Subcutanaeous emphysema: An extremely rare manifestation of supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma

We present the case report of a 60 years old man who presented to the emergency department with complaints of breathlessness for 2 weeks. After all common causes were ruled out, the patient was subjected to CT scan of neck in which he showed laryngeal mass growth which was perforating through the cartilage. There were a few surrounding lymph nodes and after an FNAC, it was found to be squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was referred for chemotherapy and radiotherapy at higher centre. To our knowledge, this is a very rare presentation of local extension of tumour. The patient presenting with carcinoma at a very late stage, succumbed to it 2 months later.

Stocking rate of extensive land-reform livestock farmers during 2018/2019 drought: Bloemfontein grassland biome case study

The study aimed to determine the average stocking rate among land reform beneficiary farmers specialising in livestock production in order to establish differences between calving percentage, fodder availability, and mortality rate of sampled farms, as well as to compare forage scarcities of Land Reform farms with their neighbouring farms during the midsummer drought of 2018/2019 in the Bloemfontein area. The average stocking rate was 5.9 ha/LSU in comparison with the Departmental grazing capacity norm of 6 ha/LSU for rangeland in good condition. However, 31% of the sampled farms were found to be severely overstocked, and the mortality rate on these farms, in relation to grazing capacity of 6 ha/LSU, was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the mortalities on the other remaining farms. Naturally available fodder was found to be heterogeneous, with 37.9% of the respondents observing their available fodder as worse than that of their neighbours. The total mortality of 176.77 LSUs was recorded for the 29 sampled farms. These findings will assist the local extension personnel prevent future rangeland condition degradation and increase land reform farmers’ productivity. The study concluded that training is paramount to farmers’ development and further recommends more research undertakings.

Drag folds in sedimentary rocks hosting kimberlites, West Yakutia

Drag folds were revealed in Lower Paleozoic sedimentary strata of Mirny, Nakyn and Syuldyukar diamondiferous fields, West Yakutia. They consist of minor anticlinal forms (3-5 to 15-20 cm thick) and cut marl, clayey limestone and dolomite bands located between monolith seams of carbonate rocks. Some folds as monocline, flexures and S- or Z-shaped folds reflect the degree of shearrelated interlayer offset. Drag folds are among shear zone occurrences including microfaults, slickensides with slip groove horizontal planes, and schistosity zones. Drag folds reflect local extension points while schistosity zones indicate compression points. For Syuldyukar field, detailed mapping results for drag folds and schistosity zones are provided at 3 scales: across 20 × 20 m observation grid within a local 2 km2 site; across 200 × 200 m grid within 20 km2 area; across 500 × 500 m grid within ~100 km2 territory. For all scales, drag fold halos are restricted to schistosity zones. Within a local site adjacent to kimberlites, drag folds mark ore-hosting fault controlling long axes of kimberlite areal projections. Within large areas, drag fold halos are 1,2-2 km, which compares with kimberlite group areal parameters. Drag fold halos reflect shear junctions, with some of them hosting kimberlites. Local occurrences of drag folds mark a major shear hosting a kimberlite body. Drag fold analysis combined with other evidence should be used as an indirect prospecting indicator of concealed shears and local extension areas controlling kimberlites.

Overlapping community detection algorithm based on similarity of node relationship

Community discovery is a vital link in the research of social networks. Aiming at the shortcomings of the current local extension-based community discovery algorithm in local community discovery and extension, we propose a based on relationship similarity and local extension Overlapping community detection algorithm(RSLO). First, use the node's relationship similarity strategy to find close seed communities. Then, according to the discovered seed community, the similarity between the neighbor nodes of the community and the community is calculated, and the nodes whose similarity meets the threshold are selected. After that, an adaptive optimization function is used to expand the community. Finally, the free nodes that have not been divided into the community are divided into communities, thereby achieving a more comprehensive community discovery. We conduct experiments on classic datasets and artificially generated networks. The results show that the RSLO algorithm can find accurate and objective community structures.

When a rare simultaneous infection simulates a local extension of a rectal cancer: a case report

Background Actinomycosis is a rare chronic infection caused by Actinomyces. The abdominopelvic localization of this pathology makes preoperative diagnosis extremely exceptional. The following report is the case of a patient treated for adenocarcinoma of the middle rectum associated with mesorectal actinomycosis. The diagnosis of actinomycosis was made postoperatively. Case presentation A 69-year-old Caucasian male patient was admitted for rectal bleeding. Clinical and paraclinical assessment revealed a middle rectum adenocarcinoma with local extension in the mesorectum. The patient underwent an anterior resection of the rectum by laparotomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Postoperative follow-up was simple. Pathological study of the specimen noted complete sterilization of the rectal adenocarcinoma and the presence of large foci of suppurative necrosis containing actinomycotic grains in the mesorectum. Conclusion Abdominopelvic actinomycosis is a rare pathology and has therefore rarely been dealt with. This issue can lead to unnecessary and mutilating surgery. We report an exceptional coincidence of rectal adenocarcinoma and mesorectal actinomycosis mistaken for mesorectal extension of the cancer.

Duodenal imaging on the spotlight: from A to Z

Abdominal computed tomography (CT) is frequently performed to evaluate gastrointestinal pathologic conditions. The majority of the gastrointestinal radiology literature has concentrated on the colon, stomach, and distal small bowel. The duodenum is often overlooked on imaging, namely on CT, but its anatomy (intra and retroperitoneal) and location in such close proximity to other viscera results in involvement by a multitude of primary and secondary processes, some of them exclusive to this bowel segment. While some conditions, like duplications, lipomas, and diverticula, are usually asymptomatic and are incidentalomas that have no pathologic significance, others are symptomatic and very relevant and should be recognized by every general radiologist: development conditions such as annular pancreas and gut malrotation; inflammatory processes such as ulcers and secondary involvement from pancreatitis; neoplastic conditions such as adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, or local extension from adjacent malignancies. They all can be reliably diagnosed with CT. In this article, we demonstrate the typical imaging features of various diseases involving the duodenum, such as developmental, traumatic, inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, and postsurgical pathologic conditions in alphabetical order, focusing mainly on upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS) and CT but also some radiography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.

The structure of the singular set in the thin obstacle problem for degenerate parabolic equations

We study the singular set in the thin obstacle problem for degenerate parabolic equations with weight $$|y|^a$$ | y | a for $$a \in (-1,1)$$ a ∈ ( - 1 , 1 ) . Such problem arises as the local extension of the obstacle problem for the fractional heat operator $$(\partial _t - \Delta _x)^s$$ ( ∂ t - Δ x ) s for $$s \in (0,1)$$ s ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) . Our main result establishes the complete structure and regularity of the singular set of the free boundary. To achieve it, we prove Almgren-Poon, Weiss, and Monneau type monotonicity formulas which generalize those for the case of the heat equation ($$a=0$$ a = 0 ).

To the Question of Local Extension of the Parallel Translations Group of Three-Dimensional Space

В современной геометрии актуальна задача расширения транзитивной группы Ли $G$, действующей в~многообразии $M$. Под расширением транзитивной группы Ли $G$ понимается группа Ли $G_1$, содержащая $G$ в виде подгруппы Ли и тоже транзитивная на $M$, причем ограничение этого транзитивного действия на $G$ дает исходное транзитивное действие группы Ли~$G$. В~частности, можно говорить о расширении группы параллельных переносов трехмерного пространства $R^3$. В данной работе ставится задача о нахождении всех локально дважды транзитивных расширений группы параллельных переносов трехмерного пространства. Эта задача сводится к вычислению алгебр Ли локально дважды транзитивных расширений группы параллельных переносов. Базисные операторы таких алгебр Ли находятся из решений особых систем трех дифференциальных уравнений. Доказано, что матрицы коэффициентов этих систем дифференциальных уравнений коммутируют между собой. Первая матрица приводится к жордановой форме, а остальные две матрицы упрощаются используя коммутативность и применяя допустимые преобразования. В результате имеем шесть типов алгебр Ли. Нахождению явных видов таких алгебр Ли и им соответствующих локальных групп Ли преобразований трехмерного пространства будет посвящена отдельная работа.