scholarly journals The Technology of Producing Biohumus and the Study of its Qualitative Indicators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gneush ◽  
Inna Zholobova ◽  
Alexander Petenko ◽  
Natalia Gorkovenko ◽  
Natalia Yurina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Physiological Group ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Total Composition ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

This article presents the results from the development of a technology for producing biohumus from the feces of cattle and winter wheat straw in a biodynamic fermenter. Nitrifying agents are important for soil fertility, which is dependent on the intensity of the nitrification process. This group includes aerobic cellulose-destroying microorganisms, denitrifiers and sulfate-reducing bacteria. The ratio of these groups and their composition are changing. Therefore, the study of the quantitative ratio of microbial communities involved in the formation of biohumus was of considerable scientific interest. During the microbiological analyses, a large number of microorganisms were found to be involved in the decomposition of the organic compounds. Aminoautotrophic microorganisms represented the largest physiological group of microorganisms in the biohumus. The chemical composition of the biohumus was determined during the study and a sanitary microbiological analysis was performed. The content of gross forms of elements in the humic extract was also examined. The humic extract from the biohumus was a brown liquid with 15 g / l of humic acids, 5.0 g / l of fulvic acids, and gross forms of elements (potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen). The dry matter in the biohumus was 1.0% of the total composition and contained 0.1% nitrogen, 0.03% phosphorus P2O5 and 0.01% potassium K2O. It was found that high-quality organic fertilizer can be obtained using this technology. Keywords: biohumus, humic extract, chemical composition, sanitary-microbiological analysis, organic fertilizer

scholarly journals Suspension Array Analysis of 16S rRNA from Fe- and SO42-Reducing Bacteria in Uranium-Contaminated Sediments Undergoing Bioremediation

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 4672-4687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrell P. Chandler ◽  
Ann E. Jarrell ◽  
Eric R. Roden ◽  
Julia Golova ◽  
Boris Chernov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Iron Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Suspension Array ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Subsurface Sediments ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Bead Arrays ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

ABSTRACT A 16S rRNA-targeted tunable bead array was developed and used in a retrospective analysis of metal- and sulfate-reducing bacteria in contaminated subsurface sediments undergoing in situ U(VI) bioremediation. Total RNA was extracted from subsurface sediments and interrogated directly, without a PCR step. Bead array validation studies with total RNA derived from 24 isolates indicated that the behavior and response of the 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes could not be predicted based on the primary nucleic acid sequence. Likewise, signal intensity (absolute or normalized) could not be used to assess the abundance of one organism (or rRNA) relative to the abundance of another organism (or rRNA). Nevertheless, the microbial community structure and dynamics through time and space and as measured by the rRNA-targeted bead array were consistent with previous data acquired at the site, where indigenous sulfate- and iron-reducing bacteria and near neighbors of Desulfotomaculum were the organisms that were most responsive to a change in injected acetate concentrations. Bead array data were best interpreted by analyzing the relative changes in the probe responses for spatially and temporally related samples and by considering only the response of one probe to itself in relation to a background (reference) environmental sample. By limiting the interpretation of the data in this manner and placing it in the context of supporting geochemical and microbiological analyses, we concluded that ecologically relevant and meaningful information can be derived from direct microarray analysis of rRNA in uncharacterized environmental samples, even with the current analytical uncertainty surrounding the behavior of individual probes on tunable bead arrays.

Quantitative ecology of psychrophilic bacteria in an aquatic environment and characterization of heterotrophic bacteria from permanently cold sediments

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1433-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Leduc ◽  
G. D. Ferroni
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Quantitative Ecology ◽  
Physiological Group ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, and sulfate-reducing bacteria were quantitated in Fairbank Lake, an oligotrophic to mesotrophic lake with a permanently cold hypolimnion, as a function of depth in three seasons. Representatives of each physiological group were recovered at an incubation temperature of 2 °C and for all the physiological groups the 2 °C counts were usually higher than the 37 °C counts, although sulfate-reducing bacteria were not recoverable at an incubation temperature of 37 °C. In addition, the numbers of each physiological type were generally higher in the sediments than in the water column, except in the case of sulfate-reducing bacteria for which the counts were low and often below the detection limit. Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria usually outnumbered the other physiological groups surveyed, and winter minima were characteristic of some of the physiological groups. A relatively stable density of anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria, as a function of sediment depth, was observed when the incubation temperature was 2 °C. At 37 °C, these anaerobes were not detected, and this was true for sulfate-reducing bacteria at both temperatures.Heterotrophic bacterial isolates from the permanently cold sediments were examined with regard to Gram reaction, the obligate or facultative nature of anaerobes, ability to use ecologically important substrates, psychrophilic type, and temperature range for growth. Isolates recovered at 2 °C were predominantly Gram-negative bacilli, whereas isolates recovered at 37 °C were predominantly Gram-positive bacilli. The anaerobic isolates were mainly Gram-positive bacilli regardless of the isolation temperature, and most of those examined were obligately anaerobic. Many of the isolates tested were positive for gelatinase, chitinase, amylase, and lipase, but none was positive for cellulase. Most of the sediment isolates were facultatively psychrophilic and a considerable fraction of the 37 °C isolates were facultative psychrophiles.

scholarly journals The Self Ignition of Fiberglass Lines

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Moussa Bounoughaz ◽  
Noura Touabi
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Population ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Methanogenic Bacteria ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Maintenance Work ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The fiberglass pipes were used for transportation of water in order to maintain the pressure in the oil field of Zarzaïtine (Region of In Amenas located in the south of Algeria). During the maintenance work in summer, a season well known for its extensive heat, the deposits contained in the pipe, and after its contact with the atmosphere, have caused a smoke and it was followed by a fire that ignited a portion of the pipe. To give an answer to the causes of this phenomenon, we have first incriminated the role of specific bacterial species and therefore we have made a microbiological analysis of the deposits collected from the site of the incident. The obtained results revealed the presence of a heterogeneous microbial population with a high concentration level of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), methanogenic bacteria (MB), yeasts and fungi. The interaction between the different species of bacteria and the organic matter contained in the deposits has generated the formation of methane which under the influence of the great heat burnt and the fire caused the ignition of the fiberglass line.

Influence of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria on Corrosion of Steel Q235 during Natural Evaporation in Soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Jin Xu ◽  
Cheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Corrosion Of Steel ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Corrosion behavior of steel Q235 was investigated during natural evaporation in soils with and without sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) by microbiological analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and electron-probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA). The results show that during natural evaporation, oxygen content increases, amounts of SRB decrease, and the corrosion rates of steel Q235 increase with decreasing humidity of soils with and without SRB. Increments of the corrosion rates are much bigger in soils with SRB than those without SRB.

Bactericidal properties of a combined corrosion inhibitor in the presence of SRB

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Hydrogen Diffusion ◽  
Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacteriostatic Effect ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Bactericidal Properties ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Steel St3

The bactericidal properties of the combined inhibitor with respect to two types of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and Desulfomicrobium sulfate-reducing bacteria were studied. The effect of the inhibitor on the number of bacterial cells and the formation of hydrogen sulfide in Postgate nutrient Postgate “B” was evaluated. It has been shown that the combined inhibitor exhibits a bacteriostatic effect on to sulphate-reducing bacteria. It was revealed that the degree of suppression of the number of microorganisms Desulfovibrio desulfuricans at a concentration of the combined inhibitor 100,0 mg/L is higher than Desulfomicrobium. In the latter case, to achieve this effect, 120,0 mg/L concentration of the combined inhibitor is required. The studied combination inhibitor causes the inhibition of hydrogen diffusion in steel St3 in the MI medium saturated with H2S and CO2 separately and together, and also contributes to preserving the ductile properties of the steel St3 after exposure to solutions compared to non-inhibited media.

scholarly journals Composition and Corrosivity of Extracellular Polymeric Substances from The Hydrocarbon-Degrading Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Desulfoglaeba alkanexedens ALDC

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1994
Author(s):  
Irene A. Davidova ◽  
Tiffany R. Lenhart ◽  
Mark A. Nanny ◽  
Joseph M. Suflita
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Pyranose Ring ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Degrading Bacterium ◽  
Hydrocarbon Substrates ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) often exist as cell aggregates and in biofilms surrounded by a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). The chemical composition of EPSs may facilitate hydrophobic substrate biodegradation and promote microbial influenced corrosion (MIC). Although EPSs from non-hydrocarbon-degrading SRB have been studied; the chemical composition of EPSs from hydrocarbon-degrading SRBs has not been reported. The isolated EPSs from the sulfate-reducing alkane-degrading bacterium Desulfoglaeba alkanexedens ALDC was characterized with scanning and fluorescent microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and by colorimetric chemical assays. Specific fluorescent staining and 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed that the fundamental chemical structure of the EPS produced by D. alkanexedens is composed of pyranose polysaccharide and cyclopentanone in a 2:1 ratio. NMR analyses indicated that the pyranose ring structure is bonded by 1,4 connections with the cyclopentanone directly bonded to one pyranose ring. The presence of cyclopentanone presumably increases the hydrophobicity of the EPS that may facilitate the accessibility of hydrocarbon substrates to aggregating cells or cells in a biofilm. Weight loss and iron dissolution experiments demonstrated that the EPS did not contribute to the corrosivity of D. alkanexedens cells.

Specificity of Lectins Labeled with Colloidal Gold to the Exopolymeric Matrix Carbohydrates of the Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Biofilm Formed on Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
D.R. Abdulina ◽  
◽  
L.M. Purish ◽  
G.O. Iutynska ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The studies of the carbohydrate composition of the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) biofilms formed on the steel surface, which are a factor of microbial corrosion, are significant. Since exopolymers synthesized by bacteria could activate corrosive processes. The aim of the study was to investigate the specificity of commercial lectins, labeled with colloidal gold to carbohydrates in the biofilm exopolymeric matrix produced by the corrosive-relevant SRB strains from man-caused ecotopes. Methods. Microbiological methods (obtaining of the SRB biofilms during cultivation in liquid Postgate B media under microaerophilic conditions), biochemical methods (lectin-binding analysis of 10 commercial lectins, labeled with colloidal gold), transmission electron microscopy using JEM-1400 JEOL. Results. It was shown using transmission electron microscopy that the binding of lectins with carbohydrates in the biofilm of the studied SRB strains occurred directly in the exopolymerіс matrix, as well as on the surfaces of bacterial cells, as seen by the presence of colloidal gold particles. For detection of the neutral carbohydrates (D-glucose and D-mannose) in the biofilm of almost all studied bacterial strains PSA lectin was the most specific. This lectin binding in biofilms of Desulfotomaculum sp. К1/3 and Desulfovibrio sp. 10 strains was higher in 90.8% and 94.4%, respectively, then for ConA lectin. The presence of fucose in the SRB biofilms was detected using LABA lectin, that showed specificity to the biofilm EPS of all the studied strains. LBA lectin was the most specific to N-аcetyl-D-galactosamine for determination of amino sugars in the biofilm. The amount of this lectin binding in D. vulgaris DSM644 biofilm was 30.3, 10.1 and 9.3 times higher than SBA, SNA and PNA lectins, respectively. STA, LVA and WGA lectins were used to detect the N-acetyl-Dglucosamine and sialic acid in the biofilm. WGA lectin showed specificity to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the biofilm of all the studied SRB; maximum number of bounded colloidal gold particles (175 particles/μm2) was found in the Desulfotomaculum sp. TC3 biofilm. STA lectin was interacted most actively with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in Desulfotomaculum sp. TC3 and Desulfomicrobium sp. TC4 biofilms. The number of bounded colloidal gold particles was in 9.2 and 7.4 times higher, respectively, than using LVA lectin. The lowest binding of colloidal gold particles was observed for LVA lectin. Conclusions. It was identified the individual specificity of the 10 commercial lectins to the carbohydrates of biofilm matrix on the steel surface, produced by SRB. It was estimated that lectins with identical carbohydrates specificity had variation in binding to the biofilm carbohydrates of different SRB strains. Establishing of the lectin range selected for each culture lead to the reduction of the scope of studies and labor time in the researching of the peculiarities of exopolymeric matrix composition of biofilms formed by corrosiverelevant SRB.

The influence of potassium dichromate on dissimilatory reduction of sulfate and nitrate ions by bacteria Desulfovibrio sp.

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
O. M. Moroz ◽  
S. O. Hnatush ◽  
Ch. I. Bohoslavets ◽  
T. M. Hrytsun’ ◽  
B. M. Borsukevych
Keyword(s):  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Nitrate Ions ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Sulfate reducing bacteria, capable to reductive transformation of different nature pollutants, used in biotechnologies of purification of sewage, contaminated by carbon, sulfur, nitrogen and metal compounds. H2S formed by them sediment metals to form of insoluble sulfides. Number of metals can be used by these microorganisms as electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration. Because under the influence of metal compounds observed slowing of bacteria metabolism, selection isolated from technologically modified ecotops resistant to pollutions strains is important task to create a new biotechnologies of purification. That’s why the purpose of this work was to study the influence of potassium dichromate, present in medium, on reduction of sulfate and nitrate ions by sulfate reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio desulfuricans IMV K-6, Desulfovibrio sp. Yav-6 and Desulfovibrio sp. Yav-8, isolated from Yavorivske Lake, to estimate the efficiency of possible usage of these bacteria in technologies of complex purification of environment from dangerous pollutants. Bacteria were cultivated in modified Kravtsov-Sorokin medium without SO42- and FeCl2×4H2O for 10 days. To study the influence of K2Cr2O7 on usage by bacteria SO42- or NO3- cells were seeded to media with Na2SO4×10H2O or NaNO3 and K2Cr2O7 at concentrations of 1.74 mM for total content of electron acceptors in medium 3.47 mM (concentration of SO42- in medium of standard composition). Cells were also seeded to media with 3.47 mM Na2SO4×10H2O, NaNO3 or K2Cr2O7 to investigate their growth in media with SO42-, NO3- or Cr2O72- as sole electron acceptor (control). Biomass was determined by turbidymetric method, content of sulfate, nitrate, dichromate, chromium (III) ions, hydrogen sulfide or ammonia ions in cultural liquid – by spectrophotometric method. It was found that K2Cr2O7 inhibits growth (2.2 and 1.3 times) and level of reduction by bacteria sulfate or nitrate ions (4.2 and 3.0 times, respectively) at simultaneous addition into cultivation medium of 1.74 mM SO42- or NO3- and 1.74 mM Cr2O72-, compared with growth and level of reduction of sulfate or nitrate ions in medium only with SO42- or NO3- as sole electron acceptor. Revealed that during cultivation of bacteria in presence of equimolar amount of SO42- or NO3- and Cr2O72-, last used by bacteria faster, content of Cr3+ during whole period of bacteria cultivation exceeded content H2S or NH4+. K2Cr2O7 in medium has most negative influence on dissimilatory reduction by bacteria SO42- than NO3-, since level of nitrate ions reduction by cells in medium with NO3- and Cr2O72- was a half times higher than level of sulfate ions reduction by it in medium with SO42- and Cr2O72-. The ability of bacteria Desulfovibrio sp. to priority reduction of Cr2O72- and after their exhaustion − NO3- and SO42- in the processes of anaerobic respiration can be used in technologies of complex purification of environment from toxic compounds.

Removal of lead by sulfate-reducing bacteria in anaerobic continuous stirred tank reactors

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-561
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Thị Yên ◽  
Kiều Thị Quỳnh Hoa
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Terminal Electron Acceptor ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactors ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Sulfide Production ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Lead contaminated wastewater negatively impacts to living organisms as well as humans. In recent years, a highly promising biological process using the anaerobic production of sulfide ions by sulfate-reducing bacteria has presented itself as an alternative option for the removal of lead. This process is based on microbial utilization of electron donors, such as organic compounds (carbon sources), and sulfate as the terminal electron acceptor for sulfide production. The biogenic hydrogen sulfide reacts with dissolved heavy metals to form insoluble metal sulfide precipitates Removal of lead by an enriched consortium of sulfate-reducing bacteria (DM10) was evaluated sulfate reduction, sulfide production and lead precipitation. Four parallel anaerobic continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR, V = 2L) (referred as R1 - R4) were fed with synthetic wastewater containing Pb2+ in the concentrations of 0, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1 of lead and operated with a hydraulic retention time of 5 days for 40 days. The loading rates of each metal in R1- R4 were 0, 20, 30 and 40 mg L-1 d-1, respectively. The results showed that there was no inhibition of SRB growth and that lead removal efficiencies of 99-100% for Pb2+ were achieved in R2 (100 mg L-1) and R3 (150 mg L-1) throughout the experiment. For the highest lead concentration of  200 mg L-1, a decrease in efficiency of removal (from 100 to 96%) was observed at the end of the experiment. The obtained result of this study might help for a better control operation and performance improvements of reactors.

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