scholarly journals Exposure to Respirable Dust and Crystalline Silica in a Cement Plant

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasan Gharavandi ◽  
Morteza Nasori ◽  
Mahdieh Ghobadi ◽  
Mostafa Besharatipur ◽  
Mehdi Jabari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size Calculation ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Threshold Limit Value ◽  
Crystalline Silica ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Respirable Dust ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Limit Value

Background: People working in industrial environments may be exposed to respirable dust. Crystalline silica dust is known as a respiratory risk. The cement industry is among the most important manufacturing industries whose workers are exposed to dust. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate workers' exposure to respirable dust and crystalline silica in a cement plant. Methods: According to a sample size calculation formula, 50 dust samples were collected from workers’ respiratory zones in different parts of the plant. Respirable dust concentrations exposed were calculated using NIOSH-0600 method. Concentrations of crystalline silica in dust samples were determined according to NIOSH-7601 method and using visible absorption spectrophotometry. Results: The highest time weighted average of respirable dust concentration (6.12 mg/m3) was obtained in crusher unit. The minimum and maximum concentrations of respirable dust were 1.6 mg/m3 and 12.1 mg/m3, respectively. The highest concentration of crystalline silica (0.044 mg/m3) was obtained in raw material grinding unit. The minimum and maximum concentrations of crystalline silica were obtained in cement grinding unit and packaging and loading unit (0.001 mg/m3 and 0.16 mg/m3), respectively. Conclusion: The concentrations of respirable crystalline silica and dust in most units are higher than the threshold limit value which has the potential to harm workers in these units.

Tropospheric Ozone: The Dynamics of Human Exposure

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J., Lioy ◽  
Raymond V., Dyba
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Threshold Limit Value ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Time Weighted Average ◽  
Ambient Air Quality Standard

The conditions in the ambient atmosphere conducive to ozone exposure are examined, and placed into a context of the time arid locations where individuals would be expected to be affected by high ozone. This is done for both 1 h and 8 h averaging times. Concentrations of ozone in the ambient atmosphere can violate the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) and also the Time Weighted Average-Threshold Limit Value (TWA-TLV) for workers. Exposures that occurred in a 1982 episode associated with a health effects study are described in detail. The effective dose received by a camper at a children's summer camp appeared to be similar to that delivered to volunteers during a controlled human exposure study in which effects on pulmonary function were observed.

scholarly journals Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Indium Dust for Indium-Tin-Oxide Manufacturing Workers

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Boo Wook Kim ◽  
Wonseok Cha ◽  
Sungwon Choi ◽  
Jungah Shin ◽  
Byung-Soon Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Threshold Limit Value ◽  
Respirable Dust ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
Indium Concentration ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
First Case

According to recent research, indium nanoparticles (NPs) are more toxic than micro-sized particles. While cases of indium lung disease have been reported worldwide, very little research has been conducted on the occupational exposure to indium NPs. Recently, an indium-related lung disease was reported in Korea, a global powerhouse for display manufacturing. In this study, we conducted an assessment ofoccupational exposure at an indium tin oxide (ITO) powder manufacturing plant, where the first case of indium lung disease in Korea occurred. Airborne dustwas obtained from a worker’s breathing zone, and area sampling in the workplace environment was conducted using real-time monitoring devices. Personal samples were analyzed for the indium concentrations in total dust, respirable dust fraction, and NPs using personal NPs respiratory deposition samplers. The total indium concentration of the personal samples was lower than the threshold limit value recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH TLV), which was set as occupational exposure limit (OEL). However, the respirable indium concentration exceeded the recently set ACGIH TLV for the respirable fraction of indium dust. The concentration of indium NPs ranged between 0.003 and 0.010 × 10−2 mg/m3, accounting for only 0.4% of the total and 2.7% of the respirable indium particles. This was attributed to the aggregating of NPs at the µm sub-level. Given the extremely low fraction of indium NPs in the total and respirable dust, the current OEL values, set as the total and respirable indium concentrations, do not holistically represent the occupational exposure to indium NPs or prevent health hazards. Therefore, it is necessary to set separate OEL values for indium NPs. This study covers only the process of handling ITO powder. Therefore, follow-up studies need to be conducted on other ITO sputtering target polishing and milling processes, which typically generate more airborne NPs, to further investigate the effects of indium on workers and facilitate the necessary implementation of indium-reducing technologies.

scholarly journals Study of toxic elements in propolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012122
Author(s):  
E A Vakhonina ◽  
E P Lapynina ◽  
A S Lizunova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Threshold Limit Value ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Krasnodar Krai ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Threshold Limit

Abstract There is a threat of heavy metals and toxic elements entering the beekeeping products in relation to the deterioration of the ecological situation. In this regard, a study of one of the most popular beekeeping products, propolis, from the territory of two regions of Russia (Ryazan Oblast and Krasnodar Krai) for the level of Pb, Cd, Sr and the toxic element As was undertaken. The studies were made from 2004 to 2019. The amount of elements was determined spectrophotometrically with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer Spectr AA 220FS. Lead, cadmium and strontium levels were determined using an air-acetylene flame on a gas atomizer. The level of arsenic was determined on a graphite oven of a spectrophotometer using a palladium modifier made by “Mersk”. The lead level in propolis was from 0 to 0.19 mg/kg that exceeds the threshold limit value by a factor of 1.2-12.3. The concentration of cadmium, strontium, arsenic in the studied propolis samples does not exceed the threshold limit value: 0-0.164 mg/kg, 2.1-21.01 mg/kg, 0-1.04 μm/kg, respectively. The accumulated experimental data indicate the need to adjust the threshold limit value (SanPiN 2.3.2. 1078-01) of lead level in propolis. The dynamics of propolis pollution with toxic elements was evaluated in the course of the research. The results of this evaluation confirmed the possibility of using propolis as a bioindicator of environmental pollution with heavy metals and toxic elements. It is necessary to monitor the propolis safety to determine its level of contamination with heavy metals and toxic elements, when using it as a source of biologically active compounds and as a raw material for Pharmacy (making extracts, tablets, ointments, syrups, suppositories, plasters).

Use of Methanol as a Coolant During Machining of Aluminum in a Shipbuilding Environment: A Failure to Assess and Manage Risk

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 1061-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Neil McManus ◽  
Assed N. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Threshold Limit Value ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Diffusion Tubes ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Time Weighted Average

Minimization of harm during the conduct of work is one of the most important tenets of industrial hygiene. Organizations make changes to solve perceived problems. What appears to be expedient for solving a problem can create serious risks totally unrecognized by the proponent. This investigation reports on such a situation involving the use of methanol as a lubricant during machining of aluminium panels using a router. Spot samples for methanol were measured using colorimetric detector tubes and samples of long duration by colorimetric diffusion tubes utilizing similar chemistry. Both were positioned in the breathing zone. Most of the spot samples exceeded the 8-hour TLV-TWA (Threshold Limit Value-Time-Weighted Average) of 200 ppm and the TLV-STEL (Short-Term Exposure Limit) of 250 ppm. The two long duration samples also exceeded the TLV-TWA. A change in the operation prevented collection of additional long duration samples. By these measures, workers were overexposed to methanol during this activity. An additional serious consequence from use of methanol in this manner was risk of fire. This situation illustrates the complexity of decisions affecting workplace operations. What appears to be expedient for solving a problem may be totally inappropriate.

scholarly journals Medición de concentraciones de formaldehído en un laboratorio de anatomía humana, comparándolas con estándares internacionales

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Hurtado ◽  
Andrea Vallecampo ◽  
Karen De Liévano ◽  
Beatriz De Artiga ◽  
Guadalupe Vásquez
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Threshold Limit Value ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Threshold Limit ◽  
Time Weighted Average

Introducción. El Laboratorio de Anatomía Humana dispone de cadáveres que han sido sometidos al proceso de fijación y conservación de tejidos mediante la aplicación de formaldehído (al 10%), sustancia tóxica y cancerígena para el ser humano, según lo estipulado por la International Agency for Research on Cancer (iarc), a la que están expuestos estudiantes, profesores y técnicos. La presente investigación tuvo como propósito medir las concentraciones de formaldehído en el ambiente dentro de las instalaciones de un laboratorio de Anatomía Humana y compararlas con estándares laborales internacionales. Metodología. El diseño del estudio fue transversal con enfoque descriptivo. La muestra del estudio fue de 640 mediciones realizadas con el aparato digital hal-hfx105 HalTech y aplicando la norma técnica de prevención ntp 587, validada para la determinación de gases y vapores orgánicos en el aire dentro del laboratorio. Resultado. La concentración de formaldehído promedio estimada en general dentro de las instalaciones del Laboratorio de Anatomía fue de 0.24 ppm. ConclusIón. El promedio de concentración de formaldehído encontrado en el presente estudio es inferior al límite de exposición profesional estimado por la American Conference of Industrial Hygienists (acgih), cuyo valor tlv-twa (Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted Average) para un día laboral de 8 horas y una semana de 40 horas, y como límite máximo a las concentraciones que cualquier trabajador puede ser expuesto día tras día sin efectos adversos, es de 0.3 ppm.CREA CIENCIA Vol. 11 No 1-2 ISSN 1818-202X enero-diciembre 2017, p. 7-13

scholarly journals Community Health Risk Assessment of Total Suspended Particulates near a Cement Plant in Maros Regency, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annisa Utami Rauf ◽  
Anwar Mallongi ◽  
Anwar Daud ◽  
Muhammad Hatta ◽  
Wesam Al-Madhoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Suspended Particulates ◽  
Total Suspended Particulates ◽  
Maximum Value

Background. Cement plants generate particulate matter (PM) across processes from raw material preparation to packaging. The presence of total suspended particulates (TSP) coming out of the stack causes a high accumulation of dust in residential areas. Human exposure to TSP could affect human health and wellbeing. Objectives. The present study aims to evaluate concentrations of TSP and to estimate the health risks of TSP exposure through the inhalation pathway in communities surrounding a private cement industry in Maros regency, Indonesia. Methods. Total suspended particulates were collected using a high-volume air sampler (HVAS) at five locations. Samples were taken by grab sampling for 24 hours. The SCREEN3 program was used to view the maximum range and distribution of pollutants based on the geographical, stack profiles and meteorological factors in the study area. Hazard quotient (HQ) was used to estimate non-carcinogenic risks of TSP in surrounding communities. Results. Total suspended particulate concentrations were measured with a maximum value of 133.24 μg/m3 and a minimum value of 18.48 μg/m3. This maximum value exceeds the minimum acceptable level from Canadian National Ambient Air Quality Objectives (C-NAAQOs). The non-carcinogenic risks from the inhalation pathway were low except for location 3 (HQ>1) across all locations. Conclusions. The cement plant may significantly contribute to total TSP concentrations in air and may potentially have adverse effects on human health. Communities near the cement plant are vulnerable to TSP exposure and measures are needed to reduce TSP in Maros regency, Indonesia. Participant Consent. Obtained Ethics Approval. This study was approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of Hasanuddin University with protocol number 28920093022. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals Multiorgan accelerated silicosis misdiagnosed as sarcoidosis in two workers exposed to quartz conglomerate dust

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Guarnieri ◽  
Rosana Bizzotto ◽  
Ottorino Gottardo ◽  
Emanuela Velo ◽  
Mauro Cassaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Limit Value ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Crystalline Silica ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Hepatic Granulomas ◽  
Respirable Silica ◽  
Artificial Stone ◽  
High Level

IntroductionClusters of silicosis cases have been reported in the fabrication of quartz conglomerate, a new high-silica-content artificial stone for kitchen and bathroom benchtops (countertops).AimWe describe two cases of accelerated-type silicosis with hepatic granulomas arising in workers exposed to artificial quartz conglomerates.MethodsA confident diagnosis of multiorgan silicosis was based on high level of respirable silica in the workplace, typical radiological alterations in chest high-resolution CT, histological findings in the lung and liver, and detection of silica crystals in both tissues by phase-contrast polarising light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.ResultsThe development of the disease <10 years after the first exposure is consistent with an accelerated-type of silicosis. Compared with other studies related to quartz conglomerate exposure, we determined that the levels of airborne crystalline silica during activity in the finishing area were between 0.260 and 0.744 mg/m3, that is, much higher than the threshold limit value according to American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (0.025 mg/m3). Moreover, liver granulomas were associated with accumulation of crystalline silica particles in the hepatic tissue.ConclusionsQuartz conglomerate fabrication is a potentially dangerous occupation. General practitioners and physicians should have awareness of this newly described occupational hazard. Accurate occupational history is critical in avoiding misdiagnosis, as silicosis caused by inhalation of dust from artificial quartz conglomerates may exhibit atypical presentation. These features seem to be related to the extremely high level of silica exposure and, possibly, to an increased toxicity of the dust generated in this process.

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