scholarly journals State forest register as basis of greenhouse gas inventory for land use, land use change and forestry sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
A.M. Potapenko ◽  
◽  
N.V. Tolkacheva ◽  
V.V. But’kovets ◽  
A.V. Shatravko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Standing Timber ◽  
Mature Stands

The data on the assessment of the dynamics of forested lands of the Republic of Belarus are presented. The characteristics of the forest fund for the period 1994–2019 are presented. Based on the materials of the provisions of international treaties, documents adopted within the framework of the implementation of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change at the international and national levels, including the Paris Agreement, the provisions of regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Belarus, the results of scientific research, information from the Ministry of Forestry, according to the data of the State Forest Cadastre, an assessment of greenhouse gases in the forest fund of the Republic of Belarus was carried out. CO2 emissions and sinks from forestry have been calculated in accordance with the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories using the stock-difference method. It was found that as a result of purposeful work on reforestation and reforestation over a 26-year period, a positive dynamics of the forest fund was achieved in the Republic of Belarus: the forested area increased by 919,6 thousand ha from 7360,7 thousand ha to 8280,3 thousand ha; the forest cover of the territory of the republic increased by 4,3 % and reached 39,9 %; the total standing timber stock increased by 739,5 million m3 from 1092,3 to 1831,8 million m3 (including in mature and over-mature stands — by 300,3 million m3 and amounted to 348,8 million m3); the reserve per hectare of forested land increased by 72,8 m3 and amounted to 221,2 m3/ha; the stock of mature and over-mature stands increased by an average of 52,6 m3 and reached 273,9 m3/ha.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing Support for the Gain-Loss Approach for Greenhouse Gas Inventories

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. McRoberts ◽  
Erik Næsset ◽  
Christophe Sannier ◽  
Stephen V. Stehman ◽  
Erkki O. Tomppo
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories ◽  
Gain Loss

For tropical countries that do not have extensive ground sampling programs such as national forest inventories, the gain-loss approach for greenhouse gas inventories is often used. With the gain-loss approach, emissions and removals are estimated as the product of activity data defined as the areas of human-caused emissions and removals and emissions factors defined as the per unit area responses of carbon stocks for those activities. Remotely sensed imagery and remote sensing-based land use and land use change maps have emerged as crucial information sources for facilitating the statistically rigorous estimation of activity data. Similarly, remote sensing-based biomass maps have been used as sources of auxiliary data for enhancing estimates of emissions and removals factors and as sources of biomass data for remote and inaccessible regions. The current status of statistically rigorous methods for combining ground and remotely sensed data that comply with the good practice guidelines for greenhouse gas inventories of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is reviewed.

scholarly journals Economic Impacts and Land Use Change from Increasing Demand for Forest Products in the European Bioeconomy: A General Equilibrium Based Sensitivity Analysis

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa Haddad ◽  
Wolfgang Britz ◽  
Jan Börner
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Forestry Sector

The European forestry sector is a potential driver of transformation towards a sustainable bioeconomy. Forest products are increasingly used in high-tech and high-value-added industries, e.g., chemicals and the automotive industry. So far, however, research on the European bioeconomy has largely focused on agriculture as a provider of food, feed, fuel, and fiber to bio-based industries. Here we assess the potential impacts of a stronger reliance on forestry sector inputs to the European Union (EU28) bioeconomy on output, prices, final demand, and land use. Specifically, we run a sensitivity analysis of a 1% increase of input use of forest products in the EU28 economy in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) framework accounting for land use by Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZ) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at high regional and sectoral resolution. We find that such a shift to a more forest-based bioeconomy would provoke small indirect land use effects globally due to existing international trade linkages and land market effects. Simulated increases in planted forest cover are associated with net GHG emission savings, but our scenario analysis also points to higher imports of forest products from countries with vulnerable tropical forest biomes, such as Brazil and Indonesia.

Tackling climate change reporting needs regarding soil C pool: SOC modelling under different land-use categories in Croatia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masa Zorana Ostrogovic Sever ◽  
Dóra Hidy ◽  
Zoltán Barcza ◽  
Hrvoje Marjanovic
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories ◽  
New Variant ◽  
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories ◽  
Use Categories ◽  
Soc Stocks

<p>Soil organic matter (SOM) is one of five mandatory pools used in reporting of national greenhouse gas inventories under UNFCCC and EU regulations. Reporting on net change in soil organic carbon (SOC) under different land uses over time is challenging. The 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories suggest that all estimates, including carbon (C) in SOM, should be transparent and consistent throughout the time series. For some countries assessing net change of SOC is often not easy due to lack of data, infrastructure or funding. Consequently, for the mineral part of the soil, frequently used is the simplest approach of assessment (Tier 1) which assumes no change in mineral SOC stocks. However, this assumption should be substantiated.</p><p>There is a growing need for the use of higher tiers in reporting of C changes in SOM pool, by providing estimates from field measurements and modelling. While soil C modelling is cost-effective, and in some countries already found applicable for the purpose of reporting, field measurements of soil C stocks are expensive and time-consuming, but necessary for model calibration and validation.</p><p>In our research we used Biome-BGCMuSo model, a biogeochemical model that simulates the storage and flux of water, C, and nitrogen (N) in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. Biome-BGCMuSo is a new variant of the well‑known Biome-BGC model with an improved multilayer soil module. We performed spatial modelling of SOC down to 30 cm for four different land-use categories of: deciduous forests, evergreen forests, annual croplands and grasslands, for the period 1990-2014. Eco-physiological parameters for each biome (i.e. land-use) were obtained from the literature. Meteorological data was obtained from open-access meteorological database FORESEE. Management activities (i.e. thinning, planting, mowing, fertilizing, and ploughing) where estimated based on available data and consultations with the local experts. Modelling results of SOC stocks were compared to field measurements. Trends of soil C change in period 1990-2014 under different land-uses were discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Addressing uncertainty and bias in land use, land use change, and forestry greenhouse gas inventories

2022 ◽  
Vol 170 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily McGlynn ◽  
Serena Li ◽  
Michael F. Berger ◽  
Meredith Amend ◽  
Kandice L. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories ◽  
Carbon Stock Change ◽  
Stock Change

AbstractNational greenhouse gas inventories (NGHGIs) will play an increasingly important role in tracking country progress against United Nations (UN) Paris Agreement commitments. Yet uncertainty in land use, land use change, and forestry (LULUCF) NGHGHI estimates may undermine international confidence in emission reduction claims, particularly for countries that expect forests and agriculture to contribute large near-term GHG reductions. In this paper, we propose an analytical framework for implementing the uncertainty provisions of the UN Paris Agreement Enhanced Transparency Framework, with a view to identifying the largest sources of LULUCF NGHGI uncertainty and prioritizing methodological improvements. Using the USA as a case study, we identify and attribute uncertainty across all US NGHGI LULUCF “uncertainty elements” (inputs, parameters, models, and instances of plot-based sampling) and provide GHG flux estimates for omitted inventory categories. The largest sources of uncertainty are distributed across LULUCF inventory categories, underlining the importance of sector-wide analysis: forestry (tree biomass sampling error; tree volume and specific gravity allometric parameters; soil carbon model), cropland and grassland (DayCent model structure and inputs), and settlement (urban tree gross to net carbon sequestration ratio) elements contribute over 90% of uncertainty. Net emissions of 123 MMT CO2e could be omitted from the US NGHGI, including Alaskan grassland and wetland soil carbon stock change (90.4 MMT CO2), urban mineral soil carbon stock change (34.7 MMT CO2), and federal cropland and grassland N2O (21.8 MMT CO2e). We explain how these findings and other ongoing research can support improved LULUCF monitoring and transparency.

scholarly journals Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the UK

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 7491-7535 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wilson ◽  
S. D. Dixon ◽  
R. R. E. Artz ◽  
T. E. L. Smith ◽  
C. D. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Peat Extraction ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
The Republic

Abstract. Drained peatlands are significant hotspots of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and may also be more vulnerable to fire with its associated gaseous emissions. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from peatlands managed for extraction are reported on an annual basis. However, the Tier 1 (default) emission factors (EFs) provided in the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement for this land use category may not be representative in all cases and countries are encouraged to move to higher Tier reporting levels with reduced uncertainty levels based on country or regional specific data. In this study, we quantified (1) CO2-C emissions from 9 peat extraction sites in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, which were initially disaggregated by land use type (industrial vs. domestic peat extraction), and (2) a range of GHGs that are released to the atmosphere with the burning of peat. CO2-C emissions were strongly controlled by soil temperature at the industrial sites (bare peat), and by soil temperature and leaf area index at the vegetated domestic sites. Our derived EFs of 1.70 (±0.47) and 1.64 (±0.44) t CO2-C ha−1 yr−1 for the industrial and domestic sites respectively, are considerably lower than the Tier 1 EF (2.8 ± 1.7 t CO2-C ha−1 yr−1) provided in the Wetlands Supplement. We propose that the difference between our derived values and the Wetlands Supplement value is due to differences in peat quality and, consequently, decomposition rates. Emissions from burning of the peat (g kg−1 dry fuel burned) were estimated to be approximately 1346 (CO2), 8.35 (methane, CH4), 218 (carbon monoxide, CO), 1.53 (ethane, C2H6), 1.74 (ethylene, C2H4), 0.60 (methanol, CH3OH), 2.21 (hydrogen cyanide, HCN) and 0.73 (ammonia, NH3) and emphasises the importance of understanding the full suite of trace gas emissions from biomass burning, rather than focussing solely on CO2 and CH4 emissions. Our results highlight the importance of generating reliable Tier 2 values for different regions and land-use categories. Furthermore, given that the IPCC Tier 1 EF was only based on 20 sites (all from Canada/Fenno-Scandia) we suggest that data from another 9 sites significantly expands the global dataset, as well as adding a new region.

scholarly journals Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 5291-5308 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wilson ◽  
S. D. Dixon ◽  
R. R. E. Artz ◽  
T. E. L. Smith ◽  
C. D. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Peat Extraction ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
The Republic

Abstract. Drained peatlands are significant hotspots of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and may also be more vulnerable to fire with its associated gaseous emissions. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from peatlands managed for extraction are reported on an annual basis. However, the Tier 1 (default) emission factors (EFs) provided in the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement for this land use category may not be representative in all cases and countries are encouraged to move to higher-tier reporting levels with reduced uncertainty levels based on country- or regional-specific data. In this study, we quantified (1) CO2-C emissions from nine peat extraction sites in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, which were initially disaggregated by land use type (industrial versus domestic peat extraction), and (2) a range of GHGs that are released to the atmosphere with the burning of peat. Drainage-related methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions as well as CO2-C emissions associated with the off-site decomposition of horticultural peat were not included here. Our results show that net CO2-C emissions were strongly controlled by soil temperature at the industrial sites (bare peat) and by soil temperature and leaf area index at the vegetated domestic sites. Our derived EFs of 1.70 (±0.47) and 1.64 (±0.44) t CO2-C ha−1 yr−1 for the industrial and domestic sites respectively are considerably lower than the Tier 1 EF (2.8 ± 1.7 t CO2-C ha−1 yr−1) provided in the Wetlands Supplement. We propose that the difference between our derived values and the Wetlands Supplement value is due to differences in peat quality and, consequently, decomposition rates. Emissions from burning of the peat (g kg−1 dry fuel burned) were estimated to be approximately 1346 CO2, 8.35 methane (CH4), 218 carbon monoxide (CO), 1.53 ethane (C2H6), 1.74 ethylene (C2H4), 0.60 methanol (CH3OH), 2.21 hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and 0.73 ammonia (NH3), and this emphasises the importance of understanding the full suite of trace gas emissions from biomass burning. Our results highlight the importance of generating reliable Tier 2 values for different regions and land use categories. Furthermore, given that the IPCC Tier 1 EF was only based on 20 sites (all from Canada and Fennoscandia), we suggest that data from another 9 sites significantly expand the global data set, as well as adding a new region.

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