scholarly journals A Literary Behavior Analysis of Ghost in the Shell: From Science to Art of Behaviorism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sho Araiba
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Applied Behavior Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Art Theory ◽  
Art Making ◽  
The Past

Although behavioristic works have had substantial effects on many fields, the art and entertainment world had responded largely negatively or insensitive to behaviorism in the past. More recently, however, as the field of Applied Behavior Analysis grew, a new wave of behavioristic art has emerged. With this new trend, the argument can be made that it is now time to develop a fully-fledged art of behaviorism, both in terms of art making and art theory. In this paper, I present a literary analysis of the film, Ghost in the Shell (Oshii, 1995), as a form of behavioristic literary criticism based on the works of three contemporary behaviorists, B. F. Skinner, Gilbert Ryle, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. From a behaviorist point of view, the film presents a juxtaposition between Motoko’s belief and the environmental influences on her personal identity.

scholarly journals The irony as a sense of reality (on the example of the short stories of O. Konyskyi)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
Nadiia Boiko
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
Sense Of Reality ◽  
Empirical Research Methods ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

The article deals with the analysis of the short stories by O. Konyskyi from the point of view of irony functioning in them. S. Kierkegaard compared irony to divine madness, which, like Tamerlane, did not leave a stone unturned, because “in the irony, negativity takes precedence over positivity, freedom over necessity”. In the modern literary criticism, irony is seen, on the one hand, as an aesthetic category, the characteristic feature of which is the lack of care to make the reader laugh; it is primarily a matter of marking of the author’s perception of reality (“Ironic meaning” by S. Pokhodnia). On the other hand — irony is viewed as a stylistic figure, which is based on allegory and which testifies to the potential of the individual authorial style. However, in both cases, to understand the true meaning of an ironic statement, it is necessary to have a context, which is its main semantic background. In a number of works by O. Konyskyi, irony serves as a means to express certain traits of character and behaviour of the character and is exemplified through epithets and comparisons. Less often, it becomes a means to construct the text and a plot-forming factor, as is in the story “And we are people!” The subject of the study is irony as a complex (two-tier) message, the purpose to understand the hidden content of which requires context. The object of the literary analysis is comprised of the short stories by O. Konyskyi, that have not yet been considered from this point of view. The latter fact informs the novelty of the study. The purpose of the article is to clarify the place and the role of irony in the bulk of short stories by this writer. The outlined goal determines reaching the following objectives: to trace the dynamics of the apperiance of different types of irony in the short stories by O. Konyskyi; to identity the dependence of the frequency and the form the ironic expression; to find out the influence of the author’s ironic approach on the form the work. As a result of the analysis by means of the approaches of biographical, historical-literary and empirical research methods, it was possible to find out: despite the fact that irony is not a dominant feature of O. Konyskyi’s worldview, in his short stories works with textual irony stand out.

scholarly journals Semiotization of the past in the Lermontov studies of B.M. Eikhenbaum in the 1930s – early 1940s

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Kristina V. Sarycheva
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Semiotic System ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Literature History ◽  
Soviet Ideology ◽  
History Of Literature ◽  
Historical Past

The research is based on the concept of the historical process as a semiotic system, formulated by B.A. Uspenskii. The article aims to analyse within the framework of this concept the historical and literary works of B.M. Eikhenbaum of the 1930s 1940s, dedicated to the meeting of Lermontov and Belinsky in the prison. Some of the papers discussed here have not been previously studied. The fact that Eikhenbaum frequently referred to that episode and mentioned it in different papers let us assume that it was significant not only from the literary and historical point of view, but it also contained unique significance for the researcher. The article extends the observations made by E.A. Toddes regarding the implicit projection of contemporary events into the historical past that helped Eikhenbaum to overcome prescriptions of the Soviet ideology and literary criticism. The evolution of the history concept in papers of Eikhenbaum was analyzed and the elements of the language, resembling the contemporary epoch, were demonstrated. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the historic past of the Lermontov studies, carried out by Eikheinbaum, is the double coded semiotic system simultaneously, expressing the literary and historical facts, as well as following the official discourse and containing the unofficial or individual discourse regarding the contemporaneity.Key words: Eikheinbaum, Lermontov, Belinsky, formalism, Soviet literary criticism, history of literature, history, modernity, semiotic system.

Can an Algorithm Be Disturbed?

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-65
Author(s):  
James E. Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Text Mining ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Digital Humanities ◽  
Cultural Criticism ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital Methods ◽  
Learning Analysis

This chapter positions the use of machine learning within the digital humanities as part of a wider movement that nostalgically seeks to return literary criticism to the structuralist era, to a moment characterized by belief in systems, structure, and the transparency of language. While digital methods enable one to examine radically larger archives than those assembled in the past, a transformation that Matthew Jockers characterizes as a shift from micro to macroanalysis, the fundamental assumptions about texts and meaning implicit in these tools and in the criticism resulting from the use of these tools belong to a much earlier period of literary analysis. The author argues that the use of imported tools and procedures within literary and cultural criticism on the part of some digital humanists in the present is an attempt to separate methodology from interpretation. In the process, these critics have deemphasized the degree to which methodology participates in interpretation. The chapter closes by way of a return to the deconstructive critique of structuralism in order to highlight the ways in which numerous interpretive decisions are suppressed in the selection, encoding, and preprocessing of digitized textual sources for text mining and machine learning analysis.

scholarly journals DOMESTIC WOMEN’S LITERATURE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21st CENTURY. AUTOFICTION – THEORETICAL PROVISIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(78)) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Oksana Ozdemir
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Women's Literature ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
To Come ◽  
Gerard Genette

The article focuses on the fact that one of the most productive forms of self-identification and representation in domestic women’s prose of the late 20th – early 21st centuries is the literary form of autofiction, which attests the continuation of the traditions of autobiography in the domestic gyneprose to the new level. However, modern autogyneprose mostly positions its openness to the reader, starting from the level of the “external pact” with the recipient, who emerges from the book pages through the conclusion of external pacts with the reader at the level of preface, inner interviews, own photo of writers, etc., which are called to witness openness of the author, clearly outline her image, and to some extent to announce her intentions. That is, the active position of dialogue with the recipient can be traced. This position is also indicated by the creation by the writers of the image of the implicit reader by introducing an internal addressee, that is, an internal pact in the form of a dialogue with the reader throughout the story. The active interaction of the narrator with the reader in women’s prose of the early 21st century also enables the latter to come closer to understanding of their own image, since the heroine of autofiction becomes for the recipient those Others, in the background of whom their own self-identification takes place. However, when it comes to the literary comprehension of these constructs, it should be noted that there is no conception of their analysis in the literary criticism of gynecritical orientation. This is the reason for the practice of using for this purpose of the “masculine” theory of literary analysis of narrative, in particular, the theory of autobiographical pact by Philippe Lejeune and the theory of narrative by Gérard Genette. And yet another complexity of narratological analysis of a text from the point of view of its narrative organization is not only an innovative method of autogyneprose research, but also some innovation in the field of the study of the narrative organization of non-fiction texts in comparison with fiction texts (this applies to both domestic and foreign literary studies). In this regard, the study of the forms of ego-narrative objectification in the autofiction texts by O. Drachkovska, I. Karpa, Ye. Kononenko, S. Povalyaeva and I. Rozdobudko is very relevant.

scholarly journals Biblical women – Jewish literary and religious ideals

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Karmela Bélinki
Keyword(s):  
Jewish History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Jewish Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biblical Women ◽  
Revolutionary Movements ◽  
Religious Ideals ◽  
Double Minority

During the past two decades the new awareness of women has developed from a diffuse protest to conscientious and ambitious research. The fact that the new wave of awareness at least to some extent was initiated by Jewish women is not a unique phenomenon in Jewish history. On account on their position Jews have always strongly identified with different revolutionary movements and stood up for leadership in them. Jewish women have experienced themselves as a double minority because their international Jewish world has not developed from patriarchalism to wider perspectives as rapidly as their external non-Jewish society. From a literary and feminist point of view it is obvious that Tanach has undergone the same process as all other Jewish literature. The scriptures that we today consider authorized are a selection, the result of a process and in order to understand them we must accept that they reflect development both in culture and society.

Review of Applied Behavior Analysis.

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-271
Author(s):  
Cyril M. Franks
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Applied Behavior Analysis
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