract In 1973 the control of cone and seed insects was the most serious problem facing the seed orchard manager, but no pesticides were registered for that particular use. The Southern Seed Orchard Pest Committee was formed to address itself to this problem. Through a cooperative effort of industry, universities, state, and federal organizations, some of the major problems were solved and registration of two insecticides obtained in slightly less than three years.

Southern Pine Beetle: Factors Associated with Spot Occurrence and Spread in Young Plantations

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scott Cameron ◽  
Ronald F. Billings
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

Abstract An inventory of 167,316 ac of 5- to 15-year-old plantations of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) or loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) or both in east Texas revealed that infestations (spots) of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., occurred in plantations of all ages greater than 5 years. Infestation frequency ranged from 0.1 spots/1000 ac for 6-year-old plantations to 6 to 8 spots/1000 ac for 12- to 15-year-old plantations in 1985. Analyses of subsets of plantation inventories revealed that spots were more frequent in loblolly pine plantations than in slash pine plantations, and more frequent in plantations that had been prescribed-burned. An intensive study of 34 individual spots showed that spot initiation was often associated with stand disturbance but not with intraplantation variations in stand parameters. In turn, regression analyses revealed that the initial number of active trees (spot size) was directly correlated with pine basal area/ac. Rate of summer spot growth in uncontrolled infestations was most strongly correlated with number of active (brood) trees and weakly correlated with tree height and pine basal area/ac. Spots tended to grow faster in loblolly plantations than in those with slash pine. Mean spot growth rates were markedly less within young plantations than rates documented in earlier studies for natural pulpwood and sawtimber stands. A field guide for setting control priorities for beetle infestations in young plantations is provided. South. J. Appl. For. 12(3):208-214.

Pheromone Traps Detect Webbing Coneworms in Loblolly Pine Seed Orchards

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. DeBarr ◽  
L. R. Barber ◽  
C. W. Berisford ◽  
J. C. Weatherby
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Synthetic Sex Pheromone

Abstract In 1981 traps baited with synthetic sex pheromone caught webbing coneworm (Dioryctria disclusa Heinrich), moths in 47 of 63 southern pine seed orchards. Male moths were caught in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia, but not in Florida, Oklahoma, and Texas. The potential for attacks in 1982 appears to be moderate to high in about half of the orchards and is particularly high in North Carolina. This is the first demonstration of the value of pheromone-baited traps as part of an integrated pest management (IPM) approach to coneworm control in southern pine seed orchards. These inexpensive traps provide a highly specific detection technique that can easily be used by trained seed orchard personnel, thus providing early warning to trigger preventative action.

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