scholarly journals Evaluation of total and differential white blood cell counts in workers exposed to lead

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Kargar-Shouroki ◽  
HR Mehri ◽  
F Sepahi-Zoeram
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Differential White Blood Cell ◽  
Battery Workers

Introduction: Lead is a toxic heavy metal that has adverse health effects on blood parameters. About 80% of lead produced is used in batteries, especially vehicle batteries. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the hematological changes, including total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts in battery workers exposed to lead, and compare with the non-exposed group. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in a battery industry in Semnan city. The study population consisted of 78 battery workers and 78 healthy non-exposed office workers. A hematology cell counter was used to determine the total, and differential WBC counts. Blood lead level was measured in accordance with the NIOSH method 8003. Results: Blood lead levels were about two times higher than the TLV recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) for this compound (20 µg/dl). The level of WBC (8.07± 2.55 mm3 blood×103 vs. 7.27 ± 1.58 mm3 blood×103) was significantly higher, while the level of monocyte was significantly lower (6.96 ± 1.72 % vs. 7.67 ± 1.87 %) in the exposed group than in the non-exposed group. After adjustment for potential confounders such as age and work history, a significant association between exposure to lead and WBC and monocyte levels was reported. Conclusion: The present study's findings indicated that exposure to lead was associated with total and differential white blood cells changes in the exposed group compared to the non-exposed group.

A Method for Optimizing and Validating Institution-Specific Flagging Criteria for Automated Cell Counters

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (10) ◽  
pp. 1528-1533
Author(s):  
Anthony Sireci ◽  
Robert Schlaberg ◽  
Alexander Kratz
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Differential White Blood Cell

Abstract Context.—Automated cell counters use alerts (flags) to indicate which differential white blood cell counts can be released directly from the instrument and which samples require labor-intensive slide reviews. The thresholds at which many of these flags are triggered can be adjusted by individual laboratories. Many users, however, use factory-default settings or adjust the thresholds through a process of trial and error. Objective.—To develop a systematic method, combining statistical analysis and clinical judgment, to optimize the flagging thresholds on automated cell counters. Design.—Data from 502 samples flagged by Sysmex XE-2100/5000 (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) instruments, with at least 1 of 5 user-adjustable, white blood cell count flags, were used to change the flagging thresholds for maximal diagnostic effectiveness by optimizing the Youden index for each flag (the optimization set). The optimized thresholds were then validated with a second set of 378 samples (the validation set). Results.—Use of the new thresholds reduced the review rate caused by the 5 flags from 6.5% to 2.9% and improved the positive predictive value of the flagging system for any abnormality from 27% to 37%. Conclusions.—This method can be used to optimize thresholds for flag alerts on automated cell counters of any type and to improve the overall positive predictive value of the flagging system at the expense of a reduction in the negative predictive value. A reduced manual review rate helps to focus resources on differential white blood cell counts that are of clinical significance and may improve turnaround time.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus equigenerosi Strain Le1 Invades Equine Epithelial Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 4248-4255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlie Botha ◽  
Marelize Botes ◽  
Ben Loos ◽  
Carine Smith ◽  
Leon M. T. Dicks
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Differential White Blood Cell

ABSTRACTLactobacillus equigenerosistrain Le1, a natural inhabitant of the equine gastrointestinal tract, survived pH 3.0 and incubation in the presence of 1.5% (wt/vol) bile salts for at least 2 h. Strain Le1 showed 8% cell surface hydrophobicity, 60% auto-aggregation, and 47% coaggregation withClostridium difficileC6. Only 1% of the cells adhered to viable buccal epithelial cells and invaded the cells within 20 min after contact. Preincubation of strain Le1 in a buffer containing pronase prevented adhesion to viable epithelial cells. Preincubation in a pepsin buffer delayed invasion from 20 min to 1 h. Strain Le1 did not adhere to nonviable epithelial cells. Administration ofL. equigenerosiLe1 (1 × 109CFU per 50 kg body weight) to healthy horses did not increase white blood cell numbers. Differential white blood cell counts and aspartate aminotransferase levels remained constant. Glucose, lactate, cholesterol, and urea levels remained constant during administration withL. equigenerosiLe1 but decreased during the week after administration.

White blood cell counts in house sparrows (Passer domesticus) before and after moult and after testosterone treatment

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Paz Nava ◽  
José Pablo Veiga ◽  
Marisa Puerta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
House Sparrows ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Differential White Blood Cell

In this study two experiments were run in parallel. To evaluate the possible influence of moult and age on differential white blood cell (WBC) counts, we captured juvenile and adult house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and housed them in outdoor aviaries. Blood was collected twice, before and after moult. Numbers of basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were higher in juveniles than in adults, whereas numbers of eosinophilic cells were similar in the two age groups. Moult induced an increase in basophils and monocytes in both juveniles and adults. This indicates that moult and age impose different immunological challenges on house sparrows. To evaluate the effect of testosterone on differential WBC counts, some house sparrows in aviaries received testosterone during the moult period. Testosterone administration reduced, though not significantly, the number of all WBC types in juveniles, and therefore appeared to have an nonspecific effect. However, the number of lymphocytes increased only in adults, which suggests a specific effect on this cell type in this age group.

scholarly journals Effect of Fluticasone and Salmeterol on Tracheal Responsiveness to Ovalbumin and Lung Inflammation, Administrated during and after Sensitization

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Gholamnezhad ◽  
Mohammad Hossain Boskabady ◽  
Mohammad Reza Khazdair ◽  
Mahmoud Hosseini ◽  
Mahdi Abbasnejad
Keyword(s):  
Fluticasone Propionate ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group B ◽  
Differential White Blood Cell

The effect of duration of administration of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol on tracheal responsiveness to ovalbumin and total and differential white blood cell in sensitized guinea pig was examined. Six groups of guinea pigs (n=7) were sensitized to ovalbumin. Three groups of them were subjected to inhaled fluticasone propionate and salmeterol, one group during sensitization (A), one group after that (for 18 days, B), and the other one during sensitization but with 18 days delay before measurements (C). Three other groups were treated with placebo in the same manner. The tracheal responsiveness to ovalbumin and total and differential white blood cells of three placebo groups were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.001for all cases). Tracheal responsiveness to ovalbumin and total and differential white blood cell in treated groups with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol were significantly decreased compared to those of placebo groups (nonsignificant toP<0.001). The improvement in all variables in treatment groups A and C were more pronounced than group B. The results showed that fluticasone propionate and salmeterol had a prevention effect on tracheal hyperresponsiveness to ovalbumin and lung inflammation which was more pronounced when administered during than after sensitization.

scholarly journals High intake of vegetables is linked to lower white blood cell profile and the effect is mediated by the gut microbiome

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Menni ◽  
Panayiotis Louca ◽  
Sarah E. Berry ◽  
Amrita Vijay ◽  
Stuart Astbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Habitual Diet ◽  
Cell Profile

Abstract Background Chronic inflammation, which can be modulated by diet, is linked to high white blood cell counts and correlates with higher cardiometabolic risk and risk of more severe infections, as in the case of COVID-19. Methods Here, we assessed the association between white blood cell profile (lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes and total white blood cells) as markers of chronic inflammation, habitual diet and gut microbiome composition (determined by sequencing of the 16S RNA) in 986 healthy individuals from the PREDICT-1 nutritional intervention study. We then investigated whether the gut microbiome mediates part of the benefits of vegetable intake on lymphocyte counts. Results Higher levels of white blood cells, lymphocytes and basophils were all significantly correlated with lower habitual intake of vegetables, with vegetable intake explaining between 3.59 and 6.58% of variation in white blood cells after adjusting for covariates and multiple testing using false discovery rate (q < 0.1). No such association was seen with fruit intake. A mediation analysis found that 20.00% of the effect of vegetable intake on lymphocyte counts was mediated by one bacterial genus, Collinsella, known to increase with the intake of processed foods and previously associated with fatty liver disease. We further correlated white blood cells to other inflammatory markers including IL6 and GlycA, fasting and post-prandial glucose levels and found a significant relationship between inflammation and diet. Conclusion A habitual diet high in vegetables, but not fruits, is linked to a lower inflammatory profile for white blood cells, and a fifth of the effect is mediated by the genus Collinsella. Trial registration The ClinicalTrials.gov registration identifier is NCT03479866.

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