scholarly journals To Study the Prevalence of Convergence Insufficiency: A Hospital Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Sakshi Sahni ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Convergence Insufficiency

Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial – Attention and Reading Trial (CITT-ART): Design and Methods

2015 ◽  
pp. 214-228 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Treatment Trial ◽  
Additional Hypothesis ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency

Objective: To describe the design and methodology of the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial: Attention and Reading Trial (CITT-ART), the first randomized clinical trial evaluating the effect of vision therapy on reading and attention in school-age children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency (CI). Methods: CITT-ART is a multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of 324 children ages 9 to 14 years in grades 3 to 8 with symptomatic CI. Participants are randomized to 16 weeks of office-based vergence/accommodative therapy (OBVAT) or placebo therapy (OBPT), both supplemented with home therapy. The primary outcome measure is the change in the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-Version 3 (WIAT-III) reading comprehension subtest score. Secondary outcome measures are changes in attention as measured by the Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention (SWAN) as reported by parents and teachers, tests of binocular visual function, and other measures of reading and attention. The long-term effects of treatment are assessed 1 year after treatment completion. All analyses will test the null hypothesis of no difference in outcomes between the two treatment groups. The study is entering its second year of recruitment. The final results will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between the treatment of symptomatic CI and its effect on reading and attention. Conclusion: The study will provide an evidence base to help parents, eye professionals, educators, and other health care providers make informed decisions as they care for children with CI and reading and attention problems. Results may also generate additional hypothesis and guide the development of other scientific investigations of the relationships between visual disorders and other developmental disorders in children.

Vision and Reading Deficits in Post-Concussion Patients: A Retrospective Analysis

2015 ◽  
pp. 206-213
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Reading Deficits ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
Return To Learn ◽  
Vision Deficits ◽  
Accommodative Facility

The prevalence of vision deficits in the pediatric/young adult concussion population in the private optometric practice setting remains unknown. Thus, a retrospective chart review in this area was conducted in the practice of the first author. Twenty-five consecutive patients with a medical diagnosis of concussion received a comprehensive vision and ocular health examination, which also included an objectively-based Visagraph reading assessment and clinical vergence/accommodative facility testing. Three primary categories of oculomotor-based deficits were found: convergence insufficiency (56%), accommodative insufficiency (76%), and oculomotor-based reading dysfunctions (68-82%). The most common symptom was headaches (84%), with 25% of the symptoms related to reading. 68% (15/22) were categorized as reading at least 2 grade levels below their current school grade level for reading eye movements based on the Visagraph findings. These overall findings are consistent with the general oculomotor-based/reading findings in the concussion/mTBI literature. The present results have important practical ramifications regarding the importance of preconcussion baseline oculomotor and Visagraph testing, as well as post-concussion follow-up testing, to help assess a student’s ability to return-to-learn (RTL).

Vision Therapy’s Role in Basic Intermittent Exotropia: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-73
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Option ◽  
Intermittent Exotropia ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
Hispanic Male ◽  
Vision Therapy ◽  
Accommodative Function

Introduction: Vision therapy has been shown to be a successful treatment option for basic intermittent exotropia as long as a complete workup is performed to assess prognosis and appropriate management. Case Presentation: A 9 year old hispanic male presented to the clinic for a comprehensive exam and was subsequently diagnosed with a basic type intermittent exotropia with a V-pattern deviation. After thorough evaluation of binocular skills and accommodative function with a binocular vision evaluation, he was referred for a vision therapy program to improve fusional ranges, accommodative function, and symptoms. This program consisted of 20 sessions and significantly improved his binocular skills. Discussion: Basic intermittent exotropia can be treated in various ways. Vision Therapy is a worthwhile option. Surgical correction and overminus treatment have also been effective treatments. Assessment should include the intermittent exotropia control scale and the convergence insufficiency symptom survey. Vision therapy treatments focus on diplopia awareness, antisuppression, and fusional vergence ranges. Conclusion: Though more research is necessary, vision therapy has been proven to be a very effective treatment option in basic intermittent exotropia.

Convergence insufficiency in brain-injured patients

Brain Injury ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cohen ◽  
Z. Groswasser ◽  
R. Barchadski ◽  
A. Appel
Keyword(s):  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Injured Patients

The Relationship Between Convergence Insufficiency and School Achievement

1979 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACQUES E. LÉTOURNEAU ◽  
NICOLE LAPIERRE ◽  
ANNE LAMONT
Keyword(s):  
School Achievement ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Exophoria: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment. The modern view on the problem. Literature review

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
O.A. Lipunova ◽  
◽  
I.L. Plisov ◽  
V.V. Cherhykh ◽  
N.G. Antsiferova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Type A ◽  
The State ◽  
Type A Pattern ◽  
Direct Gaze ◽  
Modern View ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
Horizontal Type ◽  
Type V ◽  
Gaze Position

Purpose. Create a summary classification of exophoria. To propose an optimal algorithm for optometric and surgical methods of treatment. A modern view of the problem. It is optimal to subdivide exophoria according to the state of the vergent-duction balance into divergence excess, basic exophoria, convergence insufficiency, divergence pseudo-excess, lateral gaze incomitance. By the degree of compensation for compensated, subcompensated, uncompensated, decompensated. In combination with alphabetic pattern for exophoria without pattern, exophoria in combination with horizontal type A pattern, exophoria in combination with vertical type A pattern, exophoria in combination with horizontal type V pattern, exophoria in combination with vertical type V pattern. Features of optimal optical and prismatic correction depend on the state of the vergent-duction balance. In cases of exophoria without pattern surgical treatment is carried out during the transition from a state of subcompensation to non-compensation. In case of exophoria with horizontal-type alphabetical pattern, combined horizontal-transpositional surgery is optimal: elimination of exophoria, the protocol is based on the amount of deviation in the direct gaze position; elimination of the pattern, the protocol is based on vertical transposition of muscles of horizontal action. In cases of exophoria with vertical-type pattern, it is necessary to perform staged vertical-horizontal surgery: stage 1 – elimination of vertical heterotropy in adduction; stage 2 – elimination of exophoria (the protocol is based on the amount of deviation in the direct gaze position). Conclusions. The treatment protocol should be based on a reliably diagnosed diagnosis and consists at the pre-surgical stage in the optimal optical and prismatic correction, the appointment of orthopto-diplopto-prismatic treatment. The effectiveness of treatment is assessed by the dynamics of the disease: the magnitude of exodeviation and the stage of compensation. The protocol of surgical treatment must be reasonable and timely. Key words: exophoria, divergence excess, convergence insufficiency, basic exotropia, lateral gaze incomitance, alphabet pattern.

Parkinson's disease and convergence insufficiency: a mini-review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Mashael Al-Namaeh
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
Eye Examination ◽  
The Relationship

Background: A key manifestation of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is visual impairment. Cognitive impairment has been found to overlap with convergence insufficiency (CI) in patients with PD and is associated with significantly greater near point convergence (NPC) distance. Difficulty in reading and diplopia were the most common symptoms of CI in PD. The prevalence of CI is greater among patients with PD. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relationship between PD and CI. Methods: Studies that had included data on CI, NPC, or both were selected by searching PubMed/MEDLINE and clinicaltrails.gov, without any timeline or language limitation. The following terms were used in PubMed/MEDLINE search: ‘Clinical Trials’, ‘Parkinson’s Disease’, and ‘Convergence Insufficiency’. For clinical trials.gov database, the terms ‘Parkinson’s Disease’, ‘Convergence Insufficiency’, and ‘Completed Studies’ were used. Only those studies with control subjects were included. PubMed/MEDLINE search yielded 1,563 articles, but no article was found in the clinical trails.gov search. Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria, among which nine articles were selected as they had data on CI or NPC distance (cm), and PD.   Results: Overall, there were 1,563 articles; among them, 12 articles met the inclusion criteria. Nine articles were selected based on their data concerning CI or NPC distance (cm) and PD. Relative to the control group, the PD group had high CI. In addition, PD group showed increase in NPC distance than the control group. Conclusions: These data suggest that the patients with PD had an increased likelihood of developing CI visual symptoms, and increased NPC distance than healthy controls. These findings indicate that regular eye examination is very important for patients with PD.

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