scholarly journals Modern Shoe Buckles from Archaeological Research in Gniew and Piaseczno (Pomerania Province, Poland)

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-165
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kulesz ◽  
Jakub Michalik
Keyword(s):  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Metal Sheet ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Collections ◽  
Cutting Out ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
Thin Metal Sheet ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Church

During archaeological research carried out from 2009 to 2016 in the Church of St. Nicholas in Gniew, a set of three metal buckles was found. Then, in 2017, excavations were conducted in crypts of the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the village of Piaseczno, in the Gniew District. Two other pairs of buckles were uncovered at this site. All the buckles found differ considerably. Thanks to this, one can get an impression that apart from holding the shoe on the foot, they also served decorative purposes. One can distinguish two main types of buckles: those made of iron and those made of a copper alloy. The latter, considering ornaments, could be more valuable than their iron counterparts. Regardless of the alloy used, manufacturing techniques differed, some of which were those used in the case of buckles from Gniew and Piaseczno: wire forging, cutting out of thick metal sheet, and folding thin metal sheet. On account of their jewellery-like character, this small collection of buckles discussed could be bequeathed, while most grave shoes were only fastened with tailor’s pins or put on the feet of the dead without fastening. This practice particularly concerned shoes with textile uppers, which mostly meant women’s shoes. It may suggest that the items in question were rather owned by men. The buckles described could be thus elements of the everyday attire. Issues connected with a formal and typological interpretation of the buckles found indicate interpretive problems faced by archaeologists dealing with these aspects of costume studies. Modern shoes, due to the scarcity of artefacts in archaeological collections, remain mysterious and puzzling objects.

scholarly journals The Marian Apparition of Seuca/Szőkefalva in the Context of Religious and Ethnical Interferences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lehel Peti
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Local Parish ◽  
History Of ◽  
Marian Apparitions ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Church ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
The Way

Seuca became a known place for pilgrimage due to a blind Gypsy woman's public visions about the Virgin Mary in the first years of the new millennium. The author presents both the history of the ethnical and confessional co-existence in the village and the economic and social problems which affected the whole community. Then, the attitudes towards the apparition of the different denominations are highlighted by also presenting the way the seer attempts to question the different denominational opinions. The legitimating strategies of a Gypsy woman significantly influenced the aspects of the vision of the Virgin Mary from Seuca. In the history of Seuca, we find the practice of ethnic groups making well-defined boundaries between them, functioning as important parts of the communities. The artificial change of the ethnic structure during the Communist dictatorship changed the patterns of relations between the ethnic groups and made ethnic coexistence more problematic. The local parish that tried to expropriate the Marian apparitions has successfully integrated their messages into the ideology of ethnic reconciliation. The traditional onto- logical systems of religion in the communities still work and the frequent crossing of the ethnic and denominational boundaries have also promoted the strategies of the Church. In addition, the apparitions in Seuca earned the village a distinguished reputation in the region where enormous changes have taken place and where people have been forced to develop more complex strategies, or ways of life, without any pre-existing concrete models.

scholarly journals Archeological research in graves of the Church of Saint Elisabeth of Jilemnice, in the light of environmental analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-80
Author(s):  
Jan Prostředník ◽  
Vítězslav Kuželka ◽  
Lenka Kovačiková ◽  
Jan Novák
Keyword(s):  
Young Woman ◽  
Environmental Analysis ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Wooden Structure ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
The Church ◽  
Bone Remains

Abstract Archaeological research in the area of the chateau park uncovered the relic of the Gothic church of St. Elisabeth, dated to the second half of the 13 th century. It is a single-nave building with a rectangular finish (length 25 m, boat width 13 m, presbytery width 10.5 m). The church probably had an older predecessor - a wooden structure on a stone foundation, dating from the mid-13 th century. At the same time, the church site was a burial place: a grave of a young woman and a 1.5-year-old child, dated 13 th /14 th century were found outside the presbytery wall. In the presbytery, there were 3 graves of men dating back to the 14 th century. It is very likely that these are the Lords of the Wallenstein family. Archaeological research in graves in the Church of St. Elisabeth unearthed a small collection of animal bone remains. The occurrence of bones of young and mature cattle and domestic fowls, which are abundant in the archaeozoological assemblage, indicates the prevailing meat consumption of these animals. The butchering marks on their bones document removal of meat from the carcasses.

scholarly journals LIGHTING IN THE INTERIOR DESIGN OF RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS IN GALICIA (THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th AND THE FIRST THIRD OF THE 20th CENTURIES)

2021 ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
Roman Odrekhivskyi
Keyword(s):  
Interior Design ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Editorial Office ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
New Churches ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Church

The purpose of the article is to analyse the typology, design features and carved decor of the wooden lamps in the interiors of the religious buildings in Galicia. The research methodology is based on the general principles of scientific work: consistency, authenticity, historicism, logic. The author of the article applies a comparative and typological method to analyse the design features of the lamps. And the methods of hermeneutics and semiotics were used to analyse ornamental and compositional systems of decoration. The scientific novelty of the work is the introduction of the unknown artefacts of church art into the scientific circulation. The author collected these data himself during his scientific expeditions to museums or directly in churches — both in Ukraine and abroad. Conclusions. The study of the design features and decor of the analysed lamps has shown that table lamps, as a rule, are smaller than candelabras (stavnyk), although sometimes according to the principle of composition, they are the same as candelabras, as, for example, the candelabra from the Kryvorivnia Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The study has confirmed that the lamps harmoniously fit into the design of the church interior, complementing the ensemble. For example, in the church in the village of Duliby or Pozdiach. In fact, the design ensembles of these religious sites are made in the same style. The author of the article provides an analysis of the image design solution and the nature of the decor of specific samples of the lamps, and argues that the development of the lamp art (as well as other elements of church equipment) occurs in two directions: imitation of historical styles in line with eclectic versions and the use of ornamental and compositional structures of traditional folk art. The features of a successful combination of these trends in the image solution of the spider chandelier from Galicia, which is kept in the collection-exposition of the National Museum in Lviv, have been demonstrated. The study has shown the original use of Hutsul folk carving traditions in the decoration of the spider chandelier from the Church of St. George in the village of Duliby, made by the famous master Vasyl Turchyniak: he used traditional geometric ornaments with ancient symbols. The significance of the © Roman Odrekhivskyi, 2021 The article was received by the editorial office: 11.08.2020 study lies in the possibility of using the processed material in the restoration of the old and construction of the new churches.

FROM THE DUBOVICHI LIFE: REPRESSIONS AGAINST THE CHURCH IN THE 1920-1930'S.

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Lesya Ivanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
The People ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Church

In the article, the author reveals fragments of the study about repressions of the 1920s and 1930s against the churches, as an institution of society, against the clergy, church services, active parishioners of one of the settlements in Sumy Region(Dubovichi village). Self-identification and peaceful living under the laws of honor in the socialist regime led to the destruction of employed citizens and clergy who lived by vocation and by traditional moral principles. After all, it was they - conscious citizens, intellectuals, who "threaten" the terrorist plot of the Bolshevik authorities on the territory of Ukraine. Special attention was to the citizens who supported Tikhonovsk and Ukrainian autocephalous Orthodox churches. The parishioners of these churches were in principle affirmative. "Tikhonovtsi" decided religious uncompromising, "autocephalous" were nationalistic. Those and others did not perceive the Bolsheviks. Both opposed the political regime. Everyone who was in contact or was attached to these groups was prosecuted and arrested with special severity. Under the repressions were relatives and neighbors. Blackmail of single persons and family, voluminous and falsification documents, taking hostages. That was happening with all who was not controlled during the formation of the Soviet power. Over the 50 people from Dubovichi village and their families fell under the pressure of repressions. Most of them were sentenced to death. Just few of them returned from exile and settled in distant places from their native village. Dubovichi village has a centuries-long history. Best known it is in the religious environment through the icon of Dubovytsi's Mother of God. The miraculous image of the Virgin was discovered in the middle of the 17th century. And the glory about it spread far beyond the then Russian empire. Church leaders from Kiev, from Chernigov gathered at the procession during the celebrations of 1861. The pilgrimage to the icon in Dubovich was round-the-year. Copies from the list of the Virgin Mary Dubovitskaya were in the St. Sophia Cathedral of Kyiv. Information about the icon was printed in church calendars and metropolitan directories of pilgrims. The grand stone church of the Nativity of the Virgin in 1777 in the center of the village, it was the pease of architectural art that was rare in the countryside. As evidenced by foreign sources, the parish church was kind of fortress. It was surrounded by a brick fence with four towers in corners. The entrance to the churchyard was through the gates that were under the bell. There were burials around the temple. Marble monuments were raised on the graves. Icons in the temple were in different kyots, precious stones. Church property included a number of priest clothing, silverware. In the village there were three temples. This provided the opportunity for the parish to have six priests, several clerks and psalms in the state. All were destroyed until 1940, despite the architectural value of the builders and the ancients. Dubovichi parish numbered more than three thousand people at the beginning of the twentieth century. It was glorified by the numerous, beautiful choir, active citizens. The church library was more than 2000 volumes. The priests performed not only the need. Archpriest Gusakovsky was the head of refuge. The village choir numbered more than 60 people. There was a spiritual orchestra, a theater group, a hut-reading room, a rural school and a parochial school, and a folk school in the village. Also there was paramedic station, veterinarian, pharmacy. The hospital unit numbered up to 10 beds. Tolerance and high moral consciousness were typical for the people of Dubovichi. Not only Orthodox lived in the village . Archival documents indicate that the daughter of the priest was offended with the Catholic. Jews lived in Dubovichi. The social group was represented. There were Gypsies among the participants of the school. Those were posterity of that who survived and took good place in life of theatre. Able to analyze falsifications of the campaign to destroy the Dubovichi parish, the destruction of church buildings- works of architectural art. Information from directories, archival documents and old people's buildings allows us to reconstruct conditionally events of those times. The author for the first time highlights this page of the Dubovichi life. As well as information from recently declassified documents from archives of higher authorities on the repressed residents of Dubovichi village. Human losses, disadvantaged families, tales of reletives about Soviet Union. All this make a mosaic of the historical stratum of our country. The coverage of this problem somehow outlines the massive crimes of Soviet politics in the 1920's and 1930's. It is a tribute to those who sacredly keep memories of the repressed.

scholarly journals Metric books as a source in the study of the marriage of the second half of the XVIII – the first half of the XIX century: possible research risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Olena Borodenko
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Research Risks ◽  
Parish Clergy ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Church

The aim. The author studies metric books as church sources of the second half of the 18th ‒ the first half of the 19th century, which were compiled by representatives of the parish clergy and therefore some certain errors and inaccuracies are presented. Research methods. Data sources determined the range of general scientific and special-historical methods used in the research, first of all they are deconstruction, historical and comparative, critical methods, etс. Scientific novelty based on the analysis of the directive and administrative, statutory, accounting and statistical documents, and metric books, the author for the first time made an attempt to reveal a number of violations of the executive discipline in some parishes in terms of maintaining some church documents, mostly marriage records. Main results. In order to avoid research traps, possible informative inaccuracies of the mentioned accounting and statistical documents were found out, fragments of the primary sources were cited, examples of individual married couples were given. We focus on the importance of correct records about the age of people who determined the minority/majority, readiness for recruitment, the acquisition of property rights, the person’s legal responsibility for the crimes committed, the choice of guardian, etс. The metric book and the marriage searches of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Rizdvo-Bohorodytska) Church of the village of Mykolaevka, Romny povit, Poltava province were analyzed, the calculated quantitative indicators of marriage are presented in the table, a comparative analysis of the content is made and the differences in the records of the two church registries are shown, and the quantitative indicators of the matrimonial unions for certain years are compared. At the same time, the probable reasons for the lack of registration of persons for certain years in metric books, as well as factors that could cause dynamic fluctuations in the number of weddings annually and in leap years are emphasized. The author indicates the possible reasons for omitting some entries in the metric books of certain periods, and analyzes the factors that determined the violation of the registration procedure by representatives of clergymen in the church documentation. The following violations were revealed: the discrepancy in the entries in some metric, auditing and marriage-search books; omitting the marital registration between landowners or officials with their serfs; brides’ age fabrication in the church documents; mistakes and corrections in the anthroponomic data, topographical errors in entering brides’ origin etс. The average number of marriages registered in 1763–1858 in the village of Mykolaevka is 11.3. The number of weddings registered in different years including leap years is from 3–4 to 26–28 per year. Originality. The author used the unique metric books, church searches and analyzed church documents previously studied by some Polish and Ukrainian scholars. Practical significance. It is recommended for publishing in scientific journals, historical, demographic, gender and local research, for educational and methodological manuals, and further investigation in social history of Ukraine. Article type: analytical.

scholarly journals Open-back Shoes from the Southern Crypt in Piaseczno, Pomerania Province

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-149
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kulesz ◽  
Małgorzata Grupa
Keyword(s):  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Right ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Church

A discussion on modern shoes is limited on account of the scarcity of sources provided by archaeological research. This gap is to a certain extent filled by museum collections and iconography. This is why it is so important to publish new finds as one can only initiate discussion on isolated artefacts of open-back shoes based on such publications. Such a pair was found in the southern crypt of the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Piaseczno. These are unique objects as it is possible to identify all their elements and to determine the quality of leather, which was rather thick. Their general state of preservation is good. The condition of the leather on the soles, heels, and uppers indicates that the shoes were intensively used when their owner was alive. There is no difference in cut between the left and the right shoe, however, deformations resulting from wearing allow to say which shoe was worn on which foot. The pair of shoes found in Piaseczno and described above represents a valuable contribution to the discussion on open-back shoes. When interpreting such finds, the basic difficulty is the determination of their function. In specific circumstances, functions of overshoes and home shoes could to a certain extent overlap. However, it seems that in the modern era separate pairs of shoes were made to serve these different purposes. Unfortunately, the only evidence that would allow to lean towards one of the options involves the categories of massiveness and size of the shoes, and the diversity of the materials used. The paper uses a number of names for open-back shoes (pattens, mules, chopines, slippers, pantables) to reflect the linguistic richness. There is no doubt that different designs used to have individual names, however, the scarcity of accounts makes it very difficult to reconstruct the linguistic reality of old.

scholarly journals The history of the foundation of the Ascension of the Virgin Mary Uniate parish in Gródek in the light of 18th century church inspections

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 163-177
Author(s):  
Janusz Adam Frykowski
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Bell Tower ◽  
Parish Priest ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Church

Gródek is a country village whose origin dates back to at least the fifteen century. The first written record of the village dates from 1409. In it is found acknowledgment of Wołczko Rekutowicz from Gródek as one of the founders and a supplier of furnishings to the local church. Originally belonging to the Duchy of Belz, the village together with the Duchy, was incorporated into the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland in 1462. After the first partition of Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth, Gródek was annexed by the Habsburg Empire, then it became part of the Duchy of Warsaw and following the joint resolutions of the Congress of Vienna it was given to Russia. Today the village situated at the Huczwa river administratively belongs to Jarczow gmina (commune) as part of Tomaszów poviat in Lubelskie Province. During the period the piece of research covers, Gródek was mostly inhabited by Russian people and was an Orthodox parish. It in turn became a Greek Catholic parish following the Union of Brest. The first written record of an Orthodox Church comes from 1507 while 17th century documents confirm the existence of a Uniate parish. Having analyzed post- visitation protocols, it might be deduced that it was awooden church poorly equipped with ecclesiastical utensils. There was also a bell tower and a cemetery alongside the church. It has been determined a paroch (parish priest) had some arable land as well as grassland at his disposal to support himself. Furthermore, he collected various ecclesiastical fees from his parishioners. From the period of time this research is focused on, personal information of 4 parochs as well as the approximate number of parishioners that varied between 14 and 70 has been established. Furthermore, the church is known to have been functioning in 1772 but it fell into ruin before 1798 after which the parishioners from Gródek attended the branch church in Podlodów.

Iconostasis of the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Nakonechne village - the most complete iconostasis ensemble of the XVI century

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Mariia Helytovych
Keyword(s):  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
Blessed Virgin Mary ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

The article contains an analysis of the iconostasis of the Assumption of Mary Church located in the vil. Nakonechne (Yavoriv district, Lviv region), which represents the most fully preserved iconostasis ensemble of the XVI century. For the first time, its reconstruction was completed taking into account all saved icons. The article deals with stylistic, iconographic and artistic features of this ensemble, as well as its connection with other iconostases of that time. More precisely, the dating of the monument is argued. In the article, the author suggests to consider an ensemble from Nakonechne as a phenomenon in the history of Ukrainian icon painting, which reflected the most characteristic tendencies that took place in the painting of the second half of the XVI century. The author traces his influence on the iconography of the end of the XVI – the beginning of the XVII century

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