QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA E EXPRESSÃO DE ALFA-AMILASE EM SEMENTES DE MILHO PRODUZIDAS EM CONDIÇÕES DE ESTRESSE SALINO E HÍDRICO

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFAEL PAREIRA DINIZ ◽  
IOLANDA VILELA VON PINHO ◽  
BRUNO DA COSTA PANIAGO ◽  
EDILA VILELA DE REZENDE VON PINHO ◽  
HELOISA OLIVEIRA DOS SANTOS ◽  
...  

RESUMO - Durante o processo de produção de sementes, estresses abióticos como salinidade do solo e déficit hídrico são fatores determinantes e que influenciam no estabelecimento e desenvolvimento uniforme do estande em campo. Nesse sentido, cultivares tolerantes a altas concentrações salinas nestas fases são fundamentais nos programas de melhoramento. Diante disto, objetivou-se com a presente pesquisa verificar a influência da produção de sementes sob condições de estresse hídrico e salino na germinação e no vigor, assim como na atividade da enzima α-amilase em sementes de milho. Para isso, foram conduzidos dois experimentos para a produção de sementes de milho, um em condições de estresse salino e o outro sob condições de déficit hídrico. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos completos casualisados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. As sementes colhidas em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento, determinados pela linha de leite (LL), foram submetidas a análises fisiológicas e de vigor, bem como determinou-se a expressão da enzima α-amilase por eletroforese. Diante dos resultados foi possível concluir que a germinação e o vigor das sementes produzidas em solos com condutividade de 3 dS m-1 não são afetados pela salinidade, e o desenvolvimento das plantas em condições de estresse hídrico e salino não afetou a atividade da enzima α-amilase em sementes colhidas na LL5. Palavras-chave: Zea mays L., eletroforese, estádios de desenvolvimento. PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY AND ALPHA-AMYLASE EXPRESSION OF MAIZE SEEDS IN CONDITIONS OF SALT AND WATER STRESS ABSTRACT - During seed production process, abiotic stresses such as soil salinity and drought are determining factors that influence the establishment and development of uniform stand on the field. Thus, tolerant cultivars to high salt concentrations in these phases are critical in breeding programs. This way, we aimed to investigate seeds production in conditions of water and salt stress on maize seeds germination and vigor as well as the α-amylase enzyme activity. Two experiments were performed for maize seeds production in salt stress conditions and drought. The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement. Seeds harveste at different development stages, determined by milk line (ML), were submitted to vigor and physiological analysis as well as the expression determination of α-amylase enzyme by electrophoreses. With the results it was concluded that both, the seeds germination and vigor produced in soil with conductivity 3 dS m-1, are not affected by salinity, and the plants development in water and salt stress conditions did not affect the activity of α-amylase enzyme in seedsharvested in ML5 maturity stage. Keywords: Zea mays L., electrophoresis, development stages.

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. CIRIO ◽  
M. L. R. Z. C. LIMA

O gênero Aspergillus tem como característica desenvolver-se em sementes e grãos com baixa umidade causando deterioração destes durante armazenamento com efeito na germinação nas sementes e produção de micotoxinas como aflatoxina em grãos, prejudiciais a saúde do homem e dos animais. Para avaliar a eficiência de métodos de detecção para Aspergillus, verificar germinação e umidade das sementes de milho foi feita armazenagem por 270 dias. As avaliações foram ao zero, 90, 150, 210 e 270 dias após armazenamento (DAA) com testes em papel filtro (blotter) e nos meios de batata dextrose ágar ácido (BDA ácido) e ágar suco de tomate mais 6% de cloreto de sódio (AST salino). Como resultados ao zero dia de armazenamento verificou-se ausência de Aspergillus; aos 90 DAA incidências 7,2% em blotter e 1,1% em AST; aos 150 DAA incidências 5,1% em blotter; aos 210 DAA incidências 41,1% em AST, 5,1% no blotter e 3,3% no BDA e aos 270 DAA incidências de 79,7% e 66,2% em blotter e AST que não diferiram estatisticamente entre si e 21% em BDA. A germinação e umidade foram: 98% e 10,8% (dia zero); 93% e 13,4% (90 DAA); 93% e 12,2% (150 DAA); 92% e 14,2% (210 DAA) e 36 % e 12,2 % (270 DAA), respectivamente. Concluiu-se que o meio AST salino mostrou maior eficiência para detectar Aspergillus aos 210 DAA indicando proliferação do gênero durante armazenamento até 270 DAA. A germinação das sementes reduziu-se de 92% para 36% entre 210 e 270 DAA e a umidade variou entre 10,8% e 14,2%, compatível com armazenagem segura. DETECTION METHODS OF Aspergillus GENUS IN CORN SEEDS (Zea mays L.) DURING 270 DAYS STORAGE Abstract The genera Aspergillus has a characteristic to developed in seeds and grains with low humidity causing deterioration during storage with effects on the seeds germination andmicotoxins production as aflatoxin in grains that are harmful to man and animal health. To evaluated the efficiency of detection methods for Aspergillus, to confirm germination and humidity in maize seeds, they were stored for 270 days. The evaluations were at zero, 90, 150, 210 and 270 days after storage (DAS) with the blotter test and in media potato-dextrose-agar (PDA acid) and tomato juice agar plus 6% NaCl (salty TJA). As results at zero day absence of Aspergillus, at 90 DAS incidence 7,2% in blotter and 1,1% in TMA, at 150 DAS incidence 5,1% in blotter; at 210 DAS the incidence 41,1% in TMA, 5,1% in blotter e 3,3% in PDA and at 270 DAS incidence 79,7% and 66,2% in blotter and TMA that didn’t differ statistically and 21% in PDA. Were get germination and humidity 98% and 10,8% (zero day); 93% and 13,4% (90 DAS); 93% and 12,2% (150 DAS); 92% and 14,2% (210 DAS) and 36% and 12,2% (270 DAS) respectively. The conclusions were that the media salty TJA showed higher efficiency to detect Aspergillus at 210 DAS what indicated proliferation of the genera during storage till 270 DAS. The germination reduced from92% to 36% between 210 e 270 DAS and humidity remained between 10,8% and 14,2% compatible with secure storage.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
M. L. Goko ◽  
J. C. Murimwa ◽  
E. Gasura ◽  
J. T. Rugare ◽  
E. Ngadze

A research study was conducted to identify and characterise seed-borne fungal pathogens associated with maize (Zea mays L.) in storage. Seed-borne fungal pathogenic infections of maize were studied using seed samples collected from Gokwe South District in Zimbabwe. The agar plating method using PDA medium was used to detect fungal pathogens on the maize seeds. A total of 150 treatments were used for this experiment, which were replicated three times in a randomised complete block design (RCBD). Analysis of the grain showed the presence of Fusarium moniliforme, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium citrinum, and mostly Aspergillus species, namely, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus tamarii. Significant differences ( p  < 0.05) between treatments were detected for the pathogens. A total of ten samples were used for mycotoxin determination, and all of them were 100% positive with aflatoxin total, zearalenone, fumonisin, and deoxynivalenol (DON) having an average of 0.255 ppb, 2.425 ppb, 2.65 ppb, and 0.07 ppb, respectively. The present study showed that most grain samples are contaminated with different species of fungi with mycotoxigenic potential. The data on the diversity and magnitude of pathogen infection by fungal species will have a significant effect even at the regional level for predicting the extent of pre- and postinfections. Measures to reduce mycotoxin contamination are needed for maize grains.


2011 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shahzad ◽  
K. Witzel ◽  
C. Zörb ◽  
K. H. Mühling
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bhatnagar ◽  
MS Pal

A field experiment was conducted for two years (2007 and 2008) at the G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, to study the productivity, biological efficiency and economics of intercropping in spring maize (Zea mays L.) with sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and urdbean (Vigna mungo L.) under different spatial arrangements. The experiment consisting of ten treatments i.e. three sole crops (maize, sunflower and urdbean), six replacement intercropping system of maize with each sunflower and urdbean in row ratios of 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 and one additive intercropping system of maize with urdbean in row ratios of 1+1 was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The intercropping system of maize with urdbean in row ratio (1+1) was found beneficial over sole cropping of maize and gave the maximum maize-equivalent yield (5847 kg ha-1), land-equivalent ratio (1.36) and net return (Rs.13420 ha-1). Intercropping of maize in replacement arrangement was not productive and advantageous than respective sole crops. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21110 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 26-32 (2014)


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