scholarly journals A Study on the Relationship Between Tumor Size, Tumor Grade and Lymph Node Involvement in Canine Mammary Cancer: Simulation of Tumor Behavior in Human Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Rismanchi ◽  
Pejman Mortazavi ◽  
Samad Muhammadnejad
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Mammary Cancer ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Lymph Node Status ◽  
Comparative Oncology ◽  
Canine Mammary Cancer ◽  
Node Involvement

Background: In the last two decades, canine mammary cancer has played an essential role in human breast cancer research. There are various similarities between biological and clinical features of canine breast cancer and female breast cancer in many cases. Clinical studies and evaluation of prognostic factors in canine mammary cancer can increase reliability in generalizing results to human cancers. This study was performed in the direction of comparative oncology. Methods: We collected clinicopathological data of an invasive type of canine mammary carcinoma from clinical records and pathology reports. Age, tumor laterality, tumor size, lymph node status, and tumor grade were recorded, and the relationships between the parameters were evaluated using linear regression analysis. Results: Ninety-seven patients were included in the study, and the mean age was 10.06 ± 2.73 years. The left mammary gland was involved in 51% of cases, and pT2 was the most common tumor size. Lymph nodes were involved in 27% of patients, and 43% of tumors were grade I. Statistical analysis showed no relationship between tumor size and laterality with other clinicopathological features. However, there was a statistically significant relationship between tumor size and tumor grade, and lymph node status. As the tumor size increased, tumor grade and the risk of lymph node involvement raised. Conclusion: Similar results of this study to breast cancer in women show that canine mammary carcinoma is a suitable model in comparative oncology research. Dogs live shorter than humans so that researchers can get the results of treatment and perform survival rate assessments faster in clinical trials. By considering ethical principles, dogs with breast cancer may replace phases I and II of human clinical trials in some cancer types soon.

scholarly journals Comparison of ER, PR, Ki67 and HER-2/neu Reactivity Pattern with Patients’ Age, Histologic Grade, Tumor Size and Lymph Node Status in Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Ahadi ◽  
Motahareh Heibatollahi ◽  
Sara Zahedifard
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Lymph Node Status ◽  
Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer ◽  
Ductal Breast Cancer ◽  
Node Involvement ◽  
Her 2

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent neoplasm diagnosed in Iranian women. Objectives: The current study was performed to measure the hormone receptor status and its possible connection with the patient’s age, tumor size, histological grade, and lymph node status and involvement in patients with invasive ductal breast cancer (IDBC) Methods: A total of 103 women with IDBC recently diagnosed at the Department of Pathology of Shohada-E-Tajrish Hospital were entered into this study. The mean age of the patients was 48.4 years, and 59.2% of cases were 50 years old or less. Results: Most lesions (78.6%) were more than 2 cm at their greatest dimension. Grade-II lesions were observed in a large number of patients and 59.8% of cases had lymph node involvement. Positive ER, PR, and HER-2/neu were detected in 59%, 57%, and 29% of patients, respectively. A significant correlation was found between patients’ age and histologic score, tumor dimension and both histologic score and nuclear grade, and, finally, between lymph node involvement and nuclear grade. Conclusions: According to previous studies, the evaluation of hormone receptor status in patients with breast cancer is strongly recommended. Here, by studying its possible connection with the patient’s age, tumor size, histological grade, and lymph node metastasis, we detected some biomarkers, which could be used as prognostic indices in these patients. These biomarkers could help us in the clinical management of patients with IDBC by providing the best therapeutic options.

Nomogram to predict sentinel lymph node involvement in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (27_suppl) ◽  
pp. 150-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa R. Allen ◽  
Pranjali V. Gadgil ◽  
Roland Bassett ◽  
Kelly Hunt ◽  
Elizabeth Ann Mittendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Node Negative ◽  
Node Involvement

150 Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been shown to be an accurate predictor of axillary lymph node involvement in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). A predictive model of SLN positivity in clinically node negative patients who completed NAC can assist in preoperative multidisciplinary treatment decision making, such as planning for postmastectomy radiation therapy and breast reconstruction. Methods: We reviewed our prospective database to identifyclinically node negative patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent NAC and SLNB from 1998-2011. Clincopathologic factors including age, tumor location, histology, nuclear grade, tumor size, decrease in tumor size with therapy, multifocality, nodal appearance on preoperative ultrasound, hormone receptor status, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were analyzed. A nomogram to predict SLN metastasis was developed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 836 patients were treated with NAC followed by SLNB. Of these, 160 patients (19.1%) had a positive SLN. All factors were significant predictors of SLN positivity on univariate analysis except tumor location and nodal appearance on preoperative ultrasound. Multivariate analysis showed that young age, invasive lobular histology, tumor size, multifocality, and LVI were independent positive predictors of SLN positivity whereas high grade, response to chemotherapy, and triple negative hormone receptor status were negative predictors. Favorable histologies were strongly associated with a lower rate of SLN positivity but were excluded from the nomogram due to small numbers of patients (N=14). Discrimination of the nomogram to correctly predict SLN positivity was measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The unadjusted AUC was 75.9, while the internally validated 2000 bootstrap sample-adjusted AUC was 74.2. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is known to decrease the incidence of positive nodes in breast cancer patients. Use of our nomogram preoperatively can assist in decisions regarding multidisciplinary treatment planning.

Determinants of adjuvant chemotherapy use in small luminal-like breast cancer.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12010-e12010
Author(s):  
Marta Bonotto ◽  
Lorenzo Gerratana ◽  
Alessandro Bettini ◽  
Marika Cinausero ◽  
Debora Basile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Lymph Node Status ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Luminal B

e12010 Background: The use of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) in small luminal-like breast cancer (BC) is still heavily debated. International guidelines identify endocrine therapy as the backbone of adjuvant treatment for these patients (pts), while the addition of CT should be limited to high risk cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between patient- or disease-related factors with the prescription of adjuvant CT. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed data from 559 consecutive pts with pT1 ( < 2 cm) luminal-like BC treated between 2004 and 2015 at the Department of Oncology of Udine (Italy). No restrictions were applied regarding lymph node status. The cut-off point of 1% was used to define ER and/or PgR positivity. Factors influencing the prescription of CT were investigated through uni- and multivariate logistic regression with odds ratio (OR) calculation. Prognosis was explored through Cox regression. Results: About thirty percent (173/559) of pts received adjuvant CT. By multivariate analysis, lymph node involvement was highly associated with CT prescription (OR 16.94, 95% CI 7.86-36.50, P < 0.001 for pN1; OR 3.92, 95% CI 1.45-10.58, P = 0.007 for pNmi). Tumor size drove towards the use of CT among pts with pT1c tumors (OR 12.87, 95% CI 1.49-110.88, P = 0.020) but not in pts with pT1b BC (OR 2.38, 95% CI 0.26-21.38, P = 0.437). In addition, a higher CT use was observed in pts with luminal B-like disease (OR 3.79, 95% CI 2.16-6.65, P < 0.001) or in presence of a Ki67 > 14% (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.07, P < 0.001). On the contrary, pts with age > 60 years had a very low chance of receiving adjuvant CT (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.04-0.20, P < 0.001). Notably, the use of CT was not associated with Disease Free Survival or Overall Survival (HR 1.3, 95% CI 0.77-2.17, P = 0.320; HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.56-2, P = 0.866; respectively). Conclusions: Nodal status, tumor size, disease sub-type, Ki67 expression and age are determinants of adjuvant CT prescription in pts with small luminal-like BC. Prospective studies are needed to identify which pts could safely avoid CT without influencing prognosis.

scholarly journals Associated Lichen Sclerosis Increases the Risk of Lymph Node Metastases of Vulvar Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Yohann Dabi ◽  
Marie Gosset ◽  
Sylvie Bastuji-Garin ◽  
Rana Mitri-Frangieh ◽  
Sofiane Bendifallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Vulvar Cancer ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Lymph Node Status ◽  
Local Extension ◽  
Lichen Sclerosis ◽  
Node Involvement ◽  
The Impact

The most important prognostic factor in vulvar cancer is inguinal lymph node status at the time of diagnosis, even in locally advanced vulvar tumors. The aim of our study was to identify the risk factors of lymph node involvement in these women, especially the impact of lichen sclerosis (LS). We conducted a retrospective population-based cross-sectional study in two French referral gynecologic oncology institutions. We included all women diagnosed with a primary invasive vulvar cancer. Epithelial alteration adjacent to the invasive carcinoma was found in 96.8% (n = 395). The most frequently associated was LS in 27.7% (n = 113). In univariate analysis, LS (p = 0.009); usual type VIN (p = 0.04); tumor size >2 cm and/or local extension to vagina, urethra or anus (p < 0.01), positive margins (p < 0.01), thickness (p < 0.01) and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) (p < 0.01) were significantly associated with lymph node involvement. In multivariate analysis, only LS (OR 2.3, 95% CI [1.2–4.3]) and LVSI (OR 5.6, 95% CI [1.7–18.6]) remained significantly associated with positive lymph node. LS was significantly associated with older patients (p = 0.005), anterior localization (p = 0.017) and local extension (tumor size > 2 cm: p = 0.001). LS surrounding vulvar cancer is an independent factor of lymph node involvement, with local extension and LVSI.

Is there a need for sentinel lymph node biopsy in microinvasive breast cancer?

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1105-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimmi S. Kapoor ◽  
Jamie Shamonki ◽  
Jeong Lim Yoon ◽  
Cathie T. Chung ◽  
Armando E. Giuliano
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Lymph Node Status ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Node Involvement ◽  
Microinvasive Breast Cancer ◽  
The Impact

1105 Background: There is limited data on the long-term outcome of patients with microinvasive breast cancer. Moreover, predictors of lymph node involvement and the impact of multifocal microinvasion are not well understood. We examined the occurrence of nodal metastasis and the significance of multifocality on disease recurrence. Methods: Patients with T1mic breast cancer, defined as tumors ≤1mm, surgically managed at our institute between 1995-2010 were identified. Specimen slides were independently reviewed. Multivariable analysis (MVA) was used to predict lymph node involvement and disease recurrence. Results: Fifty-two patients with T1mic breast cancers were identified. Median patient age was 53 (range 30-92), median size of in-situ disease was 3cm (range 0.1-12cm). Ten patients (19.2%) had multiple foci of microinvasion (range 2-7). The majority of tumors were high-grade (76.9%). When the invasive tumor component was evaluated, 31 of 41 (73.8%) were ER positive, 40.5% were HER2+(15/37), and only one was ER-/PR-/HER2-. Twenty-nine patients (55.8%) had breast conserving surgery and 23 had mastectomies. Lymph nodes were assessed in 48 patients; there was 1 macrometastasis (2.1%), 4 micrometastases (8.3%) and 4 (8.3%) with isolated tumor cells. Seven of 9 patients with lymph node involvement underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. Univariable analysis showed that ER(-) invasive disease and high-grade DCIS tumors were more likely to have involved lymph nodes. On MVA, only negative ER status was a significant predictor of lymph node metastasis (p<0.02). At median follow-up of 83 months (range 6-172 months), 3 patients (6.3%) had disease recurrence (1 local, 1 distant, 1 local and distant) at 8, 17, and 130 months from presentation. All patients with recurrence had negative lymph nodes and only one focus of microinvasion. No factors predicted disease recurrence. Conclusions: Microinvasive breast cancer clearly has the ability to metastasize and recur, but in this series only 2% of patients presented with nodal macrometastasis. The evaluation of lymph nodes in T1mic cancer is unnecessary in the majority of patients. In our cohort, neither lymph node status nor multifocal microinvasion predicts recurrence.

Male breast carcinoma in United States: Survival rate and determinants of prognosis.

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (27_suppl) ◽  
pp. 32-32
Author(s):  
S. Talluri ◽  
R. Kakarala ◽  
T. Karedan ◽  
M. Kakarala
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Male Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Female Breast Cancer ◽  
Male Breast ◽  
Female Breast ◽  
Node Involvement

32 Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) is rare and accounts for less than 1% of all cancers in men. It causes significant morbidity and mortality due to late diagnosis. The primary objective of our study is to update information about the receptor status, pathology, survival rates, and prognostic factors for MBC. Our secondary objective is to determine racial differences in survival of MBC and compare tumor characteristics with female breast cancer (FBC) patients. Methods: We analyzed a retrospective cohort of breast cancer patients included in National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) from 1990 to 2007. Differences between patient and disease characteristics at the time of diagnosis among MBC and FBC patients were compared using chi-square test. Overall survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine the independent variables that affect survival. Results: We included 2,475 men and 393,259 women with breast cancer in our analysis. Median age at diagnosis was higher in men compared to women (67 vs 61years). Men had more frequent lymph node involvement (32% vs. 22%), ER positivity (66% vs. 57%) and PR positivity (57% vs. 49%) breast cancer than women (P<0.001). Overall median survival in MBC was 9 years, 5-year survival was 63% and 10-year survival was 43%. Increased age, larger tumor size, higher grade, lymph node involvement, ER and PR negative status were significantly associated with decreased survival in univariate analysis (P <0.05). In multivariate analysis, age > 65 years at the time of diagnosis, larger tumor size, positive lymph node status, ER negative status and poorly differentiated grade were associated with decreased survival (P <0.02). However PR status was not a significant predictor of survival. The median survival in African American males was lower as compared to Caucasians (7.08 vs. 9.2 yrs.) (P=0.02). Conclusions: Male breast cancer differs from female breast cancer in important biological characteristics with a higher age at diagnosis and frequent lymph node involvement. Age greater than 65 years, tumor size, grade, lymph node involvement and ER status of the tumor are independent predictors of survival in MBC.

Clinical and pathological comparison of patients with breast cancer under age 35 with those over age 70.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e11045-e11045
Author(s):  
Pinar Dal ◽  
Samed Rahatli ◽  
Nadire Kucukoztas ◽  
Selim Yalcin ◽  
Omer Dizdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Metastatic Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Node Involvement ◽  
Young Breast Cancer

e11045 Background: Despite intensive treatment given to young breast cancer women, prognosis is stil poor in this group of population. However, older patients seem to have better prognosis. Methods: We performed the retrospective study for 50 women ≤35 yo compared with 50 women ≥70 yo, diagnosed and treated from 1991-2009 at Baskent University Hospitals. Results: Older women were more likely to have lower tumor grades and higher HR positivity, ≤35 years old women were more likely to have Her2 positivity, larger tumor size and metastatic lymph node involvement. Median follow up duration was 21.7 (2-91) months for ≤35 group, whereas it was 36.2 (4-195) months for ≥70 years group. Recurrence was observed in 34% of the young age group and 24% of the older age group. Three patients from the young group and 4 patients for ≥70 years age group died during the follow-up Young breast cancer patients have poor prognosis. Even after adjustment of the data, Overall survival and relapse free survival showed worse prognosis. Normal prognostic factors like tumor size, axillary lymph node involvement and grading can therefore be not the explanation for the more agressive disease progression alone. Older women were more likely to have lower tumor grades and higher hormone receptor positivity, ≤35 years old women were more likely to have Her2 positivity, larger tumor size and metastatic lymph node involvement. Median follow up duration was 21.7 (2-91) months for ≤35 age group, whereas it was 36.2 (4-195) months for ≥70 years group. Recurrence was observed in 34% of the young age group and 24% of the older age group. Three patients from the young group and 4 patients for ≥70 years age group died during the follow-up Young breast cancer patients have poor prognosis. Even after adjustment of the data, Overall survival and relapse free survival showed worse prognosis. Normal prognostic factors like tumor size, axillary lymph node involvement and grading can therefore be not the explanation for the more agressive disease progression alone. Conclusions: There are various reasons such as difficulty in diagnosing the patients the patients at earlier stage because of the higher density of breast tissue at younger age may be one of the reason.

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