scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF DEMOCRACY, CORRUPTION AND MILITARY EXPENDITURE ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION: EVIDENCE FROM TOP SIX ASEAN COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-340
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Zandi ◽  
Muhammad Haseeb ◽  
Irwan Shah Zainal Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Statistical Estimations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose of the study: The current study aims to examine the relationship between corruption, democracy, military expenditure and environmental degradation in a panel of six ASEAN countries including Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore and Vietnam using a panel data from 1995 to 2017. Methodology: In addition, the current study is unique in applying the sophisticated methods of panel Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) that have been adopted in several earlier quality research. Main Findings: The results of panel estimations conclude that corruption, military expenditure, and democracy have a noteworthy and significant impact on carbon dioxide emission in ASEAN countries. The results of FMOLS and DOLS confirm that there is a positive and significant impact of military expenditure and corruption on carbon dioxide emission. However, we found a negative and significant impact of democracy on carbon dioxide emission in all selected ASEAN countries. Implications: In general, the consequences of both statistical estimations affirm that corruption, democracy, and military expenditure are the critical and noteworthy determinants of carbon dioxide emission in ASEAN nations.

scholarly journals The Effect of Trade Openness on Carbon Dioxide Emission in Taiwan: A Quantile Mediation Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
The Impact

This paper adopts an innovative method, called a quantile mediation analysis, which combines a quantile regression and mediation analysis to examine the impact of trade openness on carbon dioxide emission whether through economic growth or not from 1990 to 2018 in Taiwan. The result of the traditional ordinary least square approach shows that Taiwan’s trade openness affects carbon dioxide emission through the full mediation effect of economic growth for the period of 1990-2018 and there is no direct relation between trade openness and carbon dioxide emission. Moreover, the results of this innovative analysis indicate that Taiwan’s trade openness also affects carbon dioxide emission through the full mediation effect of economic growth at any distribution of carbon dioxide emission, and there is no direct effect from trade openness to carbon dioxide emission. This result indicates that trade openness only exists an indirect effect through economic growth in Taiwan. This finding supports Antweiler, Copeland and Taylor’s point of view [1].

The Impact of Competitive Quasi-Market on Service Delivery in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Idoko Peter
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
State University ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This research the impact of competitive quasi market on service delivery in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria. Both primary and secondary source of data and information were used for the study and questionnaire was used to extract information from the purposively selected respondents. The population for this study is one hundred and seventy three (173) administrative staff of Benue State University selected at random. The statistical tools employed was the classical ordinary least square (OLS) and the probability value of the estimates was used to tests hypotheses of the study. The result of the study indicates that a positive relationship exist between Competitive quasi marketing in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (CQM) and Transparency in the service delivery (TRSP) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05). Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) has a negative effect on Observe Competence in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (OBCP) and the relationship is not statistically significant (p>0.05). Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) has a positive effect on Innovation in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (INVO) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05) and in line with a priori expectation. This means that a unit increases in Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) will result to a corresponding increase in innovation in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (INVO) by a margin of 22.5%. It was concluded that government monopoly in the provision of certain types of services has greatly affected the quality of service experience in the institution. It was recommended among others that the stakeholders in the market has to be transparent so that the system will be productive to serve the society effectively

scholarly journals The Linkage Among Sea Transport, Trade Liberalization and Industrial Development in the Context of CO2: An Empirical Investigation From China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Kalaycı ◽  
Cihan Özden
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Sea Transportation ◽  
Bound Test

The major goal of this paper is to focus on the linkage between sea transportation, trade liberalization and industrial development in the context of carbon dioxide emission. With this respect, it is attempted to analyze the effects of independent variables on the dependent variable carbon dioxide emission for China by using annual data ranging from 1960 to 2019 with the help of econometric methods such as fully modified least square, dynamic ordinary least square, canonical co-integrating regression, autoregressive distributed lag bound test and generalized moments method. According to the results of fully modified least square, dynamic ordinary least square and canonical co-integrating regression models, there is a significant long-term relationship between sea transportation, trade liberalization, industrial development and carbon dioxide emissions. On the other hand, short term autoregressive distributed lag bound test estimation results reveal that the main determinants of carbon dioxide emission in the short-run are industrial development and sea transportation. The empirical tests reveal important results for policy-makers in China.

scholarly journals Effect of Macroeconomic Variables and Tax Rates on the Six ASEAN Countries Tax Ratio

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Effria Wijayanti Wahyuningsih ◽  
Milla Sepliana Setyowaty
Keyword(s):  
Stable Process ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The Public ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The tax sector supports a stable process of economic growth and the tax ratio is considered an indicator that can be used to assess the performance of the taxation sector. This study examines the impact of macroeconomic and tax rates on the magnitude of the tax ratio in the case of six ASEAN member countries during the period 1998 to 2018. Data processing was performed using panel data regression using the Generalized Least Square (GLS) method with the STATA program. This study has very interesting results because inflation has a significant influence on the level of a country's tax ratio. The relationship between inflation and taxes is said to be positive, so any increase or decrease in inflation will also cause an increase or decrease also in the taxation sector. In other words, inflation and taxes move in the same direction but with different magnitudes. Countries with a stable macroeconomic situation will create greater opportunities for investment and more jobs are created. This will further increase the purchasing power of consumers and assume the tax burden will be easy for the public

scholarly journals Firm's Imperfect Compliance and Pollution Emissions: Theory and Evidence from South Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yu Kun Wang ◽  
Xiaoyong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Carbon emissions exacerbate global climate change. Transitioning away from coal is a cost-effective path to a low-carbon economy. Although many articles have considered the issue of manufacturers' production and emission of pollution. Few papers have discussed the impact of environmental tax and fuel tax on the cost of environmental degradation. This paper seeks to fill this gap by developing a theoretical model to discuss the relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth. Furthermore, in order to support the theoretical results and testify the relationship between carbon emissions and taxation, we take South Africa as a case for discussing the effect of environmental taxation and fuel levy on firms' carbon emissions. We show that the impact of environmental taxes on carbon dioxide emissions is greater than that of fuel taxes on carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, we find that the GDP level of South Africa is on the left of the inflection points of Kuznets Curve. In other words, the current growth of South Africa's economy is at the cost of worsening the environmental degradation.

scholarly journals The analysis of the relationship between CO2 level and economic growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Szira Zoltán ◽  
Bárdos Kinga Ilona ◽  
Alghamdi Hani ◽  
Enkhjav Tumentsetseg ◽  
Erika Varga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

2019 was Earth's second warmest year since 1850. In 2019 the global mean temperature was cooler than in 2016, but warmer than any other year explicitly measured. Consequently, 2016 is still the warmest year in historical observation history. Year-to-year rankings are likely to reflect natural fluctuations in the short term, but the overall pattern remains consistent with a long-term global warming trend. This would be predicted from global warming caused by greenhouse gases, temperature increase across the globe is broadly spread, impacting almost all areas of land and oceans. Climate change" and "global warming" are often used interchangeably but are of distinct significance. Global warming is the long-term heating of the Earth's climate system observed since the pre-industrial period as a result of human activities, mainly the combustion of fossil fuel, which raises the heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in the Earth's air. The term is often used interchangeably with the term climate change, as the latter applies to warming caused both humanly and naturally, and the impact it has on our planet. This is most generally calculated as the average increase in global surface temperature on Earth. Carbon dioxide emission is one of the main reasons for global warming. Since the Industrial Revolution, human sources of carbon dioxide emissions have been growing. Human activities such as the burning of oil, coal and gas, as well as deforestation are the primary cause of the increased carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. In our research, let’s examine the relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide emissions and the GDP/capita in developed and developing countries.

scholarly journals Lending and Cash Required Reserve: Empirical Evidence from Ethiopian Commercial Bank

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitku Malede Yimer
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Credit Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The study was mainly intended to determine the effect of cash required reserve on commercial bank lending in Ethiopia using panel data of eight purposively chosen commercial banks over the period of eleven years (2005 to 2015). The investigation tested the relationship between commercial bank lending and cash required reserve. Eleven years financial data of eight purposively chosen commercial banks were used for analysis purpose. Ordinary least square model was applied to test the impact of predictor variable on commercial bank lending. The result suggests that, there is no significant relationship between commercial bank lending and cash required reserve in Ethiopian commercial. This study suggests that commercial bank have to give less emphasis to cash required reserve because it doesn’t weakens banks credit creation ability and does not leads a bank to be insolvent.

scholarly journals The effect of renewable energy on carbon dioxide emission in Taiwan: Quantile mediation analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 003685042110585
Author(s):  
Tzu-Kuang Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we propose an integrated method, called quantile mediation analysis, which combines quantile regression and mediation analysis, to examine the impact of renewable energy on carbon dioxide emissions, whether connected to or separate from through economic growth, from 1990 to 2018 in Taiwan. The results of this novel approach indicate that Taiwan's renewable energy did not affect carbon dioxide emissions through the mediation effect of economic growth from the period of 1990 to 2018, and that there is only a direct effect from renewable energy to carbon dioxide emissions at any distribution. Moreover, this result is remarkably different from the result of the traditional ordinary least square approach, which shows that Taiwan‘s renewable energy affects carbon dioxide emissions through the partial mediation effect of economic growth. In conclusion, we suggest that the Taiwanese government should increase the use of renewable energy in reducing local and global carbon dioxide emissions.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Farm Size And Productivity In Slovakia

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Ladvenicová ◽  
Silvia Miklovičová
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Regression Framework ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The paper investigates the relationship between farm size and productivity on chosen sample of companies in Slovakia. The impact of farm size in hectares and credits per hectare in euro on the production per hectare are analysed. The ordinary least square (OLS) and fixed effect model (FEM) regression framework confirms the inverse relationship between farm size and productivity. Credits per hectare have positive impact on productivity of farms. The results of the models show increasing returns to scale in Slovak farms.

Democracy and international financial integration in Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Tehseen Jawaid ◽  
Shujaat Abbas ◽  
Shaikh Muhammad Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Financial Integration ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Long Run ◽  
International Financial Integration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between international financial integration (IFI) index and democracy (DEM) in Pakistan by using long-time series data from 1975 to 2013. Design/methodology/approach The IFI index is constructed by principal component analysis. IFI consists of foreign direct investment (FDI), remittances (REM) and external debt (ED), whereas the Polity IV index is used for DEM. Johansen and the autoregressive distributed lag method for cointegration methods are used to find a long run relationship. Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and canonical regression (CR) have been used to find the nature of the relationship. Rolling window analysis has been done to find the year wise coefficients. Findings DOLS, FMOLS, canonical regression CR and cointegration results suggest a significant negative long-run relationship between IFI and DEM in Pakistan. Rolling windows analysis highlights that DEM has improved IFI in Pakistan from 2008 to 2013. Originality/value This study constructs an index for financial integration using principle component analysis on capital inflows, i.e. FDI, REM, ED, to explore the impact of DEM on IFI in Pakistan from 1975 to 2013. This study investigates for the first time ever the relationship between IFI index and DEM in Pakistan.

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