scholarly journals Noradrenergic Function and Depression, Too Much or Too Little?

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Maas ◽  
Y. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Noradrenergic Function

SUMMARY:Antithetical hypotheses as to CNS noradrenergic function in depressed patients can be constructed from results of pharmacological studies of the effects of antidepressant drugs. The experimental data supporting each of these opposing propositions is briefly reviewed in this paper. Finally, the results of clinical studies of noradrenergic function in depressed patients are noted and discussed in terms of these disparate hypotheses.

scholarly journals Malfunction in GABA and Glutamate as Pathways to Depression: A Review of the Evidence

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. CMT.S3481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher F Sharpley
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Neurotransmitter Systems ◽  
Antidepressant Medications ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Few Data

With nearly one fifth of the population experiencing depression sometime during their lives, plus the recent finding that depression rivals smoking in its association with mortality, the search for effective pharmacological treatments for depression remains urgent. However, despite this heavy disease burden upon society, the various waves of antidepressants developed in the last 40 years have shown significant side effects and little specific efficacy over placebo. One potential treatment may be via re-establishment of glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems that have been shown to malfunction in depressed patients. The literature describing possible causal links between GABA and/or glutamate malfunction and depression is reviewed, plus those studies which provide experimental data to confirm this hypothesis. While there is plausible support for the links between malfunction of these neurotransmitters and depression, few data exist yet regarding development of effective antidepressant medications based upon these findings.

Antidepressant Drugs and Migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Martucci ◽  
V Manna ◽  
A Agnoli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Antidepressant Activity

There is evidence that some antidepressant drugs, above all amitriptyline and mianserine, are beneficial in the prophylaxis of migraine. The mechanism of action of antidepressants in migraine is likely to be complex. Mood disturbances accompanying migraine syndromes suggest a mode of action of such a class of drugs. In the last few years some clinical studies tend to show that the antimigraine effects of these drugs seem relatively independent of the antidepressant activity.

Low Plasma Thyroid Indices of Depressed Patients are Attenuated by Antidepressant Drugs and Influence Treatment Outcome

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 (05) ◽  
pp. 180-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Rao ◽  
S. Ruhrmann ◽  
Barbara Retey ◽  
N. Liappis ◽  
J. Fuger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Depressed Patients

Urinary-free cortisol in depressed patients and controls: relationship to urinary indices of noradrenergic function

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec Roy ◽  
Markku Linnoila ◽  
Farouk Karoum ◽  
David Pickar
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Free Cortisol ◽  
Noradrenergic System ◽  
Vanillylmandelic Acid ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Noradrenergic Function ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Normal Controls

SynopsisWe measured urinary outputs of urinary-free cortisol in 28 medication-free depressed patients and 32 normal controls. Depressed patients had significantly greater urinary outputs of urinary-free cortisol than controls. Also, there were significant correlations among depressed patients, but not among controls, between urinary-free cortisol and urinary outputs of norepinephrine and its metabolite vanillylmandelic acid (VMA). These urinary data extend recent findings suggesting that dysregulation of both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and noradrenergic system occur together in depression.

scholarly journals Generalized data of criteria of risk factors for the use of the drug torasemide from the materials of its preclinical studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Anisimova ◽  
Natalia O. Selizarova ◽  
Grigory A. Plisko ◽  
Evgeny D. Semivelichenko ◽  
Svetlana M. Napalkova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Search For Information ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

This study presents the review and analysis of materials, the summary of the data on the results of experimental (preclinical) pharmacological studies of the drug Torasemide and the results of clinical studies of the original drug Demadex, based on risk factors influencing the outcomes of hypertension in people. The information on the efficacy and safety of the drugs based on Torasemide is also presented in the relevant sections of the article. The search for information sources for the review was carried out using domestic and international databases elibrary and PubMed, applying contextual queries, including international non-proprietary names, terms of preclinical studies of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and animal species used. This review considers the aspects of safety, pharmacokinetics, primary and secondary pharmacodynamics of Torasemide, available in various sources describing its preclinical studies. The summarized data presented in the study, in our opinion, may be used by researchers who are engaged in preclinical and clinical studies, as well as the issues of studying the efficacy and safety of generic drugs used in the treatment of patients with arterial hypertension and other cardiovascular pathology. The information on the advantages of Torasemide in comparison with Furosemide in the treatment of animals with simulated arterial hypertension deserves special consideration.

Serotonergic Dysfunction in Depression

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (S8) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Meltzer
Keyword(s):  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Plasma Tryptophan ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Serotonergic Function ◽  
Neuroendocrine Challenge

Various irregularities in serotonin (5-HT) function have been postulated as causes of affective disorders. Serotonin has been related to many of the major symptoms of depression, e.g. mood, appetite, sleep, activity, and cognitive dysfunction. Interference with 5-HT synthesis or storage has been shown to induce depression in vulnerable individuals. Decreased levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in cerebrospinal fluid, decreased plasma tryptophan, low tryptophan neutral amino acid ratio, abnormalities in serotonergic function indicated by neuroendocrine challenge tests and various platelet measures, have been reported in depressed patients. Concentrations of 5-HIAA, the major metabolite of 5-HT in plasma, were found to be significantly negatively correlated with severity of depression as measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score and specific depressive symptoms, despite the fact that plasma 5-HIAA is largely peripheral in origin. Blood platelets, which have been suggested as models for serotonergic nerve terminals, have a significantly decreased number of 5-HT uptake sites and 3H-imipramine binding sites in depressed patients. Antidepressant drugs may act, in part, by enhancing serotonergic activity. The serotonergic deficit may occur at any of several levels: diminished availability of precursor, impaired activity of tryptophan hydroxylase, abnormalities in 5-HT release or uptake, 5-HT receptor abnormalities or interactions with other neurotransmitters.

Efficacy of Continuation ECT and Antidepressant Drugs Compared to Long-Term Antidepressants Alone in Depressed Patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 157 (12) ◽  
pp. 1960-1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard G. Gagné ◽  
Martin J. Furman ◽  
Linda L. Carpenter ◽  
Lawrence H. Price
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Depressed Patients

Maprotiline — a Double-Blind Study of a New Tetracyclic Antidepressant in Severe Depression

1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Tetracyclic Antidepressant

A double-blind study was carried out comparing the antidepressant properties of maprotiline (a new tetracyclic antidepressant) and amitriptyline. Twenty-one hospitalized severely depressed patients, selected on the basis of clinical and psychometric criteria, completed the trial period of 28 days. The new drug was found to have an order of effectiveness similar to that of amitriptyline and both drugs were effective in agitated as well as retarded forms of depression. For both, the “day of effect”, intended as the timing of sharp clinical improvement, tended to occur during the second week of treatment. Both drugs were well tolerated by most patients but one of the maprotiline patients presented a generalized rash which resolved after discontinuation of the drug. In conclusion, maprotiline is seen as an interesting addition to the group of major antidepressant drugs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document