Health as a Global Public Good

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Illingworth ◽  
Wendy E. Parmet
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Private Good ◽  
Global Public Good ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Standard View ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Eradication

Contrary to the standard view that health is a private good, health should be viewed as a public good: its benefits are nonexcludable and nonrivalrous. Health should, in fact, be understood as a global public good, in light of globalization. Chapter 6 illustrates this analysis with reference to the global eradication of smallpox. Understanding health as a global public good, rather than as a private good, has implications for a nation’s moral obligations to newcomers and the health policy that its government crafts: one person’s health can adversely affect another’s health, and good health can benefit many. Given the public good dimensions of health, failure to help newcomers in need of care may not only be counterproductive because it puts the health of all at risk, it may also violate basic principles of fairness, reciprocity and justice.

A Pareto Approach to Aligning Public and Private Objectives in Vehicle Design

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Frischknecht ◽  
Panos Papalambros
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Pareto Frontier ◽  
Private Good ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Vehicle Production ◽  
The Government

The quest for producing vehicles friendlier to the environment is often impeded by the fact that a producer private good objective, such as maximum profit, competes with the public good objective of minimizing impact on the environment. Contrary to commercial claims, there may be no defined decision maker in the vehicle production and consumption process who takes ownership of the public good objective, except perhaps the government. One way ecofriendly products could become more successful in the marketplace is if public and private good objectives become more aligned to each other. This paper introduces three metrics for comparing Pareto curves in bi-objective problems in terms of relative level of objective competition. The paper also presents a quantitative way of studying an individual firm’s trade-off between profit and fuel consumption for automotive products, currently undergoing an historic evolution in their design. We show how changes in technology, preferences, competition, and regulatory scenarios lead to Pareto frontier changes, possibly eliminating it altogether.

Der Preis der Gesundheit

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Wolfram Stierle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Finance ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Private Good ◽  
The Public ◽  
Finance Theory

Abstract Plea for the cooperation with the public finance theory in the attempt, to find ethically and economically consistent solutions for the problems concerning public health. Can health be regarded as a private good, in which sense is health a public good and what about the analysis of the influence taken by the interest groups involved?

scholarly journals Development aid as a global public good – a case study

Competitio ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Boglárka Horváthné Angyal
Keyword(s):  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Public Good ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Global Public Good ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
The Public ◽  
Jel Classifications

This study introduces a new concept to the analysis of development aid. Aid is regarded as a global public good where donors benefit from the advantages of aid without rivalry and exludability. The public-goodnature of aid is a logical explanation for the deficiencies of the international aid regime, especially the suboptimal supply of aid and the free-riding of donors. The concept of aid as a public good raises the question whether there are any actors who could produce this global public good. The study analyses whether nongovernmental organizations are able to fill this gap in the international aid regime. The model is introduced through a case study: aid in Afghanistan in general, and the activities of the NGO Hungarian Baptist Aid in the country. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classifications: F590, H410

scholarly journals Curators Serving the Public Good

Philosophies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Martinon
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Private Good ◽  
Universal Principle ◽  
The Public ◽  
Widespread Acceptance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Circle Of Friends ◽  
The Way

This article investigates a principle inscribed at the top of most codes of ethics for curators: they should always “serve the public good.” No self-respecting curator would ever admit to serve “the private good,” that is, the good of the few, whether that of an elite in power or of a circle of friends or allies. The principle of “serving the public good” is inalienable and unquestionable even in situations where it is most open to doubt. However, what exactly is the meaning of this seemingly “true” and on all accounts “universal” principle: “to serve the public good”? To address this question, I look at this principle for the way it is perceived as being both majestic in its impressive widespread acceptance and cloaked in ridicule for being so often disregarded. I will argue—with an example taken from the history of curating—that it is not the meaning attached to the principle that counts, but the respect that it enjoins. I conclude by drawing a few remarks on how the value of the “good” remains, after the principle has been cast aside and the priority of respect is acknowledged, a ghost on the horizon of all curators’ work.

scholarly journals The Global Public Good: Students, Higher Education, and Communities of Good

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve G. Shaker ◽  
William M. Plater
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Global Public Good ◽  
Educational Goal ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Public ◽  
Learning Research

Along with introducing the purpose and cohesion of the essays that form this special issue, we also wish to highlight the force on which all of these lofty hopes depend: educated students. Without question, the authors who wrote these essays understand and appreciate the importance of students, especially as the prepared and empowered agents of future actions that will be sustainably transformative in the conduct of their lives. In fact, students are so pervasively important to most discussions of higher education and the public good, including the UNESCO report, that they are often taken for granted in a rush to address institutional and faculty responsibilities. However, no student of any age or educational goal should ever be far from consideration. They are indeed fully present in the essays that comprise this issue of Higher Learning Research Communications.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Illingworth ◽  
Wendy E. Parmet
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Global Public Good ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Practical Implications

The 2015 Ebola epidemic, as well as the global migration crisis, bring to light the connection many people make between loathsome disease and strangers. Myths about newcomers and disease have long informed both immigration policy and health policy. This book focuses on the latter and reviews basic demographics about migrants and their health, dispelling the myths that have thus far informed health policy. The book argues that health should be understood as a global public good and that understanding it as such has important moral and practical implications that ought to be taken into account as health policy is developed. This introduction provides a chapter-by-chapter outline of the book.

scholarly journals Inequality, role reversal and cooperation in multiple group membership settings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Lange ◽  
Jan Schmitz ◽  
Claudia Schwirplies
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Role Reversal ◽  
Global Public Good ◽  
Local Public Good ◽  
The Public ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Income Disparities

AbstractWe investigate the role of endowment inequality in a local and global public goods setting with multiple group membership and examine the effect of temporal role reversal on cooperation decisions. Subjects can contribute to a global public good which benefits all subjects and two local public goods which benefit only subjects of either their own group or the group of the other endowment type. Endowment inequality per-se decreases contributions of subjects with a high endowment to the global public good, but increases cooperation of subjects with a low endowment on their local public good, thereby aggravating income disparities. Exogenously induced role reversal for several periods affects cooperation behavior of subjects with a high endowment positively and induces them to contribute more to the global good. Cooperation in unequal environments thus appears to be more stable when all parties have experienced the public goods game from the disadvantageous perspective.

Positional Commitments and the Public Good: Perceptions of a Defecting Group Leader

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Sibicky ◽  
Cortney B. Richardson ◽  
Anna M. Gruntz ◽  
Timothy J. Binegar ◽  
David A. Schroeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Group Leader ◽  
The Public
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