scholarly journals Pathogenic fungi associated to commercial seed of mexican varieties of Bouteloua curtipendula

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Raymundo Quero-Carrillo ◽  
Alicia Zárate-Ramos ◽  
Leticia Robles-Yerena ◽  
Cristián Nava-Díaz ◽  
Leonor Miranda-Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bouteloua Curtipendula ◽  
Commercial Seed ◽  
Para Determinar

La semilla es una importante forma de diseminación de patógenos; para determinar aquellos asociados a semilla comercial de variedades de pasto Banderita: NdeM-La Zarca, NdeM-303, NdeM-5, NdeM-Zenith, NdeM-La resolana, se analizaron tres tipos de propágulo: espiguillas completas (cariópside + brácteas accesorias; M1), cariópside únicamente con lemas (M2) y cariópsides limpios (M3), provenientes de lotes del Valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo, cosechados en 2017. Para promover el desarrollo de hongos, se sembraron espiguillas (M1) en cámara de humedad; mientras que M2 y M3 fueron sembradas en medio PDA (cinco propágulos por caja Petri y 60 cajas por variedad); posteriormente, los crecimientos se aislaron en medios selectivos. Los aislados se identificaron por características del cultivo, morfológicas y moleculares. Se obtuvieron 51 aislamientos en los tres tipos de propágulo y variedades; los cuales, se asociaron a <em>Alternaria alternata</em> y <em>A. tenuissima</em> (67% de frecuencia), <em>Fusarium scirpi</em> y<em> F. incarnatum</em> (24%) y <em>Bipolaris cynodontis</em> (9%). Ninguna de estas especies ha sido reportada anteriormente en México para semilla comercial de B. curtipendula. Con lo anterior, se abre un panorama de opciones para futuros estudios de patogenicidad de los hongos aislados y en consecuencia el manejo sanitario de la semilla producida.

Homogenate Extraction of Dihydroartemisinin from Artemisia Hedinii and Its Antifungal Activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong You ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Guangjiong Qin ◽  
JinPeng Yang ◽  
Chunlei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Homogenate Extraction

Abstract Background Artemisia hedinii is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. It can be used to extract dihydroartemisinin (DHA). Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the optimal conditions for the homogenate extraction of DHA from A. hedinii and the antifungal activity of DHA. Methods In this study, single factor experiments and response surface method were used to determine the optimal extraction conditions of crude extract and DHA, the method of spore germination was used to study the antifungal activity of DHA to Alternaria alternata. Result The optimal conditions were found as fellow: ratio of liquid to material 22 mL/g; Extraction time 60 s; soaking time 34 min. Under these conditions, extraction yield of DHA was (1.76 ± 0.04%). When the concentration of crude extract were 0.5 and 8 mg/mL, the spore germination inhibition rates of Alternaria alternata were (17.00 ± 2.05%) and (92.56 ± 2.01%), which were 3.34 and 1.15 times that of DHA standard, respectively. Conclusion Homogenate extraction technology is a fast and efficient method to extract DHA from A. hedinii. The crude extract has significant antifungal activity against A. alternata with low cost, which provides a possibility for the use of DHA in the prevention and treatment of plant pathogenic fungi. Highlights The optimum conditions of the extraction of DHA from A. hedinii by homogenate extraction were obtained. DHA has antifungal activity against A. alternata. Compared with pure DHA, the crude extract has stronger antifungal activity against A. alternata.

scholarly journals Effects of methyl jasmonate and gums formed in stone fruit trees on in vitro ethylene production by mycelium of verticillium dahliae and alternaria alternata

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Węgrzynowicz-Lesiak ◽  
Anna Jarecka Boncela ◽  
Justyna Góraj ◽  
Marian Saniewski
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Mycelium Growth

ABSTRACT The knowledge about the role of jasmonates in ethylene production by pathogenic fungi is ambiguous. In this study, we describe the effect of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) and gums formed in stone fruit trees on the growth and in vitro ethylene production by mycelium of Verticillium dahliae and Alternaria alternata. Methyl jasmonate at concentrations of 100, 250 and 500 μg·cm-3 inhibited the mycelium growth of V. dahliae and A. alternata, proportionally to the concentrations used. After 8 days of incubation, JA-Me at concentration of 500 μg·cm-3 limited the area of mycelium of these pathogens by 7-8 times but did not entirely inhibited the pathogen growth. Addition of gums produced by trees of cherry and peach to a medium containing 40 μg·cm-3 JA-Me did not influence the mycelium growth of V. dahliae, but gums of plum and apricot trees stimulated mycelium growth, in comparison to JA-Me only. Methyl jasmonate at concentrations of 2 and 40 μg·cm-3 stimulated the ethylene production by mycelium of V. dahliae and A. alternata. It is possible that methyl jasmonate stimulated ethylene production in mycelium of these pathogens through interaction with some fractions of galactans formed during hydrolysis of agar. The lack of interaction of JA-Me with polysaccharides of stone fruit trees gums concerning ethylene production was documented and it needs further explanation.

Prevalence of Aero-Allergenic Micro Fungi in Extra & Intramural Environments of a Saw Mill in Pondicherry City, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 760 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
B.K. Nayak ◽  
S. Suresh Kumar ◽  
Anima Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Seasonal Periodicity ◽  
Spore Mass ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Spore Load

Prevalence of airborne fungal spores with their seasonal periodicity in the extra and intramural environments of a saw mill of Pondicherry region was carried out by gravitation method from January 2011 to December 2011. Composition and concentration of fungal spores considerably varied from indoors to outdoors as well as from season to season. Indoor air harbored maximum fungal spores (61%) in comparison to outdoor air (39%). Occurrence of fungal species was predominated with more number of propagules during mid winter (December) and early rainy (July) periods in comparison to other months. Quantitatively, Cladosporium was found with the highest frequency and had four members i.e., C. cladosporioides, C. herbarum, C. resinae, C. sphaerospermum but qualitatively, Penicilli and aspegilii were isolated highest in its contribution to total CFUs. Out of the 32 isolated fungal taxa, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and Alternaria alternata were the predominant aeroallergens which cause different types of respiratory/lung diseases in atopic human beings were isolated. In seasonal periodicity, winter contributed the maximum spore load (41%) followed by rainy (33%), summer was found with the least (26%) in harboring the spore mass in the indoors and outdoors. Alternaria alternata, which is accounted as a human allergen for sporosis inducer and an agent for hay fever and other pathologies, was also intermittently recorded. A few plant pathogenic fungi like Helmithosporium sp. & Fusarium spp, saprophytic, field and storage fungi were also recorded during the study period. Effect of meteorological parameters on the fungal spores in the saw mill atmosphere was significantly assessed by Pearsons correlation coefficient analysis.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Thimerosal against Ocular Pathogenic Fungi

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 536-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Guangren Pang ◽  
Dongqing Zhao ◽  
Chuanwen Gao ◽  
Lutan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Fungal Isolates

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of thimerosal versus those of amphotericin B and natamycin was assessed against 244 ocular fungal isolates. The activity of thimerosal against Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., and Alternaria alternata was 256 times, 512 times, and 128 times, respectively, greater than that of natamycin and 64 times, 32 times, and 32 times, respectively, greater than that of amphotericin B. Thimerosal's antifungal activity was significantly superior to those of amphotericin B and natamycin against ocular pathogenic fungi in vitro.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of pathogenic fungi and oomycetes associated with beans and cowpea root diseases in Oman

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Al-Jaradi ◽  
Issa Al-Mahmooli ◽  
Rhonda Janke ◽  
Sajeewa Maharachchikumbura ◽  
Nadiya Al-Saady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Root Diseases

The purpose of this study was to characterize fungal and oomycete species associated with root diseases of Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, V. radiata and Vicia faba in Oman. Root samples were collected from plants suffering from weakened growth and yellowing symptoms. Fungal species were isolated on 2.5% potato dextrose agar amended with 10 mg l−1 rifampicin and 200 mg l−1 of ampicillin and identification was based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA gene (ITS rRNA), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), translation elongation factor-1 alpha (TEF), beta-tubulin (TUB), calmodulin (CMD), actin (ACT). Isolations yielded 204 fungal isolates belonging to nine different genera, with most isolates belonging to Alternaria and Fusarium. Molecular identification revealed that the isolates belong to 20 fungal species, the most dominant of which was Alternaria alternata. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on each plant species. The inoculations on P. vulgaris revealed that Pythium aphanidermatum induced rotting, damping-off and wilt symptoms while Fusarium equiseti induced yellowing symptoms on the leaves. Rhizoctonia solani produced lesions and root rot on Vigna unguiculata while Curvularia muehlenbeckiae and Curvularia caricae-papayae produced root lesions on the roots of V. unguiculata and V. radiata, respectively. Alternaria alternata produced brown symptoms on the tap root of Vicia faba. P. aphanidermatum resulted in a significant reduction in the fresh weight, dry weight and shoot length of Phaseolus vulgaris. The study shows that several fungal species can be found associated with the roots of beans and Vigna unguiculata in Oman and can result in varying disease symptoms. This is the first report of root lesions produced by Curvularia muehlenbeckiae on the roots of V. unguiculata and by C. caricae-papayae on V. radiata worldwide.

scholarly journals Mycoflora of Viola wittrockiana Games seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Danuta Pięta ◽  
Irena Kiecana
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Isolated Species

Thirty seed speciments of <i>Viola wittrockiana</i> harvested in the years 1985-1987 were investigated. As a result of mycological analysis, 1808 fungi isolates belonging to 19 species were obtained. Most frequently isolated species was <i>Alternaria alternata</i> whose isolates made 26 % of isolations of all the fungi. Among the fungi isolated particularly from undisinfected seeds the species from the <i>Penicillium</i> kind were dominant. Pathogenic fungi like <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> and <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> were also isolated from the investigated seeds.

scholarly journals Enfermedades foliares del arbolado en el Parque Cultural y Recreativo Tezozómoc, Azcapotzalco, D.F.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (30) ◽  
pp. 106-123
Author(s):  
José Francisco Reséndiz Martínez ◽  
Lidia Guzmán Díaz ◽  
Ana Lilia Muñoz Viveros ◽  
Cecilia Nieto de Pascual Pola ◽  
Lilia Patricia Olvera Coronel
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽  
Cupressus Lusitanica ◽  
Schinus Molle ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Salix Babylonica

Ante el interés por conservar al Parque Cutural y Recreativo Tezozómoc (PCyRT) a partir de los beneficios ecológicos que brinda a la sociedad y a la fauna que alberga, se realizó un diagnóstico fitosanitario de su arbolado, así como una revisión de las condiciones físicas y sanitarias para determinar su estado actual. Se muestreó 10 % del total de las especies dominantes, mientras que para las asociadas se consideraron todos los individuos. Se recolectó material botánico para su determinación mediante claves y para su análisis con base en sus signos y síntomas patológicos. Los patógenos se encontraron en arboles adultos. Se contabilizaron 3 758 árboles, que pertenecen a 30 especies o variedades agrupadas en 16 familias; 67 % (20) son perennifolias y 33 % (10) son caducifolias. Las especies más abundantes y de mayor cobertura fueron Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Populus tremuloides, Pinus radiata var. binata, Fraxinus uhdei, Schinus molle y Cupressus lusitanica, lo que indica la poca diversidad. De ellas, nueve presentaron daños en el follaje por diferentes hongos; y cinco, en particular, por Fusarium, que se identifica por manchados cloróticos. La necrosis observada en Erythrina coralloides y Fraxinus uhdei se relaciona con Alternaria sp. Los hongos con mayor incidencia en sus hospederos fueron Phoma glomerata en Acacia retinoides y Alternaria alternata en Fraxinus uhdei, ambas presentes en la totalidad de los ejemplares y Melampsora epitea en Salix babylonica en 90 %. Se tiene como nuevo registro de la posible asociación del eriófido de la flor Aceria fraxiniflora en Fraxinus uhdei con el micromiceto Fusarium sporotrichioides.

scholarly journals Antifungal Effect of Magnolol and Honokiol from Magnolia officinalis on Alternaria alternata Causing Tobacco Brown Spot

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Han Chen ◽  
Mei-Huan Lu ◽  
Dong-Sheng Guo ◽  
Ying-Yan Zhai ◽  
Dan Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Alternaria Dauci ◽  
Magnolia Officinalis ◽  
Dose Dependent

In this study, two phenol compounds, magnolol and honokiol, were extracted from Magnolia officinalis and identified by LC-MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR. The magnolol and honokiol were shown to be effective against seven pathogenic fungi, including Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl, Penicillium expansum (Link) Thom, Alternaria dauci f.sp. solani, Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheld, Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl., Valsa mali Miyabe & G. Yamada, and Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn, with growth inhibition of more than 57%. We also investigated the mechanisms underlying the potential antifungal activity of magnolol and honokiol. The results showed that they inhibited the growth of A. alternata in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, magnolol and honokiol treatment resulted in distorted mycelia and increased the cell membrane permeability of A. alternata, as determined by conductivity measurements. These results suggest that magnolol and honokiol are potential antifungal agents for application against plant fungal diseases.

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