scholarly journals Evasion of Law as a Form of Civil Right Abuse in Carrying out of Major and Interested Party Transactions

JURIST ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Pavel V. Batora ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-371
Author(s):  
Юлия Перова ◽  
Julia Perova
Keyword(s):  

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-505
Author(s):  
Mladen Lisanin

Due to turbulent circumstances and controversial heritage in regard to the breakup of ex-Yugoslavia, regional position of Serbia is, within academic as well as the wider public, most often observed in the context of its relations with the ?new? neighbors - the states that have emerged from the breakup of the former common country. This is in part because of constant tensions in the relations with ex-Yugoslav states, but also due to the political agenda of Western actors, which sets the framework for regional integration processes through the concept of ?Western Balkans?. Foreign policy relations of Serbia with its ?old? neighbors (most notably, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria, given that Albania has a distinct status as a de facto interested party in the dispute regarding the status of Kosovo and Metohija), nonetheless, remain at least just as important element of Serbia?s regional position. It is the author?s intention to point towards determinants of the foreign policy of Serbia, as factors that work, or are visible, through relations with Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. This will be observed in the context of bilateral and multilateral, formal and informal foreign policy connections and relations. The conclusion, in the form of a recommendation, is that international political dynamics in the ?Western Balkans? should not completely avert research attention away from Serbian relations with its non-Yugoslav neighbors.


Pravni zapisi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 504-531
Author(s):  
Jelena Jerinić

Serbian Law on General Administrative Procedure (LGAP) opened a possibility for broadening the standing in administrative procedures and administrative disputes, by inclusion of subjects representing collective interests and interest of the wider public - primarily, citizen associations and similar organizations. However, by failing to regulate a series of concrete issues, the Law places the administration and the Administrative Court before a challenge, demanding from them an extensive interpretation of not only LGAP's provisions, but other legislation already recognizing such organizations as AIDS in realization of the public interest. The author analyzes relevant legislation, as well as available administrative and court caselaw in search of these answers. The lack of explicit legal provisions could be balanced by a creative approach in practice, especially by the Administrative Court. Having in mind comparative solutions, the question arises whether it is necessary to regulate this category of potential parties separately or to link it more explicitly to the already existing notion of an interested party. Instead, completely new notions have been introduced - collective interests and the wider interests of the public - which are not or not consistently defined in Serbian law. The current, not so voluminous case law, shows that the administrative bodies need a more direct indication of the rules, i.e. a more explicit definitions of these terms. However, despite the restrictive legal framework, administrative bodies should be open to understanding the specific circumstances, i.e. the motivation that an organization has when it seeks standing. In the normative sphere, one of the solutions could be to envisage the analogous application of LGAP's provisions on the interested party. Other solutions could be sought in explicitly mentioning them in the provisions on right to appeal. The current formulations of LGAP do not provide sufficient guidance to the administration and an extensive interpretation would be a great challenge for them. An active approach of the Administrative Court could show the way for the administration toward and effective application of these provisions of LGAP.


1974 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 43-44

The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry has recently distributed its ‘Data Sheet Compendium 1974’ to registered medical practitioners and to hospital chief pharmacists. The impetus for this endeavour arose from the requirements of the Medicines Act 1968 under which any ‘commercially interested party’ must have delivered to a practitioner a copy of the data sheet on any product which is promoted to him by mail or through a representative. The format and contents of the data sheet are specified in great detail, and all claims made in promotion addressed to doctors subsequently for the product must fall within its terms.


2020 ◽  
pp. 128-142
Author(s):  
Victoria Sayles

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter discusses trusts of land. The creation of concurrent interests in land generally now occurs by way of a trust of land, governed by the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996 (TLATA) and replacing their forerunner, trusts for sale. Trusts of land may be expressly or impliedly created and, where implied, may be resulting or constructive trusts. Key provisions of TLATA 1996 include: ss 6–8 governing the extent of trustees’ powers over the trust property; s 11 governing the circumstances in which trustees have a duty to consult beneficiaries when exercising their powers; ss 12–13 governing the rights of beneficiaries to occupy the trust property; and ss 14–15 governing the right of an interested party to make an application to the court for an order to resolve a dispute over trust land.


Scrinium ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Tone

Abstract Ep. 24 was not simply the record of the dispute and it was entangled with unclear sentences which sometimes confused previous researches. The present study will specify the cause of its confusion and will argue the possibility of the change of the point at issue. As a result, it becomes clear that the case of Ep. 24 was the exceptional one of the bishop’s hearing in which bishop’s judgement was tended to be unfair to one interested party and the result of its dispute was not necessarily dependent upon Ambrose’s authority as a bishop.


Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1302
Author(s):  
Luis Naranjo-Zeledón ◽  
Mario Chacón-Rivas ◽  
Jesús Peral ◽  
Antonio Ferrández

The study of phonological proximity makes it possible to establish a basis for future decision-making in the treatment of sign languages. Knowing how close a set of signs are allows the interested party to decide more easily its study by clustering, as well as the teaching of the language to third parties based on similarities. In addition, it lays the foundation for strengthening disambiguation modules in automatic recognition systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind for Costa Rican Sign Language (LESCO, for its Spanish acronym), and forms the basis for one of the modules of the already operational system of sign and speech editing called the International Platform for Sign Language Edition (PIELS). A database of 2665 signs, grouped into eight contexts, is used, and a comparison of similarity measures is made, using standard statistical formulas to measure their degree of correlation. This corpus will be especially useful in machine learning approaches. In this work, we have proposed an analysis of different similarity measures between signs in order to find out the phonological proximity between them. After analyzing the results obtained, we can conclude that LESCO is a sign language with high levels of phonological proximity, particularly in the orientation and location components, but they are noticeably lower in the form component. We have also concluded as an outstanding contribution of our research that automatic recognition systems can take as a basis for their first prototypes the contexts or sign domains that map to clusters with lower levels of similarity. As mentioned, the results obtained have multiple applications such as in the teaching area or the Natural Language Processing area for automatic recognition tasks.


Author(s):  
Thomas Kühnen

Abstract It is conventional wisdom that the proprietors of standard-essential patents (“SEPs”) are free to choose the implementation stage at which they offer FRAND licenses for their inventions; ordinarily, these proprietors offer licenses to the actors at the end of the implementation chain, because the consumer goods incorporating patented technology, considering their high sales price, promise the putatively highest licensing fees. The patent users upstream from the licensee are denied their own FRAND license on the grounds that they are sufficiently protected against patent infringement actions by virtue of the licenses granted to their buyers. The present article will show that both assumptions are incorrect. First, every interested party has a claim to a license absent any special prerequisites; hence, the party at the beginning of the implementation chain, too, has such a claim, even if a FRAND license has already been granted at the distribution stage downstream from said party. Second, the amount of a FRAND royalty will not depend on the position of the license applicant within the implementation chain.


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