Further Development of a New Concept in Small Scale Forestry:
“Forest-Management-Service-Contracts” in Bavaria

The forests in Bavaria cover about one third of its land area or 2.56 Mio hectares (ha) and the major part of this forest is held by private forest owners. Around 700 000 landlords manage approximately 1.4 Mio ha. In Bavaria, about 130 Forest Owner Associations (FOAs) play a key role in managing the small scale forests. In the last years, a new concept in small scale forest management arose, “Forest-Management-Service-Contract” (FMSC). The statutory corporations needed a proper management for their forests accordingly the German forest laws and the FOA took the chance to adopt a new business concept. In Bavaria exist about 3000 forest-management-service-contracts, covering over 40.000 hectares. In a current project “Further development of the successful concept – Forest-Management-Service-Contracts – through economic analysis” will be elaborated a data base for the better understanding of the crucial to success factors of FMSC. The economic analysis of the FMSC will base on business process analysis related to the administration of FMSC, on economic operating figures deviated from a single contract analysis and performance data. This information base aims to optimize the contracting process and to reduce the risks related to unknown hazards of the single FMSC.

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Promoting Landscape-Level Forest Management in Fire-Prone Areas: Delegate Management to a Multi-Owner Collaborative, Rent the Land, or Just Sell It?

Forests ◽

10.3390/f13010022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Ana Martins ◽

Ana Novais ◽

José Lima Santos ◽

Maria João Canadas

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

A Priori ◽

Policy Option ◽

Small Scale ◽

Forest Owner ◽

Target Area ◽

Management Options ◽

Forest Ownership ◽

Landscape Level Management ◽

Landscape Level

Forest management at the landscape level is a requirement for reducing wildfire hazard. In contexts where non-industrial private forest ownership prevails, the collaboration among multiple owners has been proposed as the way forward to reach consistent fuel management at that level. The current literature has been focused on identifying the factors that lead to collaboration among owners. In this study we explored other ways to reach landscape-level management in addition to the collaborative way, such as those that may be promoted through land renting or selling. Different contexts and owner types may require different solutions. Thus, we explicitly asked which alternative would be chosen by a given forest owner, from the following set: keeping individual management, entering a multi-owner collaborative arrangement where they delegate management, renting to a pulp company; or selling the land. In a context of small-scale ownership and high recurrence of wildfires in Portugal, a face-to-face survey was carried out to a sample of landowners. Our results suggest that there is not an a priori generalized unwillingness of owners to delegate management, rent or sell the land and thus they seem prone to align themselves with policy strategies to promote management at the landscape level. Multinomial logit regression modelling allowed us to explain and predict owners’ choices among the aforementioned set of alternative management options. We found that choosing multi-ownership collaboration, as opposed to keeping current individual management, is associated with passive management under harsher conditions, by non-residents without bonding capital. The identified factors of owners’ choices show the limited scope of tenancy and land-market mechanisms to promote landscape-level management. The best policy option was found to depend on the owner profiles prevailing in the target area. This suggests that studying the existing context and owner types is required to design effective policies.

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Private Forest Owners’ Social Economic Profiles Weakly Influence Forest Management Conceptualizations

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10110956 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 956 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrej Ficko

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Latent Variables ◽

Social Economic ◽

Small Scale ◽

Forest Owner ◽

Full Time ◽

Private Forest ◽

Private Forest Owners ◽

Forest Owners ◽

Management Concepts

Although several private forest owner studies have dealt with how private forest owners understand forest management, little is known about the determinants of specific forest management concepts. The study expands previous latent variable models of the perception of forest management by European private forest owners by looking at how age, income, education, annual cut, and holding size and type influence specific understandings of forest management. We applied a multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) structural equation model on a representative sample of 754 private forest owners from Slovenia. The MIMIC model confirmed the influence of six covariates on three concepts of forest management: the maintenance concept, the ecosystem-centered concept, and the economics-centered concept. The strongest determinants of perception were education and holding type. The maintenance concept was predominantly associated with less educated older full-time or part-time farmers working on smaller family farms and doing regular cuts. The perception of forest management as an economics-centered activity increased with increased education and dependence on income from intensive cuts. The ecosystem-centered concept was most strongly associated with younger, better-educated owners with smaller holdings and, surprisingly, not to non-farmers but to small-scale family farmers. However, the proportion of the variance of latent variables explained by the six covariates was low, ranging from 2.4% to 5.1%. Taking into account the influence of education and holding type on private forest owners’ perception of forest management, by increasing the level of education and raising the proportion of absentee owners in Europe, we expect a shift from the maintenance concept toward either an economics-centered or ecosystem-oriented concept for forest management. Despite the weak influence of private forest owners’ social economic profiles on forest management conceptualizations, governments should be aware of the trend and actively seek to prevent the polarization of forest management concepts.

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Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Small Scale Wood Gas Stove for House Hold Purpose Using Water Boiling Test Method

International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) ◽

10.29322/ijsrp.9.11.2019.p9587 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. p9587

Author(s):

Ayalew Bekele Demie ◽

Getachew Hailu wondimagegn ◽

Shemsedin Abubeker

Keyword(s):

Performance Evaluation ◽

Test Method ◽

Small Scale ◽

Water Boiling Test ◽

And Performance

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Evaluating Occupational Health and Safety Management Strategy Success Factors for Small-Scale Contractors in Zambia

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13094696 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 4696

Author(s):

Mwewa Mambwe ◽

Erastus M. Mwanaumo ◽

Wellington D. Thwala ◽

Clinton O. Aigbavboa

Keyword(s):

Occupational Health ◽

Human Resource Development ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Success Factors ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Occupational Health And Safety ◽

Electricity Industry ◽

The Body ◽

Small Scale

Small-scale contractors (SSCs) require management strategies in implementing occupational health and safety (OH&S) performance at projects to reduce accidents, injuries, fatalities and diseases. Management strategy success factors have been acknowledged to be of great benefit in improving in OH&S performance. Hence, the study sought to assess the management strategy success factors for the improvement of OH&S performance by SSCs in Zambia’s electricity industry. Using quantitative methods, data was collected using a survey questionnaire from 246 respondents representing firm owners, managers, project managers and OH&S representatives at electricity industry projects at 70.3% response rate. Descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted as methods of data analysis using exploratory factor analysis. After analysis, the success factors were clustered into three construct categories within OH&S performance namely, compliance and workplace processes, policy and human resource development, and leadership and structure significant values ranging from 0.513 to 0.972. The independent reliability was tested using the Cronbach Alpha coefficient. The study exposed management strategy success factors are well recognised by most SSCs and contributed to the body of knowledge in this mastery by introducing three success factors for OH&S performance. It is recommended that these factors be adopted and considered to improve OH&S performance management by SSCs in the electricity industry in Zambia.

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Techno-economic analysis of a small-scale power-to-green urea plant

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/716/1/012010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 716 (1) ◽

pp. 012010

Author(s):

Calvin Fernando ◽

Widodo W Purwanto

Keyword(s):

Economic Analysis ◽

Small Scale

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Space-air-ground integrated networks for future IoT: Architecture, management, service and performance

Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications ◽

10.1007/s12083-021-01170-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Feng Lyu ◽

Wenchao Xu ◽

Quan Yuan ◽

Katsuya Suto

Keyword(s):

Management Service ◽

Integrated Networks ◽

Architecture Management ◽

And Performance

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Correction to “Performance of a Small-Scale Haber Process: A Techno-Economic analysis”

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ◽

10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08545 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 1969-1969

Author(s):

Bosong Lin ◽

Theodore Wiesner ◽

Mahdi Malmali

Keyword(s):

Economic Analysis ◽

Small Scale

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Solid Form and Phase Transformation Properties of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride during Wet Granulation Process

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13060802 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 802

Author(s):

Suye Li ◽

Hengqian Wu ◽

Yanna Zhao ◽

Ruiyan Zhang ◽

Zhengping Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Phase Transformation ◽

Water Content ◽

Scale Up ◽

Small Scale ◽

Dissolution Behavior ◽

Wet Granulation ◽

Water Addition ◽

Granulation Process ◽

And Performance

The quality control of drug products during manufacturing processes is important, particularly the presence of different polymorphic forms in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) during production, which could affect the performance of the formulated products. The objective of this study was to investigate the phase transformation of fexofenadine hydrochloride (FXD) and its influence on the quality and performance of the drug. Water addition was key controlling factor for the polymorphic conversion from Form I to Form II (hydrate) during the wet granulation process of FXD. Water-induced phase transformation of FXD was studied and quantified with XRD and thermal analysis. When FXD was mixed with water, it rapidly converted to Form II, while the conversion is retarded when FXD is formulated with excipients. In addition, the conversion was totally inhibited when the water content was <15% w/w. The relationship between phase transformation and water content was studied at the small scale, and it was also applicable for the scale-up during wet granulation. The effect of phase transition on the FXD tablet performance was investigated by evaluating granule characterization and dissolution behavior. It was shown that, during the transition, the dissolved FXD acted as a binder to improve the properties of granules, such as density and flowability. However, if the water was over added, it can lead to the incomplete release of the FXD during dissolution. In order to balance the quality attributes and the dissolution of granules, the phase transition of FXD and the water amount added should be controlled during wet granulation.

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