scholarly journals A Retrospective Study on Risk Factors and Clinical Presentation of Ectopic Pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 15983-15988
Author(s):  
P. Sujata ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Clinical Presentation

scholarly journals A retrospective study of ectopic pregnancy at a tertiary care centre

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Mehta ◽  
Shehla Jamal ◽  
Neerja Goel ◽  
Mayuri Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Tubal Pregnancy ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancies

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a global problem and is the most common life-threatening emergency in early pregnancy leading to significant morbidity and fetal loss. It occurs in variable presentations. The rate of ectopic pregnancies has increased from 0.5% in 1970 to 2% today. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors, treatment, and morbidity and mortality associated with ectopic pregnancy.Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted over a period of three years in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at SMS and R, Greater Noida, UP from Feb 2014 to Jan 2017.A total of 80 patients with ectopic pregnancy were analyzed regarding clinical presentation, risk factors, operative findings and treatment modality.Results: Total number of 80 cases of ectopic pregnancies were admitted during this period against 2645 deliveries representing frequency of 3%. Majority of cases (43.75%) were in the age group of 25-29 years and 41.25% were gravida 4 and above. Risk factors were identifiable in 66.25% of cases. Previous abortion was the most common risk factor (31.25%). The classical triad of amenorrhea, pain abdomen and vaginal bleeding was present in 71.25% of cases. More than half of case (55%) had ruptured tubal pregnancy on admission. Unruptured tubal pregnancy was seen in 10% case. Interestingly we found one rare case of bilateral ectopic pregnancy. Salpingectomy by open method was the mainstay of treatment (86.25%).Conclusions: Ectopic pregnancy is still a major challenge in gynecological practice. In our country most of the cases present late after tubal rupture requiring radical surgical treatment. Early diagnosis and timely intervention in the form of medical treatment or conservative surgery not only reduces maternal morbidity but also preserves future fertility.

scholarly journals Clinical presentation of tubal ectopic pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1148
Author(s):  
Kavitha Garikapati ◽  
M. Parvathi Devi ◽  
N. Alekya Goud
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Expectant Management ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancies

Background: When the fertilized ovum gets implanted at site other than normal position of uterine cavity, it is known as ectopic pregnancy. Incidence of ectopic pregnancy is 1-2% of all reported pregnancies. It is an unmitigated disaster of human production and the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in first trimester with major cause of reduced child bearing potential. It is notorious in its clinical presentation, challenging the attending physician.Methods: women with risk factors, signs and symptoms and with confirmed diagnosis. Women discharged against medical advice. Study population is 50. Retrospective analysis for 3 years (2016-2019). Objectives of this study were to study the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis and changing trends of modern management. Results analysed after entering the information in the excel sheets using descriptive analysisResults: Out of 4940 deliveries, 50 were tubal ectopic pregnancies 1.012%. Women aged 20-25 years were 52%. In our study, multiparous were 68%. Common symptoms were abdominal pain 80.2%, amenorrhea 72%, urine gravindex test positive 92.8%. Etiology was PID 20%, previous ectopic pregnancy 4%, IUCD 4%, LSCS with tubectomy 16%, most common site is ampulla 82%. About 78% were ruptured. Tubal abortions 4%, salpingectomy done in 82%. Laparotomy in 2.43% in hemodynamically unstable. Medical management 8%. Salpingostomy in 4% and expectant management 2%. Morbidity in the form of blood transfusion 23.48%, DIC with ICU admission 2%. No mortality.Conclusions: A high index of clinical suspicion with underlying risk factors may get us early diagnosis for timely intervention.

scholarly journals A study on risk factors and clinical presentation of ectopic pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
Nethra H S ◽  
Praneetha K ◽  
Sreelatha S ◽  
Seema Shyam Bhairi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Clinical Presentation

scholarly journals Coital trauma as seen at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Assumpta Nnenna Nweke ◽  
Johnbosco Ifunanya Nwafor ◽  
Bridget Nkiruka Uche-Nwidagu ◽  
Wendy Chinwe Oliobi ◽  
Malachy Chizoba Onyema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Posterior Fornix ◽  
The Common ◽  
Causes And Risk Factors

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Though pleasurable, coitus may result in morbidity and even mortality. One of such morbidities is coital trauma, a global occurrence that is grossly under reported. This study aimed to determine the causes and risk factors for coital trauma as well as its clinical presentation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a 4 year retrospective study of patients that presented with coital injuries at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki. Data were obtained from patients’ clinical notes using a specially designed proforma. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info<sup>TM </sup>7.2.1.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The majority of women that presented with coital trauma were adolescents (67.9%). Most of them were single (92.9%), nulliparous (89.3%) and had only primary education (57.1%). The commonest cause of coital trauma was rape (75%). The commonest risk factors were inadequate foreplay (57.1%) and coitarche (42.9%). Other risk factors were genital disproportion, pregnancy, puerperium and influence of drugs. The common clinical presentations were vaginal bruises (75%) and vaginal lacerations (64.3%) while the commonest site of injury was the hymen (42.9%) followed by the vulva (35.7%). Other less common sites of injury were the lower vagina and posterior fornix.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Coital trauma is relatively common and young girls are mainly affected. Rape is the major cause while inadequate foreplay and coitarche are the major predisposing factors. </p>

scholarly journals A Clinical Study of Ectopic Pregnancies in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Chittagong, Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Most. Sabina Yeasmin ◽  
M Jalal Uddin ◽  
Enamul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
History Of

Background: Motherhood, an eternal, universal and inherent dream which every woman has. This dream may not always be pleasant and it can involve nightmares. One of this is ectopic pregnancy: A pregnancy which can be life threatening. Aims : 1. To know the age group, parity, gestational age and the risk factors with re-spect to the ectopic pregnancy. 2. To know the clinical presentation of the ectopic pregnancy. 3. To know the treatment and morbidity and mortality associated with ectopic pregnancy.Materials & methods : A total of 47 admitted patients who were di-agnosed as ectopic pregnancy cases were retrospective analyzed between the periods from January 2013 to June 2014 at Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College, Agrabad, Chittagong. The following parameters: age, parity, gestational age, risk factors, clinical presentation, need for blood transfusion and findings on ultrasonogram and at surgery and morbidity associated with ectopic pregnancy were noted.Results: The incidence of the ectopic pregnancy in the pres-ent study was 7.4/1000 deliveries. A majority of the cases were multigravidas and majority of the cases gestational age were six to ten weeks. In most of the cases, there were no identifiable risk factors. The commonest risk factors present were history of MR (12.7 %)and abortion (10.6), history of tubal surgery (2.2%), infertility (2.2%) and pelvic inflammatory diseases (4.2%).The commonest symptoms were abdominal pain (89.3%), amenorrhea (78.7%) and abnormal vaginal bleeding (63.5%); and commonest signs were abdominal tenderness (70.5%), cervical excitation (52.6%) and adnexal tenderness (50.4%). Almost half (45%) were in a state of shock at admission. Ultrasound, a urine pregnancy test and serum B-hCG were the investigative modalities which were used. Surgery by open method in the form of salpingectomy (92.3%), salpingo-oophorectomy (5.5%) and salpingostomy (2.1%) were the mainstay of management. Morbidity included anemia (50.9%), blood transfusion (78%) and wound infection (2.1%). No maternal mortality noted.Conclusion: Early diagnosis, identifying of underlying risk factors and timely intervention in the form of conservative or surgical treatment will help in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with ectopic pregnancy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i3.20993  

Ectopic Pregnancy - A 1 Year Clinical Study in King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (27) ◽  
pp. 2457-2461
Author(s):  
Vamsi Mudadla ◽  
Shyamala Kaitala ◽  
Satyavani Nandigama
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
High Index ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Obstetric Emergency ◽  
King George Hospital ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

BACKGROUND Ruptured ectopic is a life threatening obstetric emergency. Obstetrician must have a high index of suspicion for ectopic pregnancy and should be aware of importance of early diagnosis and early intervention. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors, treatment and morbidity associated with ectopic pregnancy. METHODS Retrospective analysis of ectopic pregnancy was done in King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam from January 2020 to December 2020 in the department of OBG. The following parameters: Age, risk factors, clinical presentation, site of ectopic, diagnostic methods, mode of treatment were noted. RESULTS A total of 63 cases were reported during this time frame. It is a tertiary care centre getting referrals from nearby districts and other hospitals. Incidence of ectopic pregnancy in the present study is 0.89 %. 41.26 % of patients belonged to age group between 26 to 30 years. Out of 63 cases 49.20 % were multigravida. 28 % of the cases were associated with previous H/O abortions and 23 % of the cases were associated with PID and in 17.4 % of the cases there was no predisposing factors. 96.82 % the patients presented with pain abdomen. Shock in 34.92 % of the cases. Ampulla is the most common site of ectopic. In 76 % of the cases there was hemoperitoneum > 500 ml. Salpingectomy was done in 79.3 % cases. 84 % of cases required blood transfusion > 1 unit. There was no mortality. CONCLUSIONS Ectopic pregnancy is one of the obstetric emergency with significant morbidity and mortality. PID and post abortal sepsis are one of the important risk factors for ectopic pregnancy. As many patients may not have recognizable risk factors, a high index of suspicion is critical for early diagnosis. Early USG diagnosis of ectopic pregnancies reduces mortality and enables us to offer the patient conservative medical and surgical treatment. KEYWORDS Ectopic Pregnancy, TVS, Ampulla, Salpingectomy

Acute diverticulitis in the young: a 5-year retrospective study of risk factors, clinical presentation and complications

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1158-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Shah ◽  
A. Malhotra ◽  
B. Patel ◽  
R. Spira ◽  
J. R. DePasquale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Acute Diverticulitis

scholarly journals Analysis of various types of ectopic pregnancies: a five-year review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2410
Author(s):  
Maheswari S. ◽  
Poornima C. ◽  
Lalitha N. ◽  
Seetha Panicker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Pelvic Surgery ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancies

Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a common, life threatening emergency during the first trimester and a significant cause for maternal morbidity and mortality. In any woman of reproductive age presenting with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding, ectopic pregnancy should be considered. The objectives of the present study is to determine the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, type of ectopic pregnancy, treatment, morbidity and mortality.Methods: Retrospective analysis of case sheets of patients admitted with ectopic pregnancy at PSGIMSR, Coimbatore during the period July 2011 to June 2016 was done. The details noted were age, parity, risk factors {previous abortion, previous EP, previous pelvic surgery, intrauterine contraceptive device, tubectomy, history of pelvic inflammatory disease}, treatment for infertility, clinical presentation, ultrasound findings, investigations including beta HCG value and hemoglobin level, treatment offered, need for blood transfusion, operative findings and morbidity.Results: During the five year, there were 12,407 deliveries at our hospitals and 88 cases of ectopic pregnancies were managed. The incidence is 6.6/1000 deliveries. Among them 44% belonged to the age group of 25-30 years and multi gravida were 73.8%. Most common risk factors were previous abortion (23.8%) and previous surgeries including caesarean section, tubectomy, appendicectomy, tubal microsurgery (23.8%). Most common presentation was pain abdomen (85.2%). Out of the 88 cases, 73 patients were managed surgically (82.9%) and 11 cases were managed successfully with methotrexate (12.5%). Three of them underwent conservative management and one had Uterine Artery Embolization.Conclusions: Early diagnosis based on risk factors and timely intervention plays a main role in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with ectopic pregnancy.

scholarly journals Incidence and clinical profile of ectopic pregnancies in a tertiary hospital; A two-year Retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Sonam Gyamtsho ◽  
Karma Tenzin ◽  
Tshering Choeda ◽  
Karma Lhaden ◽  
Tandin Om
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancies

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy is an emergency and a life-threatening condition which is an important cause of major maternal morbidity and mortality. This study was designed to determine incidence, common identified risk factors, clinical presentations, management, morbidity and mortality due to ectopic pregnancy at the national referral hospital in Thimphu, Bhutan. Methods: This was a retrospective study of all cases of ectopic pregnancies for a period of two years from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2019. Socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors, clinical presentations, investigations and mode of treatments were extracted. Simple descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, mean and range were utilised. Results: There were 9603 pregnant women admitted for delivery, out of which 122 were ectopic pregnancies. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 12.7/1000 pregnancies. Majority of them were in the age group of 21-30 years and 32.69% of the affected were nulliparous. While Pelvic inflammatory disease was seen in 41.35%, 20.19% were unmarried. Abdominal pain, amenorrhea, and vaginal bleeding were the most common symptoms. Among the ectopic pregnancies, 99.5% were diagnosed with ultrasound. A total of 94.23% had undergone surgical intervention, of which only 1% had laparoscopic surgery. No maternal mortality had occurred. Conclusions: Women with past history of pelvic inflammatory disease, previous miscarriage, unmarried, and nulliparous presenting with history of amenorrhea, abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding should be a high index of suspicion for ectopic pregnancy. Timely diagnosis and intervention in the form of surgical or medical management will reduced the morbidity and mortality due to ectopic pregnancy.

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