scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of CK19, HBME-1 and TROP2 Biomarkers in Identification of Different Types of Thyroid Follicular Neoplasms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohreh Vojuhi ◽  
Masoud Mohebbi ◽  
Zohreh Mousavi ◽  
Mohammadali Yaghoubi ◽  
Reza Ziaolhagh
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Thyroid Neoplasms ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Different Types

Thyroid malignancies are found in 7% to 15% of all thyroid nodules. Immunohistochemical markers, including CK19, HBME-1and TROP2, have shown an effective role in identifying these malignancies. Hence, due to the lack of appropriate diagnostic tests for the identification of thyroid neoplasms, in this study, we aimed to determine the diagnostic value of these biomarkers in the identification of different types of follicular thyroid neoplasms. In this cross-sectional study, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from the surgical resection of patients with thyroid nodules, referring to Imam Reza and Razavi Hospitals of Mashhad in 2017, were studied. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of these biomarkers for the identification of different types of follicular thyroid neoplasms were also studied. 129 patients with a mean age of 44.65±12.59 years participated in this study, of whom 101 (78.29%) were women. The most common type of follicular thyroid neoplasm was papillary carcinoma (60.47%). The highest sensitivity (94.87%) and positive predictive value (68.51%) in the detection of follicular neoplasms was observed by CK19 in papillary carcinoma. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of TROP2 in the detection of papillary neoplasms was 93.58% and 75.25%, respectively. In addition, HBME-1 had the highest specificity (72.54 %) and positive predictive value (81.57%) in identifying this neoplasm. The results of this study showed that CK19, HBME-1, and TROP2 had high diagnostic value in the detection of papillary thyroid neoplasms. Although these biomarkers had low diagnostic value in identifying follicular adenoma and carcinoma, given the high negative predictive value, they can be considered as powerful markers in identifying negative cases.

scholarly journals Evaluating Specivity, Sensitivity, Positive and Negative Predictive Values of CA125 for Diagnosing Ovarian Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-203
Author(s):  
Elahe Fini ◽  
◽  
Neda Nasirian ◽  
Bahram Hosein Beigy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values

Background and Aim: Ovarian cancer is among the most common cancers in women worldwide. CA125 is the most frequent biomarker used in the screening for ovarian cancer. CA125 has no high sensitivity and specificity as a screening test in the medical community; however, because of being simple and noninvasive, it is almost always requested for evaluation and ruling out cancer. It plays an important role in the treatment and post-treatment process, the prediction of prognosis, and the relapse of the disease. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between a high level of CA125 tumor marker and ovarian cancer by detecting spesivity, sensivity, positive and negative predictive values. Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, all cases undergoing CA125 test in Velayat Hospital in 2017-1028 were evaluated for having ovarian cancer. In addition, the CA125 level was compared between healthy individuals and patients with ovarian cancer. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS. Ethical Considerations: The present study was approved by the Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (Ethics Code: IR.QUMS.REC.1396.316). Results: In this study, 35.3% of the study participants received a definite diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Generally, CA125 values were negative in 41.8% and positive in.58.2% of the study subjects. The sensitivity of the test was measured as 80.1%, the specivity as 53.6%, the positive predictive value equaled 48.4%, and the negative predictive value was measured as 83%. There was a significant relationship between age and the presence of ovarian cancer, and serum CA125 levels. Conclusion: The present study suggested that age and the serum level of CA125 were statistically significant. Finally, CA125 levels were significantly related to ovarian cancer. It provided moderate specivity and specivity as well as low positive predictive value and high negative predictive value as a tumor marker; it is valuable for ruling out of tumor but not appropriate as a screening test.

Administrative Data Fail to Accurately Identify Cases of Healthcare-Associated Infection

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen R. Sherman ◽  
Kateri H. Heydon ◽  
Keith H. St. John ◽  
Eva Teszner ◽  
Susan L. Rettig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Very High

Objective.Some policy makers have embraced public reporting of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) as a strategy for improving patient safety and reducing healthcare costs. We compared the accuracy of 2 methods of identifying cases of HAI: review of administrative data and targeted active surveillance.Design, Setting, and Participants.A cross-sectional prospective study was performed during a 9-month period in 2004 at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, a 418-bed academic pediatric hospital. “True HAI” cases were defined as those that met the definitions of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System and that were detected by a trained infection control professional on review of the medical record. We examined the sensitivity and the positive and negative predictive values of identifying HAI cases by review of administrative data and by targeted active surveillance.Results.We found similar sensitivities for identification of HAI cases by review of administrative data (61%) and by targeted active surveillance (76%). However, the positive predictive value of identifying HAI cases by review of administrative data was poor (20%), whereas that of targeted active surveillance was 100%.Conclusions.The positive predictive value of identifying HAI cases by targeted active surveillance is very high. Additional investigation is needed to define the optimal detection method for institutions that provide HAI data for comparative analysis.

scholarly journals Volume of sputum to detect acid-fast bacilli as a measure of quality for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis at the Dr George Mukhari Hospital, South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqbal Rashid ◽  
Langalibalele H. Mabuza ◽  
Indiran Govender ◽  
Deidre Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
P Value ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli

Background: Optimum sputum results for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) microscopy are linked to a sputum quantity of at least 5.0 mL. This study was aimed at establishing the effect of sputum quantity in the pick-up rate of AFB microscopy by comparing sputum samples of 5.0 mL and 2.0 mL.Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out at the Dr George Mukhari Hospital (DGMH) in Pretoria, South Africa, from 05 January 2007 to 04 January 2008.Two sputum samples, 5.0 mL and 2.0 mL, were collected from each of the 330 adult PTB (pulmonary tuberculosis) suspects. Fluorescence microscopy was used in the sputum analysis. The yield through microscopy of the 2.0 mL specimen versus the 5.0 mL specimen was compared and analysed, using culture results as the gold standard.Results: From a sample of 330 specimens, 77 tested AFB positive on microscopy. In the 5.0 mL samples, the sensitivity was 76.6% (95% CI, 66.0% – 84.7%), specificity 99.6% (95% CI 97.8% – 99.9%), positive predictive value (PV+) 98.3% (95% CI 91.1% – 99.7%), negative predictive value (PV-) 93.3% (95% CI 89.7% – 95.7%), the likelihood ratio (LR) for a positive microscopy 192 and the LR for a negative test was 0.23. In the 2.0 mL specimens, the sensitivity was 75.3% (95% CI 64.6% – 83.6%), specificity 99.2% (95% CI 97.1% – 99.8%), positive predictive value (PV+) 96.7% (95% CI 88.6% – 99.1%), negative predictive value (PV-) 93.0% (95% CI 89.3% – 95.4%), the LR for a positive microscopy was 94 and 0.25 for a negative microscopy. There was a statistically significant association (p-value < 0.001) between the microscopy and culture tests in both the 5.0 mL and the 2.0 mL specimen categories. The strength of association between the microscopy and culture, as indicated by the kappa test was 0.83 and 0.81 in the 5.0 mL and 2.0 mL categories, respectively.Conclusion: Compared to the 2.0 mL specimen category, the yield for AFB microscopy in the 5.0 mL specimen category was consistently superior, as indicated by the higher sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and the likelihood ratios in the 5.0 mL specimen category. It is recommended that sputum specimen collection for AFB microscopy should aim for a minimum volume of 5.0 mL.

scholarly journals TP8.1.12 Diagnostic Utility of MRI in the Evaluation of Potential Malignancy in Patients Presented with Nipple Discharge

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nixon Phua Cher Yang ◽  
Muhammad Adeel Javed Butt ◽  
Parmvir Singh Nijjar ◽  
Saung Phyu ◽  
Musa Barkeji
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Nipple Discharge ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Additional Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Aims Nipple discharge is a presentation commonly seen at breast clinics. It is conventionally evaluated with physical examination and sonography( or mammography). The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an additional imaging tool in the evaluation of potential malignancy in patients presented with nipple discharge. Methods A retrospective evaluation of 85 patients with nipple discharge who underwent breast ultrasound (USS) and MRI between 04/06/2008 and 25/10/2019 was conducted. Clinical notes, radiographic reports and biopsy results were reviewed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of USS and MRI were calculated. Results Out of the 85 patients (all female; mean age 45.33 +/- 12.93 years old) with nipple discharge, 11 were found to have biopsy-proven malignancy (invasive ductal carcinoma/ ductal carcinoma in situ; 12.94% risk). USS failed to identify seven malignancies (27.27% sensitivity) while MRI missed three malignancies (72.72% sensitivity). USS falsely identified four malignancies from 74 patients with no malignancy (94.59% specificity) while MRI only falsely identified one case (98.65% specificity). For patients with negative USS results (U1/U2/U3) or negative MRI results (BI-RADS category 1,2 or 3), the negative predictive values of USS is 89.74% while that of MRI is 96.05%. The positive predictive values of USS and MRI are 42.86% and 88.88% respectively. Conclusion Compared to USS, MRI has a higher sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and predictive value. It will be a valuable addition to the standard nipple discharge evaluation workup to help rule out malignancy.

Comparative Analysis of Diagnostic Value for Shear Wave Elastography and Real-Time Elastographic Imaging for Thyroid Nodules

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-338
Author(s):  
Qing Yang ◽  
Wenhong Zhou ◽  
Jiyu Li ◽  
Guojun Wu ◽  
Feng Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: To compare the diagnostic value of shear wave elastography (SWE) and real-time elastography (RTE) in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods: A total of 34 patients who ever received thyroidectomy in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were identified. Meanwhile, all the patients received SWE and RTE before surgery, and all the diagnoses were confirmed by pathological examinations. With respect to SWE technique, the Subject Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves were drawn, in order to obtain the optimal threshold and then make differential diagnoses of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. In terms of RTE, the Rago 5 scoring method was utilized to make differential diagnoses of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Besides, the pathological examinations after surgery could be considered as the golden standard. At last, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of SWE and RTE were calculated, respectively. Results: A total of 51 thyroid nodules were identified, and 41 nodules were benign, 10 nodules were malignant. On the basis of ROC curves, with respect to SWE, the best threshold for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules is 38.3 kPa. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of SWE were 72.7% (8/11), 85% (34/40), 82.4% (42/51), 68.4% (13/19), and 87.5% (35/40), respectively. And the diagnostic indicators of RTE were 81.8% (9/11), 87.5% (35/40), 84.3% (43/51), 73.7% (14/19), and 90.0% (36/40). The sensitivity of quasi-static elastography in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules with diameter ≤1 cm was 87.5% (7/8), and the sensitivity of SWE was 50.0% (5/10). In addition, the accuracy of SWE in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules with diameter ≥3 cm was 100% (6/6), and the accuracy of RTE for this kind of thyroid nodules was 66.7% (4/6). Conclusion: Both SWE and RTE technology have good application value in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. But, SWE is preferable when making diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules with diameter ≥3 cm, and RTE was superior in detecting benign and malignant thyroid nodules with diameter ≤1 cm.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of the13C Methacetin Breath Test in Various Stages of Chronic Liver Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamizah Razlan ◽  
Nurhayaty Muhamad Marzuki ◽  
Mei-Ling Sharon Tai ◽  
Azhar-Shah Shamsul ◽  
Tze-Zen Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Breath Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Cross Sectional

The accuracy of the13C-methacetin breath test (13C-MBT) in differentiating between various stages of liver disease is not clear. A cross-sectional study of Asian patients was conducted to examine the predictive value of the13C-MBT in various stages of chronic liver diseases. Diagnostic accuracy of the breath test was determined by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the curve analysis. Seventy-seven patients (47 men/30 women, mean age50±16years) were recruited. Forty-seven patients had liver cirrhosis (Child Pugh A = 11, Child Pugh B = 15, and Child Pugh C = 21), 21 had fibrosis, and 9 had chronic inflammation. The sensitivity and positive predictive value for liver fibrosis, cirrhosis (all stages), Child-Pugh A, Child-Pugh B, and Child-Pugh C were 65% and 56%, 89% and 89%, 67% and 42%, 40% and 40%, and 50% and 77%, respectively. Area under curve values for fibrosis was 0.62 (0.39–0.86), whilst that for cirrhosis (all stages) was 0.95 (0.91–0.99). The13C-methacetin breath test has a poor predictive value for liver fibrosis but accurately determines advanced cirrhosis.

scholarly journals NILAI DIAGNOSTIK MALARIA ANTIGEN CASSETTE PENYAKIT MALARIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Binawati . ◽  
Prihatini . ◽  
M.Y Probohoesodo
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Malaria Antigen ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Death Cases

Malaria is an endemic disease in many countries. In 103 endemic countries with around 2.5 billion population, 1−3 million death cases were reported every year. Clinical criteria and blood smear established the diagnosis of malaria. ICT (imuno chromatographytest) is needed in peripheral areas where there are no experienced laboratory technicians. The procedure is simple, practical, easy, aswell as quicker than the conventional method, and no experienced technicians are needed this ICT advantages. The aim of this study isto know the diagnostic value of Malaria Antigen Cassette with microscopic examination as the gold standard examination of malaria.This research used observational cross-sectional method This study was done in Nusa Tenggara Barat during May−June 2008. Bloodsamples were taken by finger prick in patients with Malaria symptoms: fever, chill and sweating, followed by examining the blood smearby Malaria Antigen Cassette from Focus Diagnostic. The diagnostic value was then evaluated by calculating the sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive value as well as the negative predictive value. The diagnostic value of Malaria Antigen Cassette in patients withmalaria falciparum was found as follows: sensitivity 95.2%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, and negative predictivevalue 97.6%. The diagnostic value of Malaria Antigen Cassette in patients other types than malaria falciparum was as follows: sensitivity94.8%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, and negative predictive value 95.3%. The diagnostic value of Malaria AntigenCassette was very high in diagnosing malaria falciparum compared to other types than malaria falciparum.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Arcus Corneae For Age Estimation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Boonsak Hanterdsith
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Although the arcus corneae (AC) has long been used as an age indicator for forensic purposes, its diagnostic value has not been evaluated. To evaluate the AC as a predictor of chronological age, the author has studied the correlation of AC with respect to age of the deceased. A cross-sectional study was conducted of 342 Thai corpses at the Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital, Thailand. AC was graded into three levels: no AC, incomplete ring, and complete ring. One-way analysis of variance, chi-square test, binomial logistic regression, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios were used for analysis. The Cohen’s kappa was used to determine the intraobserver and interobserver reliability. The prevalence of AC and the probability of complete AC were significant higher in corpses aged 60 years and above than in those under 60 years. Consequently, this study confirmed that the prevalence of AC was significantly correlated with the age of Thai individuals. If the complete AC is used as an indicator of age of 60 years and above, complete AC has high sensitivity (92.56%) but low specificity (72.85%), low positive predictive value (65.12%), but high negative predictive value (94.71%). For diagnostic value, the presence of AC can be used for age screening but not for absolute confirmation. The absence of AC indicates young age, incomplete AC indicates middle age, and complete AC indicates old age. The high intraobserver and interobserver reliability provides assurance of the value of AC as a means to estimate personal age.

scholarly journals Diagnostic value of self-report compared with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in screening of depression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran zarghami ◽  
Fatemeh Taghizadeh ◽  
Mahmood mousazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Total Population ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a common cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. To detect depression, we compared Beck Depression Inventory scoring as a valid tool with participants self-reporting depression.MethodologyThis cross-sectional study aimed to explore the diagnostic values of self-reporting in patients’ with depression comparing to Beck Depression Inventory scoring in Mazandaran Persian cohort study, with a total of 1300 samples. The sample size was determined to include 155 participants through the census method. In order to increase the test power, 310 healthy participants were included in the study through random selection. In order to evaluate the diagnostic value of self-reporting, BDI-II was completed by blind interviewing to the case group as well as to another group who reported that they were not depressed, as control.ResultsSensitivity, specificity, accuracy, false positive, false negative, positive and negative predictive values of self-reporting was calculated 58.4%, 79.1%,73.4%, 20.8%, 41.6%, 51.8%, and 83.2% for the total population respectively, as well as, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values of self-report in males were 83.3%, 77.2%, 77.1%, 43.8% and 95.6% and 53.7%, 78.1%, 71.2%, 49.2%, and 81.1% for females, respectively.ConclusionThe positive predictive value and sensitivity of self-reporting are insufficient in total population and females, and therefore self-reporting cannot detect depressed patients, but regarding to its average positive predictive value, perhaps, it can be used to identify non-depressant individuals.

scholarly journals Identification of the Most Appropriate Site for the Cold Test in Molar Teeth

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Brenda E. Castillo-Silva MSc, PhD ◽  
Nuria Patiño-Marín MSc, PhD ◽  
Gabriel Alejandro Martínez-Castañón MSc, PhD ◽  
Carlo E. Medina-Solís DDS, MS ◽  
Norma Verónica Zavala Alonso MSc, PhD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Mandibular Second Molar

A test frequently used to complement endodontic diagnoses is the cold test; however, in the last 20 years, authors have reported incorrect results within pulp sensitivity tests. Specifically, a high frequency of false results in posterior teeth, were found. The aim of this study was to identify the most appropriate site for the cold test in molar teeth with a need for endodontic treatment, calculating predictive values, accuracy and reproducibility. A cross-sectional study was performed, evaluating 390 subjects. A total of 152 subjects of both genders from the ages of 15-65 years old participated. The ideal standard was established by direct pulp inspection, and the cold test agent used was 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. The patients were divided into four groups in relation to the molar tooth: (1) mandibular first molar, (2) mandibular second molar, (3) maxillary first molar, and (4) maxillary second molar. 169 teeth and 676 sites were studied. (a) The most appropriate sites for cold test were the middle third of the buccal surface and cervical third of the buccal surface in the mandibular molars with the following results: Middle third of the first molar: Accuracy 0.93, positive predictive value 0.90 and negative predictive value 0.96. Middle third of the second molar: Accuracy 0.93, positive predictive value 1.00 and negative predictive value 0.90. In relation to third cervical the results were: First molar: Accuracy 0.93, positive predictive value 0.89 and negative predictive value 0.97 y second molar: Accuracy 0.93, positive predictive value 1.00 and negative predictive value 0.90. (b) The highest reproducibility was observed in the middle third of the buccal surface with cervical third of the buccal surface in the mandibular second molar (1.00). The most appropriate site and reproducibility of the sites are auxiliary to complement endodontic diagnose with the cold test.

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