Regularities in the distribution of myocardial bridges over the branches of the coronary arteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
E. G. Dmitrieva ◽  
A. A. Yakimov
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Macroscopic Anatomy ◽  
Myocardial Bridges ◽  
The Right

The article highlights peculiarities of localization of myocardial bridges. It is believed that the coronary arteries and their branches are located in the subepicardial tissue. However, some researchers describe cases of intramural localization of their sections. Myocardial bridges – a set of fibers of the ventricular myocardium located over a certain area of the subepicardial branch of the coronary artery - represent variants of such localization.The aim of the study was to establish the patterns of macroscopic anatomy and topography of myocardial bridges investigating anatomical sections of the human heart in the adult and elderly people. Material and methods. The study involved 65 formalin-fixed sample preparations of the human heart of the adult and elderly people who died of conditions that were not associated with heart diseases. The authors measured transverse and longitudinal dimensions of the ventricular complex of the heart, and calculated the transverse-longitudinal index. Subepicardial vessels were prepared without prior injection. The number of myocardial bridges over the main branches of the coronary arteries was counted and their length was measured. The type of blood supply to the heart was determined according to a three-member classification, depending on the source of discharge of the posterior interventricular branch. Results. Myocardial bridges were observed on 44 (67.6%) sample preparations. As a rule, they were located over the branches of the left coronary artery (91.5%). They were typically located in the proximal half of the anterior interventricular sulcus. The length of the bridges ranged from 2.5 to 64 mm (Me = 13 mm). A direct positive correlation was found between the length of the ventricular complex of the heart and the length of the bridges. The relationship between the type of blood supply to the heart and the presence of bridges was not revealed. In 26 preparations, a cone artery departed from the right coronary sinus of the aorta, in addition to the right coronary artery, and bridges were observed in 17 sample preparations. Conclusion. Myocardial bridges are more typical for the branches of the left coronary artery compared to the right. They are typically localized in the proximal third of the anterior interventricular sulcus. There is a dependence between the length of the bridges and the length of the ventricular complex of the heart. The distribution and number of myocardial bridges does not depend on the type of blood supply to the heart, but is associated with the independent discharge of the cone artery from the aorta.

Anatomical Variations of Coronary Ostia, Aortocoronary Angles and Angles of Division of the Left Coronary Artery of the Human Heart

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 914-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Pejković ◽  
I Krajnc ◽  
F Anderhuber
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Initial Part ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
The Right

Classic anatomical dissection of 150 heart specimens from adults aged 18 − 80 years was performed. Anatomical variations were studied in: (i) the position of the ostium of the left coronary artery; (ii) the angle between the proximal segment of the left coronary artery and the longitudinal axis of the aorta and between the circumflex and the anterior descending branches; (iii) the angle between the anterior descending artery and the diagonal branches, and between the diagonal and circumflex branches in trifurcation of the left coronary artery; (iv) the position of the ostium of the right coronary artery in the right coronary sinus of Valsalva; (v) the angle between the initial part of the right coronary artery and the logitudinal axis of the aorta; and (vi) the position of the initial part of the left coronary artery relative to the coronary groove. Knowledge of and the ability to recognize and identify the variety of sites of origin of coronary arteries, aortocoronary angles and angles of division of the left coronary artery of the human heart may help to overcome potential difficulties in cardiosurgical procedures, such as aortic valve replacement and reinsertion of coronary arteries.

MORPHOMETRIC ANATOMY AND INTRAORGAN TOPOGRAPHY OF THE CORONARY ORIFICES IN HEART OF ADULT HUMAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Андрей Аркадьевич Якимов ◽  
Евгения Германовна Дмитриева
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Aortic Valves ◽  
Sinotubular Junction ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
The Right

Цель - выявить варианты строения и внутриорганной топографии устьев венечных артерий у взрослого человека при разных типах кровоснабжения желудочкового комплекса сердца. Материал и методы. На вскрытых через некоронарные синусы аорты 65 препаратах клапанов аорты взрослых людей изучили положение устьев венечных артерий, штангенциркулем измеряли минимальный и максимальный диаметры каждого устья, определяли их форму по соотношению диаметров. Результаты. Для устьев обеих артерий типичной была округлая, реже овальная форма. В большинстве случаев левая венечная артерия начиналась в центральной трети, правая - в центральной или задней трети «своего» синуса на уровне верхнего края полулунной заслонки или между ним и синотубулярным соединением. Локализация устьев в пределах синусов, на уровне синотубулярного соединения или выше него была редкой для обеих артерий. В 20 % случаев в правом синусе аорты спереди от устья правой венечной артерии имелось устье конусной артерии. Выводы. Типичные и редкие варианты формы правого и левого устьев, варианты их положения по вертикальной оси аорты одинаковы, варианты их положения по горизонтали различны. Зависимость вариантов формы и положения устьев от типа кровоснабжения желудочков сердца не выявлена. Objective - to reveal common and rare variants of the anatomy and intraorganic topography of the coronary orifices in normal hearts of adult human with regard to patterns of cardiac ventricular blood supply. Material and methods. On 65 specimens of aortic valves opened through non-coronary sinus, the minimal and maximal diameters of each orifice were measured with a caliper, the shape of the orifices was determined according to the ratio of the diameters, and the position of the orifices was studied. Results. The orifices of both right and left coronary arteries were mostly found to be round, less frequently oval. In most cases, the left coronary artery arose from the central third and the right artery arose from the central or posterior third of corresponding sinus at the level of the upper edge of the semilunar cusp or between the edge and the sinotubular junction. The localization of the arterial orifice within the sinuses at the level of sinotubular junction or above it was uncommon for the both arteries. In 20 % of cases, the conal artery arose with its own orifice in front of the mouth of the right coronary artery. Conclusions. Typical and rare shapes of the coronary orifices, variants of their position regarding to vertical axis of the aorta are the same, whereas variants of their position in horizontal axis are different. There is no relationship between variants of form of the orifices, position of the orifices and types of blood supply of heart ventricles.

scholarly journals Myocardial bridges and coronary distribution in dairy cattle from Brazil Northeast

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Vinícius Lima Brito ◽  
◽  
Kethelyn Freitas de Lima ◽  
Anielly Mirelly de Assunção Ramalho ◽  
Jadson Vieira de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Myocardial Bridges ◽  
Path Lengths

This study evaluated the distribution and possible variations of the coronary arteries and the presence of myocardial bridges in dairy cattle from Northeastern Brazil. Thus, healthy hearts were analyzed according to many variables. Left coronary artery originate the rami paraconalis, circumflexus et subsinuosus. Ramus subsinuosus and right coronary artery showed a short subepicardial path. Lengths of the main branches showed statistical differences only in relation to age group and weight of the animal. Myocardial bridges had a prevalence of 55% and were more frequent over the ramus paraconalis. Veterinary medicine is able to provide experimental models to expand the necessary study to understand pathophysiology and clinical relevance of the bridges.

scholarly journals Normal values of coronary arteries branching height in women

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
U.Ye. Pidvalna ◽  
D.M. Beshley ◽  
M.Z. Mirchuk ◽  
L.R. Mateshuk-Vatseba
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Lower Edge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Morphometric analysis of the structures of the aortic bulb and coronary arteries is necessary for the planning of cardiac surgery and endovascular interventions. The aim of the study was to determine the height of the coronary arteries branching in healthy women of Lviv city and Lviv region and to determine the relationship between the height of the location of the orifice of the coronary artery with anthropometric indicators. Fifteen computed tomography images with contrast of female thorax without heart and ascending aortic lesions (normal) were selected for the study. The height of the upper and lower edges of the coronary arteries was measured; height of Valsalva sinuses. The comparison of the mean values was performed according to the Student’s t-test. The correlation between the observed variables (age, height, body weight, body mass index, body surface area, height of the sinuses of Valsalva) was calculated using the Pearson linear correlation method (r). According to the study, the population group consisted of persons of the second period of adulthood (46.67 %) and the elderly (53.33 %). According to the body mass index, 80 % were overweight or obese I-II degree. The mean height of the coronary artery orifice in women without structural changes of the heart and ascending aorta was: 11.19±1.96 mm for the left and 11.68±1.80 mm for the right. The height of the orifice of the right and left coronary arteries were almost the same, without statistical significance (p=0.26). Analysis of the correlation between the values of the height of the orifice of the coronary artery did not show a probable dependence on height, weight, age, body mass index and body surface area. There is a direct relationship between the parameters of the height of the lower edge of the right coronary artery and the height of the upper edge of the right coronary artery (r=+0.75, p=0.001) and between the value of the lower edge of the left coronary artery and the upper edge of the left coronary artery (r=+0.63, p=0.01). Thus, the analysis of the correlation between the values of the height of the orifice of the coronary artery in women in norm and anthropometric indicators did not show a significant relationship. There was no statistical significance between the indicators of the height of the orifice of the right and left coronary arteries in women.

A CADAVERIC STUDY ON CORONARY ARTERY VARIATIONS AND ITS CLINICAL `SIGNIFICANCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Sony Jhansi Priya ◽  
Sangeetha A ◽  
M. Sai Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
Aortic Sinus ◽  
Clinical Procedures ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
The Right

Coronary artery variations are one of the commonest variations observed during clinical procedures. Normally, there are two main coronary arteries, the right coronary artery (RCA), left coronary artery (LCA).Left coronary artery gives two important branches left circumex artery (LCX) and left anterior descending (LAD) arteries. Knowledge about the coronary vessels and its variations are essential to clinicians to prevent untoward injury of vessels during any procedures. To study the morphology and variations of coronar Aim: y arteries by dissection. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cadaveric study which was conducted on 50 hearts obtained from adult human cadavers. Coronary arteries were dissected to see the origin, course and variations. The data was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and expressed in percentage. The Right Results: coronary artery branched out from the right aortic sinus and had an average diameter of 3.5mm. The left coronary artery arouse from left aortic sinus and had an average diameter of 4mm. LMCA divided into two branches in 60 percent, three branches in 30 percent and four branches in 06 percent of the hearts and direct branches from left aortic sinuus in 4 percent hearts.Based on the origin of Posterior descending or interventricular artery, Right dominance was observed in 68 percent, left dominance in 26 percent, and equal dominance in 06 percent of the hearts. Conclusion: Knowledge about the variations of coronary vessels is a prerequisite for clinicians to perform interventions of coronary vessels.

Location of Early Atheroma in the Human Coronary Arteries

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Fox ◽  
W. A. Seed
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Lesions ◽  
Circumferential Distribution ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
The Right

We have correlated the location of early atheroma with vessel geometry in the major coronary arteries of subjects dying of noncardiovascular causes under 40 yr of age. We analyzed only those vessels affected minimally by very early (fatty) disease. In each of the three major branches, disease was concentrated close to the entrance and diminished with distance downstream. Circumferential distribution of disease was also not random. In the right coronary artery, lesions were concentrated on the inner wall of the major curvature. Immediately downstream of the entrances of both branches of the left coronary artery, the flow-dividing walls were spared. Further downstream in the left anterior, descending branch plaques followed a spiral distribution. We believe these patterns may be determined by local mechanical factors.

scholarly journals Variants of the anatomical structure of the coronary arteries and the left atrium remodeling in patients with different forms of atrial fibrillation

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 809-813
Author(s):  
Nikita L. Sharikov ◽  
S. M. Chibisov ◽  
O. N. Ragozin ◽  
S. Sh. Gasimova
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Sinoatrial Node ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
The Right

One of the reasons leading to dilatation of the left atrium is atrial fibrillation. A retrospective analysis of 136 case histories of patients with various forms of “non-valvular” atrial fibrillation was performed, depending on the shape of atrial fibrillation, the patients were divided into 3 groups. In patients with atrial fibrillation in 62.5%, the source of the atrial branches was the envelope branch of the left coronary artery. Atrial branches originating from the right coronary artery system were identified in 35.8%. In men, atrial arteries occur significantly more often. The results differ from publications, according to which the blood supply of the atria and sinoatrial node from 60 to 75% is carried out by branches departing from the basin of the right coronary artery. The degree of dilatation of the left atrium does not depend on the source of blood supply, but a correlation between the size of the left atrium and the diameter of the branches of the artery of the sinatrial node in the group of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is traced.

scholarly journals Angioarchitecture of the coronary arteries in Mazama gouazoubira (G. Fischer, 1814)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-303
Author(s):  
Milena Sorban Zaniboni ◽  
Wilson Viotto-Souza ◽  
Drielly Gomes Assis Samora ◽  
Fernanda Coelho Simas Bernardes ◽  
André Luiz Quagliatto Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
South American ◽  
Myocardial Bridges ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mazama Gouazoubira ◽  
The Right ◽  
South American Continent ◽  
Coronary Dominance

Mazama gouazoubira is a widely distributed deer in the South American continent. However, studies on its anatomical characteristics are still scarce. The objective of this study was to elucidate the coronary circulation of M. gouazoubira. With this aim, after collecting cadavers on highways, twenty-four hearts injected with latex and preserved in formaldehyde at 10% were dissected. The dissections revealed that all specimens presented left coronary dominance, characterized by the origin of the subsinuous interventricular branch from the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. The number of ventricular branches originated from branches of the left coronary artery was approximately five times higher than that of the right coronary artery. The occurrence of myocardial bridges was registered in 91.7% of the individuals, with bridges predominating over the paraconal interventricular branch. The mean length of the paraconal interventricular sulcus was significantly higher in males (p = 0.02). The number of atrial branches and ventricular branches, length of myocardial bridges and length of subsinuous interventricular sulcus did not vary significantly between sex. Left coronary dominance and high frequency of myocardial bridges in M. gouazoubira are preponderant anatomical traits also present in different species of Ruminantia suborder. Coronary dominance studies in other South American deer species may confirm the correlation of this trait with the evolutionary history of these animals.

The coronary arteries and cardiac veins

2019 ◽  
pp. 175-186
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Cardiac Veins ◽  
Coronary Ostia ◽  
The Right

This chapter describes the anatomy of the coronary arteries and cardiac veins. It covers the coronary ostia and left coronary artery, the right coronary artery, the cardiac venous system, and the coronary sinus and its tributaries.

scholarly journals Morphometric analysis of the coronary arteries: a study of the external diameters

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Silva ◽  
A. Nagato ◽  
R. Reis ◽  
C. Nardeli ◽  
F. Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Masses

Abstract Introduction: Approximately a third of worldwide deaths are caused by ischemic or coronary heart disease, suggesting that greater attention is needed to study the coronary diameter and myocardial vasculature. Material and Methods: In this study, 39 human adult hearts were dissected. The masses of the hearts were measured according to the principle of Scherle and the external diameters of the right coronary artery, the left coronary artery, and the ascending part of the Aorta were measured in millimeters (mm), using a Mitutoyo digital caliper. In the statistical analysis, normal distribution of the variables was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, external diameters were compared using the unpaired Student's t-test, and Pearson's correlation was applied to investigate the correlation of the diameters of the left coronary artery and right coronary artery with the Aorta. Significance was set at P <0.05, and the data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism v.5.00 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA). Results: The external diameters were as follows: left coronary artery, 5.55±0.16 mm; right coronary artery, 4.38±0.15 mm (P <0.0001); and Aorta, 22.85±0.80 mm. Thus, it was demonstrated that the external diameter of the left coronary artery is 22% larger than that of the right coronary artery, resulting in a greater blood supply via the left coronary artery and a greater passage of atherosclerotic factors. Conclusions: Despite the importance of the coronary arteries for the heart and the body as a whole, few studies correlated morphometric data and possible clinical implications related to coronary artery disease.

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