Globalization

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-204
Author(s):  
Barbara Bennett Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Separation ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
The Many ◽  
Rich Countries

Chapter nine identifies the elephant in the room—the threat to children’s well-being posed by globalization. While recognizing the many benefits of globalism, the author identifies six damaging phenomena related to globalization that are degrading the ecology of childhood. These threats are (1) unrestrained capitalism, (2) runaway technological revolution, (3) rising inequality, (4) mass migration, (5) racial and ethnic conflict, and (6) the apocalyptic crisis of climate change. The author shows how these phenomena, far from being distant and abstract from children’s lives, are affecting every level of the ecology of childhood, from the microsystems of family life to the macrosystems that shape national and global agendas. Collectively, these phenomena are responsible for many of the problems already highlighted in the book, including deteriorating wages and working conditions for parents, diminished opportunity for young people to start families, the trauma of family separation and forced migration, and unconscionable rates of child poverty even in rich countries. These troubling developments, if unrecognized and unaddressed, threaten children’s cognitive and social development, undercut intergenerational solidarity, and increase children’s vulnerability to illness, natural disaster and environmental degradation.

The Ecology of Childhood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Bennett Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Model ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Labor Conditions ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Collective Survival

This book uses the ecological model of child development together with ethnographic and comparative studies of two small villages, in Italy and the US, as its framework for examining the well-being of children in the aftermath of the Great Recession. Global forces, far from being distant and abstract, are revealed as wreaking havoc in children’s environments even in economically advanced countries of the OECD. Falling birth rates, deteriorating labor conditions, fraying safety nets, rising rates of child poverty and a surge in racism and populism are explored in the dish of the village as well as data-based studies. Globalism’s discontents—unrestrained capitalism and technological change, rising inequality, mass migration, and the juggernaut of climate change--are rapidly destabilizing and degrading the social and physical environments necessary to our collective survival and well-being. This crisis demands a radical restructuring of our macrosystemic value systems. Rejecting metrics such as GDP, Efficiency and Bigness, this book proposes instead an ecogenerist theory that asks whether our policies and politics foster environments in which children and families can flourish. It proposes, as a benchmark, the family supportive human rights principles of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The author uses stories from actual children’s lives, in both small and urban settings, to explore the ecology of childhood and illustrate children’s rights principles in action. The book closes by highlighting ways individuals can work at the local and regional levels to create more just and sustainable worlds that are truly fit for children.

Validity of Importance Weighting in Subjective Well-Being Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-222
Author(s):  
Chang-ming Hsieh ◽  
Qiguang Li
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Life Domains ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Importance Weighting ◽  
The Many

The practice of giving certain life domains (such as health, family life) more weight in calculating an overall score, known as importance weighting, has been a subject of debate in subjective well-being (SWB) research for decades. In this paper, we present evidence by analyzing data from 513 Chinese adults to caution readers that findings of importance weighting in the SWB studies should be interpreted carefully. Given the many unsettled issues in assessing importance weighting, findings are often not clear-cut or definitive and overgeneralization can mislead our understanding of well-being. Future research on the topic of importance weighting should acknowledge study assumptions and limitations to avoid potential overgeneralization of findings.

Blue-collar Kin and Community in the Small-town Midwest

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 927-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAUREEN PERRY-JENKINS ◽  
SONYA SALAMON
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The Many ◽  
Kin Networks

This study examines community, kin networks, and family life linkages in a working-class small town. Specifically, household perceptions of community and kin networks obtained from an ethnographic study of a small Midwestern town are linked in a second interview study to residents' assessments of their personal well-being and the quality of their family relationships. The simple presence of kin nearby, however, is shown to be unrelated to either personal well-being or the quality of family relationships. Only when kin in close proximity are viewed as supportive does their presence have positive implications for family life. In fact, families are better off with no kin living nearby than with nonsupportive relatives in the same community. The findings highlight the importance of using an ecological perspective to disentangle the many layers of contexts that interact and affect the daily lives and relationships of families.

International Justice and Health: A Proposal

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal Sreenivasan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Care Education ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Rich Countries

This paper discusses obligations of international distributive justice-specifically, obligations rich countries have to transfer resources to poor countries. It argues that the major seven OECD countries each have an obligation to transfer at least one percent of their GDP to developing countries.The strategy of the paper is to defend this position without having to resolve the many debates that attend questions of international distributive justice. In this respect, it belongs to the neglected category of nonideal theory. The key to the strategy is to show that a significant amount of good would be accomplished by a one percent transfer, despite the fact that one percent is quite a small amount.To make this showing, the paper takes health as a fundamental measure of individual well-being and examines the improvement in life expectancy that would likely result from devoting the one percent transfer to the major determinants of health. It adduces data indicating that substantial progress towards raising life expectancy in developing countries to the global average of 64.5 years can be expected from expenditures of $125 per capita, divided between health care, education, and basic nutrition and income support. A one percent transfer from the major seven is enough to cover expenditures on that scale for the poorest fifth of the world's population.

On Major Conceptual Shifts within Research on Child Well-Being in Estonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2-2020) ◽  
pp. 174-184
Author(s):  
Dagmar Kutsar
Keyword(s):  
Social Issue ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Social ◽  
Children And Childhood ◽  
International Comparative

The aim of this paper is to highlight major shifts in research regarding children and childhood as a narrative of the author. It starts from presenting a retrospective of child poverty research in Estonia, and it is demonstrated how it has developed from the social and political acknowledgement of poverty as a social issue in the early 1990s. Then it revisits main shifts in theory and methodology of childhood research and reaches international comparative approaches to child subjective and relational well-being.

Surveying adherence of dental clinic patients to preventive measures in oral cavity

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Kudryavtseva ◽  
V. V. Tachalov ◽  
E. S. Loboda ◽  
L. Yu. Orekhova ◽  
E. Yu. Nechai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

Relevance. Periodontal diseases are a medical and social problem due to the wide spread among the population of developed countries and the impact on the quality of life. Among the many factors that are important in the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases, an important role is played by adherence to the recommendations of the dentist in respecting oral hygiene. Aim of the work was to study the adherence of patients of the dental clinic to compliance with preventive measures in the oral cavity.Materials and methods. A total of 98 patients of dental clinic, 62 female (medial age 38,6 ± 14,0 years) and 36 male (medial age 37,2±13,1 years) participated in survey. The study participants flled in the profle and answered questions about age, gender, harmful working conditions and bad habits, frequency of visits to the dental clinic, attitudes to the prevention of dental diseases, knowledge about the means and methods of oral hygiene.Results. As a result of the study, it was found that in the vast majority of cases, respondents are employed in production that does not adversely affect their health (91%), only 8% of patients indicated harmful working conditions.Conclusions. The study revealed that, despite the recommendations of the dentist, patients are not always committed to the implementation of preventive measures in the oral cavity. Dentists need to motivate patients to use not only the usual methods and means of hygiene, but also additional ones necessary for maintaining dental health.

Parenting and the Prosocial Behaviors of Children Across Cultures

2019 ◽  
pp. 162-178
Author(s):  
Maria Rosario T. de Guzman ◽  
Aileen S. Garcia ◽  
Irene O. Padasas ◽  
Bernice Vania N. Landoy
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Inductive Discipline ◽  
Parenting Dimensions

A large body of empirical work has shown the role that parenting plays in the development of prosocial behaviors of children. Parenting styles (e.g., democratic versus authoritarian) and parenting practices (e.g., inductive discipline versus guilt-shame induction) in particular have been empirically linked to prosocial behaviors as well as numerous other well-being indicators in children. What is less understood is the role that culture and cultural context might play in the parenting-prosocial nexus. This chapter explores the contributions of culture comparative and in-depth cultural studies of parenting and children’s prosocial behaviors. These studies extend the range of variability of parenting dimensions and contexts as they relate to children’s prosocial outcomes – providing a means of testing the generalizability of theory in a wider range of settings, as well as in identifying facets of parenting and family life that may otherwise be neglected in current scholarship. Collectively, studies support traditional socialization theories and show how numerous parenting dimensions are linked to prosocial outcomes in children in several cultural communities. Nonetheless, emerging research suggests culturally embedded processes that impact upon the parenting and prosocial link - meriting closer attention for future scholarship.

Gender, family separation, and negative emotional well‐being among recent Mexican migrants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Arenas ◽  
Jenjira Yahirun ◽  
Graciela Teruel ◽  
Luis Rubalcava ◽  
Pablo Gaitán‐Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Family Separation ◽  
Mexican Migrants
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