Suitability of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) for making hardboard

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
N. Khatun ◽  
M. Misbahuddin ◽  
D. Biswas ◽  
U. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Pre Treatment

Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) wood (stem and branch) chips were pulped to produce hardboard for industrial use. Hardboards were made by thermo mechanical (steaming) and chemo mechanical processes for making hardboard to assess their suitability. In the thermo mechanical process, chips under 7.03 kg/cm2 and 10.55 kg/cm2 digester pressure each for 30, 60 and 90 minutes. In the chemo mechanical (chemical pre-treatment) process, chips were soaked in 1, 2, 3% NaOH solution under atmospheric pressure at 24 hours soaking time. Hardboards were tested to determine their modulus of rupture and water resistance properties. Results showed that chemically treated boards are stronger than steam softening boards. The boards made from rubber branches are much stronger than rubber stems.

Hemp Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Composites: Effects of NaOH Concentration on Fiber Pre-Treatment Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 841 ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
Phattharachai Maichin ◽  
Teewara Suwan ◽  
Peerapong Jitsangiam ◽  
Prinya Chindaprasirt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
The Self ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Hemp Fibers ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Geopolymer Composites

High demand for using parts of natural materials, e.g., cores, fibers or leaves, as alternative additives are being increased. The main reasons are that natural materials can be served as renewable and eco-friendly choices such a sustainable development. Nevertheless, some limitations of applying those natural products, such as biodegradation, UV degradation, or weak bonding, are raised and need to be modified before further handling. One of the modification techniques for bio-based materials is chemical treatment by using alkaline solution (alkalization). Treatment process allows the plant's fiber to have fewer impurities as well as to increase the bonding on its contacting surface area. This research focuses on (i) effects of NaOH solution concentration on the pre-treatment properties of hemp fibers and (ii) self-treatment behavior of hemp fiber in geopolymer composites. The results show that the concentration of NaOH solution directly affected the pre-treatment process of hemp fiber as higher concentration from 1, 3, 5, 8, 10 to 12 Molar provided more vanishing level of fiber impurities, indicated by Contact Angle (CA) measurement and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy analysis. With the concept of alkaline treatment, the self-treatment process was therefore applied for hemp fiber incorporated in alkaline-activated geopolymer matrix. The results illustrate the self-treatment behavior of hemp fiber in geopolymer composites, which could improve the final performances of the hardened products without conventional pre-treatment process.

scholarly journals Survey on the effects of pre-treatment process with acid on the capacity of gelatin extraction from pork skin

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 262-265
Author(s):  
Truong Giang Nguyen ◽  
Thi Nga Nguyen ◽  
Thi Tuyet Vu ◽  
Thi Ngoan Bui
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Pre Treatment

Gelatin is increasingly becoming an important raw material in many different fields. The pretreatment stage of the production of gelatin from pork skin plays an important role, it has big effect on the quality of obtained products. A survey on 5 types of acid HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4, CH3COOH, Citric was conducted. It showed that the influence of these types of acid on the pretreatment process was different. Acetic acid made the best result with the protein after extraction reaching 54.88 mg/ml, the product bloom reached 223. The most appropriate proportion of acetic acid was 3%. A survey on the effect of soaking time on the capacity of extraction was conducted. The result showed that the 16-hour extraction brought the best result reaching 56.16 mg/ml, the product bloom reached 245. The most suitable proportion of soaking pork skin:acid was 1:2. The most appropriate temperature of acid immersion was 15°C, at which the protein after extraction reached 68.39 mg/ml, the product bloom reached 299, the viscosity reached 23 mPas. Gelatin ngày càng trở thành nguồn nguyên liệu quan trọng trong nhiều lĩnh vực khác nhau. Giai đoạn tiền xử lý của việc sản xuất gelatin từ bì lợn đóng vai trò quan trọng và có ảnh hưởng lớn tới chất lượng sản phẩm thu được. Khảo sát 5 loại axit: HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4, CH3COOH, Citric, thấy rằng ảnh hưởng của các loại axit này trong quá trình tiền xử lý là khác nhau. Axit axetic cho kết quả tốt nhất với hàm lượng protein sau trích ly đạt 54,88 mg/ml, độ bloom sản phẩm đạt 223. Nồng độ thích hợp nhất của axit axetic là 3%. Khảo sát ảnh hưởng của thời gian ngâm đến khả năng trích ly thấy rằng 16 giờ cho kết quả tốt nhất đạt 56,16 mg/ml, độ bloom sản phẩm đạt 245. Tỷ lệ ngâm bì lợn: axit thích hợp nhất là 1:2. Nhiệt độ ngâm axit thích hợp nhất là 15oC, tại đó hàm lượng protein sau trích ly đạt 68,39 mg/ml, độ bloom sản phẩm đạt 299, độ nhớt đạt 23 mPs.

Reuse of Wastewaters in Agriculture by Means of Sprinkler Irrigation on a Farmland Area of 3000 ha – Large Scale Experience in Germany

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
R. Boll ◽  
R. Kayser
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Sewage Farm ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Main Components

The Braunschweig wastewater land treatment system as the largest in Western Germany serves a population of about 270.000 and has an annual flow of around 22 Mio m3. The whole treatment process consists of three main components : a pre-treatment plant as an activated sludge process, a sprinkler irrigation area of 3.000 ha of farmland and an old sewage farm of 200 ha with surface flooding. This paper briefly summarizes the experiences with management and operation of the system, the treatment results with reference to environmental impact, development of agriculture and some financial aspects.

Vivianite Occurrence and Remediation Techniques in Biosolids Pre-treatment Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
Bipin Pathak ◽  
Ahmed Al-Omari ◽  
Scott Smith ◽  
Nicholas Passarelli ◽  
Ryu Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Pre Treatment

scholarly journals Co- and post-translational processing of the hevein preproprotein of latex of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis)

1991 ◽  
Vol 266 (24) ◽  
pp. 15944-15948
Author(s):  
H.I. Lee ◽  
W.F. Broekaert ◽  
N.V. Raikhel ◽  
H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Rubber Tree

scholarly journals Bioethanolic yeasts from dung beetles: tapping the potential of extremophilic yeasts for improvement of lignocellulolytic feedstock fermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Ejiro Nwaefuna ◽  
Karl Rumbold ◽  
Teun Boekhout ◽  
Nerve Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Extreme Stress ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

AbstractBioethanol from abundant and inexpensive agricultural and industrial wastes possesses the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Bioethanol as renewable fuel addresses elevated production costs, as well as food security concerns. Although technical advancements in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation have reduced the cost of production, one major drawback of this technology is that the pre-treatment process creates environmental stressors inhibitory to fermentative yeasts subsequently reducing bioethanol productivity. Robust fermentative yeasts with extreme stress tolerance remain limited. This review presents the potential of dung beetles from pristine and unexplored environments as an attractive source of extremophilic bioethanolic yeasts. Dung beetles survive on a recalcitrant lignocellulose-rich diet suggesting the presence of symbiotic yeasts with a cellulolytic potential. Dung beetles inhabiting extreme stress environments have the potential to harbour yeasts with the ability to withstand inhibitory environmental stresses typically associated with bioethanol production. The review further discusses established methods used to isolate bioethanolic yeasts, from dung beetles.

scholarly journals Improved strength properties of LVL glued using PVAc adhesives with physical treatment-based Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 711-725
Author(s):  
Sutrisno ◽  
Eka Mulya Alamsyah ◽  
Ginanjar Gumilar ◽  
Takashi Tanaka ◽  
Masaaki Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Horizontal Shear ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Cold Pressing ◽  
Laminated Veneer Lumber ◽  
Pressing Time

AbstractThe properties of the laminated veneer lumber (LVL) composed of the boiled veneer of Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) using polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesives in various cold-pressing time and various conditioned time with loaded and unloaded were studied. Five-ply LVL was produced by boiling veneer at 100°C for 90 min as pretreatment and cold-pressing time at 12 kgf cm−2 for 1.5, 6, 18, and 24 h then conditioned at 20°C and 65% relative humidity (RH) with loaded (12 kgf cm−2) and unloaded for 7 days as physical treatment. Especially for the delamination test, the specimens were immersed at 70 ± 3°C for 2 h and dried in the oven at 60 ± 3°C for 24 h; then, the specimens were solidified at room temperature (20°C and 65% RH) with loaded (12 kgf cm−2) and unloaded for 7, 10, 12, and 14 days. To determine the performance of LVL, the density, moisture content (MC), delamination, modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), horizontal shear strength, and formaldehyde emission tests were conducted according to the Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS 2008) for structural LVL. The MOE and MOR values were significantly influenced by the physical treatment, however, neither to horizontal shear strength nor to formaldehyde emission. The best performance of LVL has resulted from unloaded LVL with cold-pressed time for 18 h; the MOE and MOR values were 9,345.05 ± 141.61 N mm−2 and 80.67 ± 1.77 N mm−2, respectively. The best value of the horizontal shear strength was obtained from the LVL with 18 h cold-pressing time and conditioned with loaded (13.10 ± 1.47 N mm−2) and unloaded (12.23 ± 1.36 N mm−2). The percentage of delamination values decreased with an increase in the cold-pressing time and conditioning time. The lowest value of delamination (19.06%) was obtained from the LVL with 24 h cold-pressing time and conditioned with loaded for 14 days. Except the delamination test, all other properties fulfilled the JAS.

scholarly journals Ethrel® stimulant increases the activity of soluble invertase isoforms in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) bark tissues

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Débora Domiciano ◽  
◽  
Pollyanna Aparecida Carvalho ◽  
Luiz Edson Mota de Oliveira ◽  
Hilda Beatriz W. Cárdenaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Rubber Tree

Network Carbide Inheritance during Heat Treatment Process of Large Shield Machine Bearing Steel GCr15SiMn

2015 ◽  
Vol 817 ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Le Yu Zhou ◽  
Chao Lei Zhang ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Chinese Standard ◽  
Shield Machine ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

Network carbide inheritance during heat treatment process of large shield machine bearing steel GCr15SiMn was investigated by heat treatment experiments and quantitative metallographic. Samples with the proeutectoid cementite network thickness in the range of 0.19~0.54 μm were obtained by changing austenitizing temperature and soaking time of pearlite transformation. The results show that the network in hot rolled bar can be improved when the pre-heat treatment temperature is 950 °C. When the network thickness is above 0.40 μm, the undissolved cementite networks present in microstructures after quenching and tempering. In a Chinese standard, the network grades are 1.5 and 3.0 degree when the networks thickness are 0.40 μm and 0.54 μm, respectively. The critical network thickness that can be eliminated by heat treatment is 0.29 μm.

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