Pharmacological action and clinical use of the citicoline: a review of experimental data and clinical studies

Pharmateca ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13_2019 ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
M.E. Sergienko Sergienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Clinical Use

scholarly journals Noradrenergic Function and Depression, Too Much or Too Little?

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Maas ◽  
Y. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Noradrenergic Function

SUMMARY:Antithetical hypotheses as to CNS noradrenergic function in depressed patients can be constructed from results of pharmacological studies of the effects of antidepressant drugs. The experimental data supporting each of these opposing propositions is briefly reviewed in this paper. Finally, the results of clinical studies of noradrenergic function in depressed patients are noted and discussed in terms of these disparate hypotheses.

scholarly journals Neridronate: From Experimental Data to Clinical Use

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1179559X1773297
Author(s):  
Addolorata Corrado ◽  
Ripalta Colia ◽  
Francesco Paolo Cantatore
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Clinical Use

scholarly journals Improving Reporting of Clinical Studies Using the POSEIDON Criteria: POSORT Guidelines

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro C. Esteves ◽  
Alessandro Conforti ◽  
Sesh K. Sunkara ◽  
Luigi Carbone ◽  
Silvia Picarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Quality Of Reporting ◽  
Study Designs

The POSEIDON (Patient-Oriented Strategies Encompassing IndividualizeD Oocyte Number) criteria were developed to help clinicians identify and classify low-prognosis patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) and provide guidance for possible therapeutic strategies to overcome infertility. Since its introduction, the number of published studies using the POSEIDON criteria has increased steadily. However, a critical analysis of existing evidence indicates inconsistent and incomplete reporting of critical outcomes. Therefore, we developed guidelines to help researchers improve the quality of reporting in studies applying the POSEIDON criteria. We also discuss the advantages of using the POSEIDON criteria in ART clinical studies and elaborate on possible study designs and critical endpoints. Our ultimate goal is to advance the knowledge concerning the clinical use of the POSEIDON criteria to patients, clinicians, and the infertility community.

scholarly journals Determinants of spironolactone binding specificity in the mineralocorticoid receptor

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
FM Rogerson ◽  
YZ Yao ◽  
BJ Smith ◽  
N Dimopoulos ◽  
PJ Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Binding Specificity ◽  
Binding Pocket ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Ligand Binding Pocket ◽  
Binding Domains

Spironolactone is a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist in clinical use. The compound has a very low affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Determinants of binding specificity of spironolactone to the MR were investigated using chimeras created between the ligand-binding domains (LBDs) of the MR and the GR. These chimeras had previously been used to investigate aldosterone binding specificity to the MR. Spironolactone was able to compete strongly for [(3)H]-aldosterone and [(3)H]-dexamethasone binding to a chimera containing amino acids 804-874 of the MR, and weakly for [(3)H]-dexamethasone binding to a chimera containing amino acids 672-803 of the MR. Amino acids 804-874 were also critical for aldosterone binding specificity. Models of the MR LBD bound to aldosterone and spironolactone were created based on the crystal structure of the progesterone receptor LBD. The ligand-binding pocket of the MR LBD model consisted of 23 amino acids and was predominantly hydrophobic in nature. Analysis of this model in light of the experimental data suggested that spironolactone binding specificity is not governed by amino acids in the ligand-binding pocket.

scholarly journals XVI.—Strophanthus hispidus: its Natural History, Chemistry, and Pharmacology

1892 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Important Position

In former papers on the pharmacological action of Strophanthus, dating from 1869, I selected for description, from the considerable number of experiments that had been made, merely those experiments which sufficed to illustrate the general features of the action, and especially such effects as seemed likely to form a basis for the application of Strophanthus to the treatment of disease.I had intended to have followed, at no distant date, these preliminary and somewhat fragmentary notices by a more complete description of the pharmacological action, for which, indeed, nearly all the required experimental data had several years ago been obtained; but unavoidable circumstances prevented this intention from being fulfilled. In this part of the present paper the fuller description will be given; and if any excuse were required for doing so, it may perhaps be found in the circumstance that the anticipation of the therapeutic value of Strophanthus has been amply confirmed by the important position now occupied by it as a therapeutic agent.

scholarly journals Introduction to the National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator (NCITA): a UK-wide infrastructure for multicentre clinical translation of cancer imaging biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. McAteer ◽  
J. P. B. O’Connor ◽  
D. M. Koh ◽  
H. Y. Leung ◽  
S. J. Doran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Integration ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Cancer Imaging ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Ongoing Training ◽  
Training Programmes

SummaryThe National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator (NCITA) is creating a UK national coordinated infrastructure for accelerated translation of imaging biomarkers for clinical use. Through the development of standardised protocols, data integration tools and ongoing training programmes, NCITA provides a unique scalable infrastructure for imaging biomarker qualification using multicentre clinical studies.

scholarly journals Clinical Progress on Management of Pneumonia Due to COVID-19 With Chinese Traditional Patent Medicines

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wu ◽  
Ping Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Oral Solution ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
The Public ◽  
Patent Medicines ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Patent ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Chinese And English

Background: The outbreak of new coronavirus has tremendously threatened the public health system worldwide, including China. Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) have greatly contributed to the prevention and treatment of this viral infection, as well as the recovery of patients with COVID-19 infection. Therefore, numerous experts and guidelines recommend to take CPMs to treat pneumonia due to COVID-19.Aim of the Study: The present study reviewed CPMs recommended by the < Guidelines for diagnosis and management of COVID-19 (8th edition)> regarding evidence of their efficacy from clinical studies and the underlying mechanisms, which will lay the foundation for clinical use of these CPMs for COVID-19.Methods: The composition, efficacy, indications, history of use, and relevant clinical research on 14 recommended CPMs, including Huoxiangzhengqi capsules (pills, liquid, oral solution), Jinhuaqinggan granules, Lianhuaqingwen capsules (granules), Shufengjiedu capsules, Xiyanping injections, Xuebijing injections, Reduning injections, Tanreqing injections, Xingnaojing injections, Shenfu injections, Shengmai injections, Angongniuhuang pills, Suhexiang pills, were searched in both Chinese and English databases based on differences in stages of the disease and manifestations of such patients. Advantages of these CPMs over conventional treatments and their underlying mechanisms were explored by analyzing results from published articles and undergoing clinical trials.Results: Findings from clinical studies and Chinese experience in using these CPMs showed that CPMs, when used in combination with conventional treatments, were effective in managing COVID-19 with few side effects.Conclusion: CPMs have excellent efficacy in managing COVID-19 with a great potential for clinical use.

scholarly journals Duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding in faeces as a parameter for wastewater-based epidemiology: Re-analysis of patient data using a shedding dynamics model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuminari Miura ◽  
Masaaki Kitajima ◽  
Ryosuke Omori
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBackgroundWastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is one of the most promising approaches to effectively monitor the spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus concentration in faeces and its temporal variations are essential information for WBE. While some clinical studies have reported severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) concentrations in faeces, the value varies amongst patients and changes over time.AimThe present study aimed to examine how the temporal variations in the concentration of virus in faeces affect the monitoring of disease incidence. We re-analysed the experimental findings of clinical studies to estimate the duration of virus shedding and the faecal virus concentration.MethodAvailable experimental data as of 23 October, 2020 were collected and patient data reported in Germany were included for further analysis. The viral shedding kinetics was modelled, and the dynamic model was fitted to the collected experimental data by a Bayesian framework. Using samples of posterior distributions, the duration of viral shedding and the concentration of virus copies in faeces over time were computed.ResultsWe estimated the median concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in faeces as 2.6 (95% Credible Interval (CrI): 0.22–4.8) log copies per gram (g) of faeces over the shedding period, and our model implied that the duration of viral shedding was 23.2 days (95% CrI: 19.5–31.5), given the current standard quantification limit (Ct = 40). With simulated incidences, our results also indicated that a one-week delay between symptom onset and wastewater sampling increased the estimation of incidence by 13.5%.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that the temporal variation in virus concentration in faeces affects microbial monitoring systems such as WBE. The present study also implied the need for adjusting the estimates of virus concentration in faeces by incorporating the kinetics of unobserved concentrations. The method used in this study is easily implemented in further simulations; therefore, the results of this study might contribute to enhancing disease surveillance and risk assessments that require quantities of virus to be excreted into the environment.

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