scholarly journals The Prevalence of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Misuse in Iranian Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Selk-Ghaffari ◽  
Sakineh Shab-Bidar ◽  
Farzin Halabchi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroid ◽  
Androgenic Steroid ◽  
Global Statistics ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

Background: Due to widespread abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids among professional athletes and amateur sportsmen and their health-related problems, determining the prevalence and the pattern of anabolicandrogenic steroid misuse at the national level seems to be vital for designing efficient preventive and educational measures. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted via comprehensive searches of the electronic databases including PubMed, MedLine, Scopus, Google Scholar and National Persian Databases including SID, Magiran, IranDoc (between 1980 and Dec 2019 in English and Persian languages) and also from citations in the selected papers. Overall, 39 articles met the criteria and were included in qualitative and quantitative synthesis. Results: The overall prevalence rate of anabolic-androgenic steroid misuse in the Iranian athletic population was 36.2% (95% confidence interval (CI), 29-43) with significant heterogeneity between studies (I2=99.0%, P<0.001). Prevalence rate of anabolic-androgenic steroid misuse among elite, male and younger athletes was higher (P<0.05). Moreover, prevalence rate of anabolic-androgenic steroid misuse among body-building athletes (36.3%) was higher compared to other athletes (30.9%), (P<0.001). Conclusion: Due to the higher prevalence of anabolic-androgenic steroids misuse in Iran compared to global statistics and the potential for serious adverse effects, preventive strategies and policies should be regarded as a real concern for public health.

scholarly journals Intrasexual competition as a potential influence on anabolic-androgenic steroid use initiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1210-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Harris ◽  
Michael Dunn ◽  
Tina Alwyn
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Intrasexual Competition ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroid ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Steroid Use ◽  
Novice Group ◽  
Androgenic Steroid ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

An estimated 293,000 people living in the United Kingdom have used anabolic-androgenic steroids. However, there is currently no intervention to reduce usage available in practice or academic circulation throughout the United Kingdom. This study aimed to test a novel hypothesis that increased levels of intrasexual competition may play an important influential role in the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids. Significantly higher levels of intrasexual competition were evident in users compared to non-users but only in the novice group (0–2 years of experience). The research provides evidence for intrasexual competition potentially influencing anabolic-androgenic steroid use but only during the initial stages of usage.

scholarly journals Prevalence and progression of incidental terminal ileitis on non-diagnostic colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manasi Agrawal ◽  
Mario Bento-Miranda ◽  
Samantha Walsh ◽  
Neeraj Narula ◽  
Jean-Frederic Colombel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Diagnostic Colonoscopy ◽  
Terminal Ileitis ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background Incidentally-diagnosed terminal ileitis (IDTI) has been reported among asymptomatic persons undergoing non-diagnostic colonoscopy. The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence and long-term outcomes of asymptomatic terminal ileitis. Methods We performed a systematic review using three biomedical databases (Medline, Embase and Web of Science) and relevant scientific meeting abstracts. We identified observational studies that reported the prevalence of IDTI in adults undergoing screening or polyp surveillance colonoscopy and/or the long-term outcomes of such lesions. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to determine the pooled prevalence rate of IDTI. The progression of IDTI to overt Crohn’s disease (CD) was also described. Results Of 2,388 eligible studies, 1,784 were screened after excluding duplicates, 84 were reviewed in full text, and 14 studies were eligible for inclusion. Seven studies reported the prevalence of IDTI in 44,398 persons undergoing non-diagnostic colonoscopy, six studies reported follow-up data, and one study reported both types of data. The pooled prevalence rate of IDTI was 1.6% (CI 0.1–21.8%) with significant heterogeneity (I 2 = 99.7). Among patients who had undergone non-diagnostic colonoscopy and had follow-up data (range 13–84 months reported in five studies), progression to overt CD was rare. Conclusion IDTI is not uncommon on non-diagnostic colonoscopies. Based on limited data, the rate of its progression to overt CD seems low, and watchful waiting is likely a reasonable strategy. Further long-term follow-up studies are needed to inform the natural history of incidental terminal ileitis, factors that predict progression to CD, and therapeutic implications.

Effects of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids on the Reproductive System of Athletes and Recreational Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1869-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Christou ◽  
Panagiota A. Christou ◽  
Georgios Markozannes ◽  
Agathocles Tsatsoulis ◽  
George Mastorakos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

scholarly journals Anabolic-androgenic steroid use among bodybuilders in Erbil city

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-665
Author(s):  
Ramadhan Ahmed ◽  
Karwan Sulaiman ◽  
Muhammed Hasan ◽  
Ali Dauod
Keyword(s):  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Steroid Use ◽  
Steroid Abuse ◽  
Androgenic Steroid ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

Background and objective: Anabolic-androgenic steroids are synthetic testosterone derivatives with a longer duration of action than physiological androgens. They are abused by bodybuilders because of their potential to enhance muscle strength. Serious medical and psychological complications may be associated with their non-medical use. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroids among bodybuilders and their awareness of health-related risks. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from the 1st of January 2019 to the end of July 2019 in 18 randomly selected gym centers in Erbil city, Iraq using stratified random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 400 bodybuilders to assess the prevalence and knowledge of using Anabolic-androgenic steroids. Results: The study showed a high prevalence of Anabolic-androgenic steroid consumption (26.3%) among gym users in Erbil city. Anabolic-androgenic steroid use was significantly higher among participants with a longer duration of bodybuilding practice ≥4 years (P = 0.001). Anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse was significantly associated with drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes, and using growth hormones. Trainers were the commonest source of recommendation. Conclusion: The prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroids abuse is high among bodybuilders in Erbil city. Public health awareness is essential and may help avoid the propagation of the problem. Keywords: Anabolic steroids; Gym users; Bodybuilders; Knowledge, Erbil.

scholarly journals Sudden Cardiac Death in Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Users: A Literature Review

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Marco Torrisi ◽  
Giuliana Pennisi ◽  
Ilenia Russo ◽  
Francesco Amico ◽  
Massimiliano Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroid ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Androgenic Steroid ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

Background and objectives: Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) are a group of synthetic molecules derived from testosterone and its related precursors. AASs are widely used illicitly by adolescents and athletes, especially by bodybuilders, both for aesthetic uses and as performance enhancers to increase muscle growth and lean body mass. When used illicitly they can damage health and cause disorders affecting several functions. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the most common medical cause of death in athletes. SCD in athletes has also been associated with the use of performance-enhancing drugs. This review aimed to focus on deaths related to AAS abuse to investigate the cardiac pathophysiological mechanism that underlies this type of death, which still needs to be fully investigated. Materials and Methods: This review was conducted using PubMed Central and Google Scholar databases, until 21 July 2020, using the following key terms: “((Sudden cardiac death) OR (Sudden death)) AND ((androgenic anabolic steroid) OR (androgenic anabolic steroids) OR (anabolic-androgenic steroids) OR (anabolic-androgenic steroid))”. Thirteen articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, for a total of 33 reported cases. Results: Of the 33 cases, 31 (93.9%) were males while only 2 (61%) were females. Mean age was 29.79 and, among sportsmen, the most represented sports activity was bodybuilding. In all cases there was a history of AAS abuse or a physical phenotype suggesting AAS use; the total usage period was unspecified in most cases. In 24 cases the results of the toxicological analysis were reported. The most detected AASs were nandrolone, testosterone, and stanozolol. The most frequently reported macroscopic alterations were cardiomegaly and left ventricular hypertrophy, while the histological alterations were foci of fibrosis and necrosis of the myocardial tissue. Conclusions: Four principal mechanisms responsible for SCD have been proposed in AAS abusers: the atherogenic model, the thrombosis model, the model of vasospasm induced by the release of nitric oxide, and the direct myocardial injury model. Hypertrophy, fibrosis, and necrosis represent a substrate for arrhythmias, especially when combined with exercise. Indeed, AAS use has been shown to change physiological cardiac remodeling of athletes to pathophysiological cardiac hypertrophy with an increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmias.

scholarly journals Long-Term Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use Is Associated with Increased Atrial Electromechanical Delay in Male Bodybuilders

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Akçakoyun ◽  
Elnur Alizade ◽  
Recep Gündoğdu ◽  
Mustafa Bulut ◽  
Mehmet Mustafa Tabakcı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroid ◽  
Electromechanical Delay ◽  
Steroid Use ◽  
Atrial Electromechanical Delay ◽  
Androgenic Steroid ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

We investigated the effect of long-term supraphysiologic doses of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) on atrial electromechanical delay (AEMD) in male bodybuilders. We clearly demonstrated that long-term consumption of supraphysiologic doses of AAS is associated with higher values of inter- and intra-AEMD in healthy young bodybuilders.

scholarly journals Anabolic-androgenic steroid administration increases self-reported aggression in healthy males: a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Chegeni ◽  
Ståle Pallesen ◽  
Jim McVeigh ◽  
Dominic Sagoe
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroid ◽  
Androgenic Steroid ◽  
Psychiatric Side Effects ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Healthy Males

Abstract Rationale Aggression and irritability are notable psychiatric side effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use. However, no previous study has systematically reviewed and quantitatively synthesized effects reported by experimental studies on this topic. Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of AAS administration on self-reported and observer-reported aggression. Methods Twelve RCTs comprising a total of 562 healthy males were identified through systematic searches of MEDLINE, PsycInfo, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library. Results After excluding one outlier, AAS administration was associated with an increase in self-reported aggression under a random-effects model, albeit small (Hedges’ g = 0.171, 95% CI: 0.029–0.312, k = 11, p = .018), and when restricting the analysis to the effect of acute AAS administration on self-reported aggression under a fixed-effect model (g = 0.291, 95% CI: 0.014–0.524, p = .014). However, the above effects were neither replicated in the analysis of observer-reported aggression nor after restricting the analysis to the effects of the administration of higher (over 500 mg) and long-term (3 days to 14 weeks) doses. Conclusions The present meta-analysis provides evidence of an increase, although small, in self-reported aggression in healthy males following AAS administration in RCTs. Ecologically rational RCTs are warranted to better explore the effect of AAS administration on aggression in humans.

scholarly journals Prevalence of lifetime substances use among students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirbo Shore Roba ◽  
Addisu Shunu Beyene ◽  
Asnake Ararsa Irenso ◽  
Berhe Gebremichael
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
National Level ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity

Abstract Background The use of substances is a growing concern in Ethiopia, and their impacts on younger generation have been a concern of different professionals. Even though students are at high-risk of substance abuse, there is lack of comprehensive evidence for policy decision on substance use among students. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of common substances among students in Ethiopia. Method A comprehensive literature searches were done from biomedical databases: PubMed/Medline, African Journal Online, HINARI, Science Direct, and Google Scholar for article published until Dcember 31, 2017, and Addis Ababa Uiversity’s electronic library search of unpublished thesis and dissertations. Two authors autonomously selected studies, extracted data, and evaluated quality of studies. The prevalence of lifetime substances use was estimated using the random effects model. Q and I2 statistics were computed to measure the extents of heterogeneity. Results A total 676 study articles were identified from electronic databases, and 28 of them were included in meta-analysis. The analysis revealed that the lifetime prevalence of any substance use was 52.5% (95% CI 42.4–62.4%), khat 24.7% (95% CI 21.8–27.7%), alcohol 46.2% (95% CI 40.3–52.2%), and smoking cigarette 14.7% (95% CI 11.3–18.5%). Significant heterogeneity was observed but there was no significant publication bias. The lifetime prevalence of khat, alcohol, and cigarette smoking among high school vs university students was 22.5% (95% CI 15.2–30.7%) vs 25.1% (95% CI 21.9–28.5%), 41.4% (95% CI 22.1–62.1%) vs 47.8% (95% CI 39.9–55.7%), and 21.5% (95% CI 12.6–32.1%) vs 12.9% (95% CI 10.1–16.0%), respectively. Conclusion This meta-analysis highlighted the extent of lifetime prevalence of any substance, khat, alcohol, and cigarettes smoking among students in Ethiopia. Significant percent of high school students have exposed to substances. Policy makers should devise and implement strictly binding regulation to curb widespread of substances around educational institution premises at national level. Priority should be given to intervention strategies that help delay first use of substance to prevent problems later in life. Besides, the problem warrants regular national-level educational institutions based studies focusing on the magnitude, trajectory, and consequences of substance use among students. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42018082635

Chasing the Anchor: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Perceptual Anchoring Deficits in Developmental Dyslexia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt D Shulver ◽  
Nicholas A Badcock
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
English Language ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

We report the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the relationship between perceptual anchoring and dyslexia. Our goal was to assess the direction and degree of effect between perceptual anchoring and reading ability in typical and atypical (dyslexic) readers. We performed a literature search of experiments explicitly assessing perceptual anchoring and reading ability using PsycInfo (Ovid, 1860 to 2020), MEDLINE (Ovid, 1860 to 2019), EMBASE (Ovid, 1883 to 2019), and PubMed for all available years up to June (2020). Our eligibility criteria consisted of English-language articles and, at minimum, one experimental group identified as dyslexic - either by reading assessment at the time, or by previous diagnosis. We assessed for risk of bias using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Six studies were included in this review, but only five (n = 280 participants) were included in the meta-analysis (we were unable to access the necessary data for one study).The overall effect was negative, large and statistically significant; g = -0.87, 95% CI [-1.47, 0.27]: a negative effect size indicating less perceptual anchoring in dyslexic versus non-dyslexic groups. Visual assessment of funnel plot and Egger’s test suggest minimal bias but with significant heterogeneity; Q (4) = 9.70, PI (prediction interval) [-2.32, -0.58]. The primary limitation of the current review is the small number of included studies. We discuss methodological limitations, such as limited power, and how future research may redress these concerns. The variability of effect sizes appears consistent with the inherent variability within subtypes of dyslexia. This level of dispersion seems indicative of the how we define cut-off thresholds between typical reading and dyslexia populations, but also the methodological tools we use to investigate individual performance.

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