Changes in the clinical symptoms of fibrocystic mastopathy during monotherapy with transdermal micronized progesterone: results of the BREAST-2 multicenter open prospective cohort study

ObjectivesThe risk of viral transmission associated with contact sports such as football (soccer) during the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the infective and immune status of professional football players, team staff and league officials over a truncated football season resumed at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in a country with high infection rates and to investigate the clinical symptoms related to COVID-19 infection in professional football players.MethodsProspective cohort study of 1337 football players, staff and officials during a truncated football season (9 weeks) with a tailored infection control programme based on preventive measures and regular SARS-CoV-2 PCR swab testing (every 3–5 days) combined with serology testing for immunity (every 4 weeks). Clinical symptoms in positive participants were recorded using a 26-item, Likert-Scale-based scoring system.ResultsDuring the study period, 85 subjects returned positive (cycle threshold (cT) ≤30) or reactive (30<cT<40) PCR tests, of which 36 were players. The infection rate was consistent with that of the general population during the same time period. More than half of infected subjects were asymptomatic, and the remaining had only mild symptoms with no one requiring hospitalisation. Symptom severity was associated with lower cT values. Social contacts and family were the most common sources of infection, and no infection could be traced to training or matches. Of the 36 infected players, 15 presented positive serology during the study period.ConclusionFootball played outdoors involving close contact between athletes represents a limited risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe illness when preventive measures are in place.

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Relationship Between The Appropriateness of Antibiotic Treatment and Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Community-Acquired Acute Pyelonephritis: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-783477/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Choseok Yoon ◽

Se Yoon Park ◽

Bongyoung Kim ◽

Ki Tae Kwon ◽

Seong-yeol Ryu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Acute Pyelonephritis ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Medical Costs ◽

Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Multicenter Prospective Cohort

Abstract Background Inappropriate use of antibiotics not only increases antibiotic resistance as collateral damage but also increases clinical failure rates and medical costs. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the appropriateness of antibiotic prescription and clinical outcomes of community-acquired acute pyelonephritis (CA-APN). Methods A multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted at eight hospitals in Korea between September 2017 and August 2018. All hospitalized patients aged ≥ 19 years who were diagnosed with CA-APN on admission were recruited. The appropriateness of empirical and definitive antibiotics, as well as the appropriateness of antibiotic treatment duration and route of administration, was evaluated. Clinical outcomes were compared between patients who were administered antibiotics ‘appropriately’ and ‘inappropriately.’ Results A total of 397 and 318 patients were eligible for the analysis of the appropriateness of empirical and definitive antibiotics, respectively. Of them, 10 (2.5%) and 18 (5.7%) were administered ‘inappropriately’ empirical and definitive antibiotics, respectively. Of the 119 patients whose use of both empirical and definitive antibiotics was classified as ‘optimal,’ 57 (47.9%) received antibiotics over a longer duration than that recommended; 67 (56.3%) did not change to oral antibiotics on day 7 of hospitalization, even after stabilization of the clinical symptoms. Patients who were administered empirical antibiotics ‘appropriately’ had shorter hospitalization days (9 vs. 12.5 days, P = 0.014) and lower medical costs (2,332.7 vs. 4,531.2 USD, P = 0.007) than those who were administered them ‘inappropriately.’ Similar findings were observed for patients administered both empirical and definitive antibiotics ‘appropriately’ and those administered either empirical or definitive antibiotics ‘inappropriately’ Conclusions Appropriate use of antibiotics leads to better clinical outcomes, including reduced hospitalization duration and medical costs.

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Resuming professional football (soccer) during the COVID-19 pandemic in a country with high infection rates: A prospective cohort study

10.1101/2020.11.17.20233023 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yorck Olaf Schumacher ◽

Montassar Tabben ◽

Khalid Hassoun ◽

Asmaa Al Marwani ◽

Ibrahim Al Hussain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Football Players ◽

Professional Football ◽

Infection Rates ◽

High Infection

AbstractObjectivesThe risk of viral transmission associated with contact sports such as football (soccer) during the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the infective and immune status of professional football players, team staff and league officials over a truncated football season resumed at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in a country with high infection rates and to investigate the clinical symptoms related to COVID-19 infection in professional football players.MethodsProspective cohort study of 1337 football players, staff and officials during a truncated football season (9 weeks) with a tailored infection control program based on preventive measures and regular SARS-CoV-2 PCR swab testing (every 3-5 days) combined with serology testing for immunity (every 4 weeks). Clinical symptoms in positive participants were recorded using a 26-item, Likert-scale-based scoring system.ResultsDuring the study period, 85 subjects returned positive (cycle threshold (cT)≤30) or reactive (30<cT<40) PCR tests, of which 36 were players. The infection rate was consistent with that of the general population during the same time period. More than half of infected subjects were asymptomatic, and the remaining had only mild symptoms with no one requiring hospitalization. Symptom severity was associated with lower cT values. Social contacts and family were the most common sources of infection, and no infection could be traced to training or matches. Of the 36 infected players, 15 presented positive serology during the study period.ConclusionFootball played outdoors involving close contact between athletes represents a limited risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe illness when preventive measures are in place.

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