Der Preis der Gesundheit

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Wolfram Stierle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Finance ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Private Good ◽  
The Public ◽  
Finance Theory

Abstract Plea for the cooperation with the public finance theory in the attempt, to find ethically and economically consistent solutions for the problems concerning public health. Can health be regarded as a private good, in which sense is health a public good and what about the analysis of the influence taken by the interest groups involved?

Health as a Global Public Good

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Illingworth ◽  
Wendy E. Parmet
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Private Good ◽  
Global Public Good ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Standard View ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Eradication

Contrary to the standard view that health is a private good, health should be viewed as a public good: its benefits are nonexcludable and nonrivalrous. Health should, in fact, be understood as a global public good, in light of globalization. Chapter 6 illustrates this analysis with reference to the global eradication of smallpox. Understanding health as a global public good, rather than as a private good, has implications for a nation’s moral obligations to newcomers and the health policy that its government crafts: one person’s health can adversely affect another’s health, and good health can benefit many. Given the public good dimensions of health, failure to help newcomers in need of care may not only be counterproductive because it puts the health of all at risk, it may also violate basic principles of fairness, reciprocity and justice.

scholarly journals Where Does Open Science Lead Us During a Pandemic? A Public Good Argument to Prioritize Rights in the Open Commons

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
BENJAMIN CAPPS
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Good Argument ◽  
The Public ◽  
Common Space ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Clinical Responses ◽  
The Commons

AbstractDuring the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, open science has become central to experimental, public health, and clinical responses across the globe. Open science (OS) is described as an open commons, in which a right to science renders all possible scientific data for everyone to access and use. In this common space, capitalist platforms now provide many essential services and are taking the lead in public health activities. These neoliberal businesses, however, have a problematic role in the capture of public goods. This paper argues that the open commons is a community of rights, consisting of people and institutions whose interests mutually support the public good. If OS is a cornerstone of public health, then reaffirming the public good is its overriding purpose, and unethical platforms ought to be excluded from the commons and its benefits.

A Pareto Approach to Aligning Public and Private Objectives in Vehicle Design

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Frischknecht ◽  
Panos Papalambros
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Pareto Frontier ◽  
Private Good ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Vehicle Production ◽  
The Government

The quest for producing vehicles friendlier to the environment is often impeded by the fact that a producer private good objective, such as maximum profit, competes with the public good objective of minimizing impact on the environment. Contrary to commercial claims, there may be no defined decision maker in the vehicle production and consumption process who takes ownership of the public good objective, except perhaps the government. One way ecofriendly products could become more successful in the marketplace is if public and private good objectives become more aligned to each other. This paper introduces three metrics for comparing Pareto curves in bi-objective problems in terms of relative level of objective competition. The paper also presents a quantitative way of studying an individual firm’s trade-off between profit and fuel consumption for automotive products, currently undergoing an historic evolution in their design. We show how changes in technology, preferences, competition, and regulatory scenarios lead to Pareto frontier changes, possibly eliminating it altogether.

scholarly journals The Method of Public Finance Theory and Its Alternatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (46) ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
A. Y. Derlytsia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
The State ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
State Finance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Finance Theory

The method of the public finance theory is understood as a set of the following components: initial positions and worldviews; specific research methods; and the ways to verify the results. The initial assumptions and worldviews of the Western public finance theory, modern Ukrainian public finance theory and its Soviet predecessor are compared. The difference of approaches within these theories concerning worldview is revealed, namely: their conceptual and philosophical basis (materialism / idealism); traditions of using the historical method; the role of the base and superstructure in financial science; focus on value / utility in studies dealing with the nature of fiscal phenomena; differences in interpreting the basic unit of analysis (individual, group, or class); the organic / mechanistic concepts of state used; explanation of the nature of the interaction between the basic units of analysis; attitude to the positive / normative approach. The methodological orientation of the Western financial thought on methodological individualism; that of the Soviet state finance theory on methodological holism, and the lack of precision in these issues of Ukraine’s modern financial science are mentioned. The author refers to the negative trend in assessing fiscal phenomena in Ukraine from the standpoint of state-centrism and the interests and needs of the state, which arises precisely on the basis of the holistic methodological attitudes and the predominance of the organic view of the state. It is shown that modern domestic financial science is still in transition. Due to its worldview, it is a theory of state finance (financial resources of the state), while the Western science is a theory of public finance (public funds, belonging to the society as a whole). The paper outlines the guidelines for further transforming the methodological foundations of financial science in Ukraine.

Interest Groups, Iron Triangles and Representative Institutions in American National Government

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Gais ◽  
Mark A. Peterson ◽  
Jack L. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
National Government ◽  
Special Interests ◽  
The Public

President Carter will perhaps be remembered most for his perceived incompetence, an impression produced largely by his inability to forge coalitions in Congress, and by his failure as an ‘outsider’ to intervene effectively in the established policy-making processes in Washington. In his farewell address, Carter alluded to what he believed to be the source of his troubles – the fragmentation of power and decision-making exploited by influential special interests. Carter believed that he was trapped in a web of organized groups allied with well-placed congressional and bureaucratic sympathizers seeking to protect their narrowly defined interests and frustrating his own broader vision of the public good.

scholarly journals Civil Liberties and Public Good: Detention of Tuberculous Patients and the Public Health Act 1984

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Coker
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Court Order ◽  
North West ◽  
The Public ◽  
Northwick Park Hospital ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
Park Hospital ◽  
Public Health Act

On 30 August 1998, the Mail on Sunday, under the headline “TB refugee ‘must be held in hospital’”, described the case of a Somalian man who had been “ordered by a court to remain in hospital for six months to prevent him spreading a highly infectious deadly disease”. That disease was tuberculosis and a court order had been issued “after the man had twice staggered into Northwick Park Hospital in Harrow, North-West London, for treatment but left without trace. He failed to take prescribed treatment and his condition rapidly deteriorated, forcing him to return to hospital a third time.”

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