scholarly journals Evaluation of the resistance of the breeding material beetroot to Cercospora amid epiphytoty in greenhouses the Moscow region

2019 ◽  
pp. 124-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Kozar ◽  
S. A. Vetrova ◽  
I. A. Engalycheva ◽  
M. I. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Moscow Region ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Compact Leaf ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance. An important feature that determines the technological qualities of varieties and hybrids of beetroot is an erect, compact leaf rosette that persists until the end of the vegetation of plants. In this regard, much attention is paid to the selection of resistance to diseases affecting the leaves of plants, including Cercospora beticola Sacc. When creating resistant to Cercospora interline hybrids based on CMS, the selection of parent components plays an important role. In agroclimatic conditions of the Moscow region, Cercospora on industrial beetroot rarely reaches an economically significant threshold of harmfulness. However, in 2019, epiphytic development of Cercospora on summer first-year crops was observed in the block film greenhouse of the «Federal Scientific Vegetable Center», which allowed to assess the promising breeding material.Material and method. Phytomonitoring on beetroot plantings and sowing of the experimental production Department of the «Federal Scientific Vegetable Center» growing was carried out by methods of visual diagnostics and microscopy. Cercospora lesion in the breeding nursery was evaluated on an 11-point scale, the ranking of samples into five groups of resistance - according to the degree of disease development (R%). Analyzed: 28 sterile lines (А); 13 fertile lines of fixers (В); 25 lines of pollinators (С) and 38 hybrid F1 (АхВхС).Results. It was found that more than half of the studied lines were receptive to Cercospora. The share of relatively resistant lines was 13%. Most of them (8%) are ms - lines « obtained by pollination of CMS with mf-lines В. A close relationship (r=0.86-0.89) between the index of lesion of fixators and the degree of disease development of ms- lines was revealed, in some simple combinations a positive effect of heterosis on resistance to Cercospora relative to mf-В was noted. In the submitted sample F1 hybrids mainly observed between the nature of inheritance according to the degree of disease development (R, %), mixed effects the base line stability of pollinator mf-С (r=0,32) and a closer correlation of the stability of hybrid offspring the F1 with the resistant parent ms-line А (r=0.55). As a result of the evaluation, the most resistant to Cercospora ms- and mf-lines and derived from them hybrid F1, among which only 9% were included in the group of relatively resistant to C. beticola. 

WINTER WHEAT DEVELOPED BY THE UDMURT RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE IN COMPETITIVE VARIETY TESTING

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
I.V. TORBINA ◽  
◽  
I.R. FARDEYEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Rotation Pattern ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Variety Testing ◽  
Made In ◽  
Research Institute

The paper assesses the promising varieties of winter wheat in a competitive variety test by the main economic and biological characteristics that determine the suitability of the variety for commercial use. The object of research was the authors’ own breeding material. The experiments on the selection of winter wheat were made in the experimental crop rotation pattern of the Institute.

EVALUATION OF HYBRID SPRING WHEAT POPULATIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
O. V. Gladysheva ◽  
Т. А. Barkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Selection Of

This article presents the results of a study of hybrid spring wheat populations. Revealed different patterns of inheritance of important traits in F1 hybrids, which is caused by hereditary features of the original forms and circumstances. Analysis of hybrid populations showed that the dominant role in the formation of 1000 grains mass belongs to productivity and weight of grain with an ear, correlation coefficient r = 0.90 and amounted to r = 0.73, respectively. Found that the hybrid population in F4-5, created on the basis of grades Moscow 35, Esther, Agatha, Rome, Saratovskaya 29 (Russia), Ostinka (Ukraine) are a valuable material for selection of highly productive genotypes for future use breeding process. 

Influence of fungi on multiplication and distribution of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in axenized Pinus thunbergii cuttings

Nematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Suzuki ◽  
Daisuke Sakaue ◽  
Toshihiro Yamada ◽  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pinus Thunbergii ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Inoculation Site ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Close Relationship

AbstractInfluence of fungi on multiplication and distribution of the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, was investigated in Pinus thunbergii cuttings. Axenized nematodes and/or one of two fungi isolated from healthy and PWN-killed P. thunbergii were inoculated together into autoclaved cuttings. A close relationship between the existence and distribution of fungal hyphae, and the multiplication and distribution of PWN was observed. The PWN did not multiply when only axenized nematodes were inoculated in the absence of fungi. When fungi were present, PWN population size increased markedly. The number of nematodes was high at sites where fungal hyphae were distributed. It is suggested that the restriction of a large portion of the nematode population near the inoculation site during the early stage of disease development is closely related to restricted distribution of fungal hyphae.

Marker features of the tomato basic material in heterosis breeding for greenhouse industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Р.Х. Беков
Keyword(s):  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
State Register ◽  
Gene Carriers ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Heterosis Breeding

Рассмотрены важные аспекты использования геноносителей различных маркерных признаков при создании и селекции гетерозисных гибридов томата для защищенного грунта. Наряду с общими требованиями к родительским компонентам, касающимися продуктивности растений, скороспелости, устойчивости к болезням и т. д., сегодня при селекции на гетерозис для защищенного грунта к исходному материалу предъявляют более высокие требования по наличию хозяйственно полезных признаков. Эти требования касаются типа роста растений, формы, окраски и качества плодов, типа кисти, формы плодоножки и т. д. Представлены характеристики исходного материала для создания гетерозисных гибридов томата, а также даны характеристики полученных гибридов. Исследования, проведенные в отделе селекции ВНИИО (ВНИИ овощеводства – филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦО), показали большую перспективность использования при гетерозисной селекции томата для защищенного грунта геноносителей различных маркерных признаков, особенно признаков, определяющих коричневую окраску эндосперма семян (гены bs и bs-2) и несочлененную плодоножку (ген j-2). Созданные с использованием этих маркерных признаков гибриды и селекционные линии по-своему уникальны и являются приоритетным достижением этого научного учреждения, так как они представляют большой интерес для гетерозисной селекции томата в качестве исходного материала. Целый ряд гибридов F1 включен в Госреестр селекционных достижений, допущенных к использованию (Удача, Голубчик, Клад овощевода, Заур и др.). В связи с развитием фермерского и любительского овощеводства в последние годы определенное внимание было уделено созданию новых мутантных линий с розовыми, малиновыми и темно-коричневыми плодами с высокими вкусовыми качествами (учитывая, что образцы такого типа пользуются повышенным спросом у населения и стоят дороже). При создании новых гетерозисных гибридов были учтены эти признаки родительских форм. Important aspects of the use of gene carriers of various marker traits in the creation and selection of heterotic tomato hybrids for greenhouse industry are considered. Along with the general requirements for the parent components concerning plant productivity, precocity, resistance to diseases, etc., today, when breeding for heterosis for greenhouse industry, higher requirements are imposed on the source material for the presence of economically useful features. These requirements relate to the type of plant growth, shape, colour and quality of fruits, brush type, stem shape, etc. The characteristics of the initial material for creating heterotic tomato hybrids are presented, as well as the characteristics of the resulting hybrids are given. Studies conducted in the breeding department of the ARRIVG (ARRIVG – a branch of the FSBI FSCV) showed great prospects for the use of gene carriers of various marker traits, especially those that determine the brown colour of the seed endosperm (bs and bs-2 genes) and an undifferentiated peduncle (j-2 gene) in the heterosis breeding of tomatoes for greenhouses. Hybrids and breeding lines created using these marker traits are unique in their own way and are a priority achievement of this scientific institution, since they are of great interest for the heterosis breeding of tomato as a basic material. A number of F1 hybrids are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements allowed for use (Udacha, Golubchik, Klad ovoschevoda, Zaur, etc.). Due to the development of farming and amateur vegetable growing in recent years, some attention has been paid to the creation of new mutant lines with pink, crimson and dark brown fruits with high taste qualities (given that samples of this type are in high demand among the population and are more expensive). When creating new heterotic hybrids, these features of the parent forms were taken into account.

scholarly journals Identification of Black Rot Resistance in a Wild Brassica Species and Its Potential Transferability to Cauliflower

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1400
Author(s):  
Xiao-Guang Sheng ◽  
Ferdinando Branca ◽  
Zhen-Qing Zhao ◽  
Jian-Sheng Wang ◽  
Hui-Fang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Gene Location ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Related Wild Species ◽  
Wild Accessions

Black rot is a destructive disease that affects B. oleracea crops, causing significant losses to growers throughout the world. The purpose of this study was to screen out new sources resistant to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris race 4 (Xcc4) in 26 cauliflower and six related wild species, and to assess the inheritance of resistance. The results indicate that most of the tested accessions were susceptible or had intermediate resistance, except the Boc4601 (a cauliflower stable inbred line) and PI435896, UNICT5168, and UNICT5169 (wild accessions). Among them, UNICT5169 (Brassica montana) and PI435896 (Brassica balearica) showed the strongest resistance to Xcc4, with significantly lower disease index (DI), area of the infected part (AIP) and proportion of the infected part to the total leaf area (PTL) values. UNICT 5169 was selected as an Xcc4-resistant parent because of its relatively good cross seed-setting rate with cauliflower cultivars. F1 hybrids were successfully produced between this wild resistant accession (UNICT 5169) and one susceptible cauliflower breeding line (Boc3202-4), indicating the potential transferability of this resistance to cauliflower. The results of the symptoms severity evaluation of the F2 population indicate that Xcc4 resistance in UNICT5169 is a quantitative trait, which guides future resistance gene location and black rot resistance breeding.

scholarly journals Селекция лука репчатого с устойчивостью к пероноспорозу

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Monakhos ◽  
S.G. Monakhos ◽  
R.R. Alizhanova
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Downy Mildew Resistance ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Molecular Genotyping ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Selection Of

На Селекционной станции имени Н.Н. Тимофеева гибридизацией с донором устойчивости к пероноспорозу F1 Santero, беккроссом, инбридингом и отбором на инфекционном фоне с помощью молекулярного маркера DMR1 создано 15 линий лука репчатого гомозиготного по гену устойчивости Pd1. Оценка в однолетней культуре позволила выделить линии с массой луковиц 100120 г с высокой сохранностью, которые могут быть использованы в селекции F1 гибридов в качестве отцовских компонентов.Fifteen homozygous for Pd1 downy mildew resistance gene onion lines were developed by hybridization followed backcrossing F1 Santero of downy mildew resistant onion accession of European origin and a collection of onion inbred lines from LC Breeding station after N.N. Timofeev. The resistant to downy mildew, caused by Peronospora destructor (Berk.), plants were selected in segregated populations based on disease resistance test and molecular genotyping using DMR1marker. The lines with a mass of bulbs 100 120 g with high preservation, which can be used in the selection of F1 hybrids as paternal components.

scholarly journals Selection of individual nutrition for patients with torpid course of atopic dermatitis

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-108
Author(s):  
Н.О. Артемьева ◽  
Е.В. Свечникова ◽  
Ю.В. Максимова ◽  
В.Н. Максимов
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Physical Discomfort ◽  
Selection Of

Атопический дерматит (АД) - это воспалительное заболевание кожи, мультифакториальной или моногенный природы, характеризующееся зудом, хроническим рецидивирующим течением и возрастными особенностями локализации и морфологии очагов поражения. Доля заболевания в структуре кожных болезней в настоящее время составляет от 10 до 30%. Когда процесс приобретает упорное течение с невыраженным эффектом от проводимой терапии и обострениями процесса до 3-4 в год с увеличением их длительности, то становится вялотекущим (торпидным). Торпидное течение АД приводит больного к снижению качества жизни за счёт физического дискомфорта и эмоциональной дезадаптации. Подходы к лечению в теории зависят от механизма развития заболевания. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inherited inflammatory disease of skin, multifactor or monogenic nature, characterized by itching, chronic recurrent current and age-specific features of localisation and morphology of lesion centers. The proportion of the disease in the structure of skin diseases is currently between 10 and 30%. When the process acquires a persistent course with an unparalleled effect from the performed therapy and exacerbations of the process up to 3-4 per year with increase of their duration, it becomes sluggish (torpedo) [1, 3]. The torpedo course of AD leads the patient to a decrease in the quality of life due to physical discomfort and emotional disadaptation. Approaches to treatment in theory depend on the mechanism of disease development.

scholarly journals Theoretical justification of the possibility of selection perspective individuals in variety populations of self-pollinators on the example of soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
V.M. Lukomets ◽  
◽  
S.V. Zelentsov ◽  
E.V. Moshnenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Individual Selection ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Modified Formula ◽  
Selection Of

Breeding practice shows that soybean cultivars developed by synthetic breeding methods are submitted for the state variety testing in the F10–F11 generation. But the newly bred cultivars are not completely homozygous. The studies were related to the determination of the frequencies of formation of atypical and suitable for selection promising individuals in soybean cultivars developed by synthetic breeding methods. The studies were carried out in 2019–2020 at the central experimental base of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar. In the experiments, we used cultivars of our own breeding: Selena, Puma, Vita, Irbis, Bars, Barguzin and Sayana with a total age of 11–15 years from the year F1 hybrids were obtained. To confirm the practical possibility of isolating individuals differing from the phenotypic varietal norm in varietal populations, a complete examination of the crops of all studied soybean cultivars was carried out. In the fields of all cultivars, individuals were identified that differed from the varietal norm phenotypically. Mostly, the isolated individuals were distinguished by an increased plant height, a more powerful habit, an increased number of beans per plant, and resistance to lodging. The facts of the detection of atypical individuals with improved morphological traits in soybean cultivars of different ages confirm the possibility of individual selection of plants in varietal populations based on morphometric traits. The statistical dynamics of a decrease in heterozygous individuals in increasing generations in a hybrid self-pollinating population in terms of the number of paired genes, by which the parental forms can hypothetically differ, were calculated using the modified formula of S. Borojević (1984). It was found that the frequency of formation of phenotypically different individuals in varietal populations of soybeans depends on the total age of the cultivar. The frequency of the formation of morphologically different individuals decreases with an increase in the number of generations of the cultivar. Individual selection of individuals with positive phenotypic differences from the varietal norm can be recommended as an additional source of promising and practically homozygous starting material for accelerated analytical breeding of soybean.

scholarly journals Перспективная селекция баклажан для юга России

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Geraskina ◽  
V.V. Ognev
Keyword(s):  
Source Material ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Line Material ◽  
Selection Of

Представлены актуальные направления селекции баклажана для условий открытого и защищенного грунта. Выделен перспективный исходный материал для различных направлений использования. Дана характеристика перспективным образцам для использования в селекции. В качестве исходного материала для селекции целесообразно использовать сорта и гибриды F1 Эскимо, Халиф, Меч самурая Десерт Голиафа, Умка, Альбион и новый линейный материал Кит 53, Л 67, Л 83, 85/17, 94/16, Л 107.The perspective directions of selection of eggplant for conditions of open and protected soil are presented. The perspective source material for different directions of use is allocated. The characteristic of perspective samples for use in selection is given. As initial material for breeding it is advisable to use the obtained varieties and F1 hybrids Eskimo, Caliph, Sword of the samurai, Goliath Dessert, Umka, Albion, new line material Kit 53, L 67, L 83, 85/17, 94/16, L 107.

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