scholarly journals Changes in soil carbon stock in Mewat and Dhar under cereal and legume based cropping systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chakrabarti ◽  
S.K. Bandyopadhyay ◽  
D. Pratap ◽  
H. Pathak ◽  
R. Mittal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Surface Soil Layer

Soil organic carbon is strongly affected by agricultural management practices. Cropping systems can influence the amount of carbon present in soil. Increase in SOC can be related with the choice of crops present in the cropping sequence as well as on the management practices followed. The present study was undertaken to quantify the changes in soil carbon stock under different cropping systems. Two major cropping systems i.e. pearlmillet-wheat and pearlmillet-mustard were selected in Mewat, Haryana while soybean-wheat cropping systems was identified in Dhar, Madhya Pradesh. Results showed that SOC of surface soil layer decreased from 0.42% to 0.39% in pearlmillet-mustard cropping system during the study period. But in soybean-wheat cropping system it increased from 1.14% to 1.24%. Legume based cropping system showed enhancement of surface soil carbon.

Carbon dioxide fluxes on agricultural grasslands – Uncertainty associated with gap-filling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriikka Vekuri ◽  
Juha-Pekka Tuovinen ◽  
Mika Korkiakoski ◽  
Laura Heimsch ◽  
Liisa Kulmala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
Gap Filling ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock ◽  
Uncertainty Estimates

<p>Mitigation of climate change requires – besides reductions in greenhouse gas emissions – actions to increase carbon sinks and storages in terrestrial ecosystems. Agricultural lands have a high potential for increased carbon sequestration through climate-smart land management and agricultural practices. However, in order to make climate-smart farming an accredited solution for climate policy, carbon markets and product footprints, reliable verification of carbon sequestration is needed. Direct measurement of the changes in soil carbon stock is slow, laborious and expensive and has significant uncertainties due to large background stocks and high spatial variability. An alternative is to infer the soil carbon stock change from measurements of the gaseous carbon fluxes between ecosystems and the atmosphere using the micrometeorological eddy covariance (EC) method.</p><p>Eddy covariance measures net ecosystem exchange (NEE), which is a small difference between two large components: carbon uptake by photosynthesis and losses due to plant and soil respiration. Therefore, small changes in either of them results in a large change in NEE. This sensitivity is also reflected in uncertainty estimates, which are critical for defining confidence intervals for annual carbon budget estimates and for making statistically valid comparisons of different management practices.  In addition, there are inevitable gaps in the data due to instrument failure, power shortages and non-ideal flow conditions. Therefore, in order to calculate daily and annual sums, the collected data must be temporally upscaled or gap-filled, which constitutes a major additional source of uncertainty. This study compares two different gap-filling methods for CO₂ fluxes: (1) an artificial neural network and (2) non-linear regression, which uses temperature and radiation as drivers. Uncertainties associated with both methods are estimated and discussed. The analysis is based on EC flux measurements conducted at two agricultural grassland sites in Finland.</p>

Soil carbon balance in Hungarian crop rotation systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia De Luca ◽  
János Balogh ◽  
Krisztina Pintér ◽  
Szilvia Fóti ◽  
Meryem Bouteldja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>Although characteristics of the carbon balance and the organic carbon stock changes of arable lands have been the primary research focus of numerous studies, uncertainity is still a major factor in this area of research. Our aim is to determine the dynamics of carbon cycling in croplands in regards to a crop rotation consisting of different crop types and to clarify the factors driving the carbon fluxes between its main components.</p><p>A field-scale eddy covariance (EC) station was established in 2017 at a cropland site in Central Hungary in order to obtain the cropland’s annual net ecosystem exchange of CO<sub>2</sub> (NEE). Net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB) was calculated considering vertical and lateral C fluxes as well. Soil management is a conventional management with yearly deep ploughing and mineral fertilizer application.</p><p>During the three years of our experiment the crop rotation included winter wheat, winter rapeseed, sorghum and winter wheat. The largest net CO<sub>2</sub> uptake was observed during the sorghum season (from sowing to harvest, -309 g C m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>). However, extreme autumnal drought resulted in the incomplete germination of rapeseed in 2018, which led to carbon loss (108 g C m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>) during this vegetation period. Results show a significant difference between the two winter wheat seasons – sown in 2017 and 2019 – which can be explained by the differing precipitation of the two periods. Despite the strong CO<sub>2</sub> uptake of winter wheat and sorghum, NECB ranged between negligible C gain (-18.26 g C m<sup>-2</sup> year<sup>-1</sup>, sorghum) to C losses of up to 108 g C m<sup>-2</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> (rapeseed). During three years the C loss was 420 g C m<sup>-2</sup> as C export through harvest and fallow periods counterbalanced the crops’ CO<sub>2 </sub>uptake.</p><p>As a conclusion we can state this cropland could not sequester enough carbon to maintain the soil organic carbon pool and in order to reduce the risk of the depletion of soil carbon stock further efforts are needed in the field of soil management practices.</p>

Geostatistical estimation of surface soil carbon stock in Mt. Wakakusa grassland of Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairun N. Kamarudin ◽  
Mayu Tomita ◽  
Keiko Kondo ◽  
Susumu S. Abe
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock ◽  
Geostatistical Estimation

Changes in soil carbon stock under the wheat-based cropping systems at Vojvodina province of Serbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srdjan Seremesic ◽  
Vladimir Ćirić ◽  
Dragiša Milošev ◽  
Jovica Vasin ◽  
Ivica Djalovic
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock ◽  
Vojvodina Province

scholarly journals Perubahan kondisi biofisik-kimia lahan akibat pembangunan kanal pada areal IUPHHBK-HA (Sagu) PT. Austindo Nusantara Jaya Agri Papua di Kabupaten Sorong Selatan

Cassowary ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-120
Author(s):  
Reynold Kesaulija ◽  
Nurhaida Sinaga ◽  
Max J. Tokede
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock ◽  
The Impact

The constructions of canals for water use and management as well as supporting activities of productions, transportation and firebreaks lines are expected to have an impact on the biophysical and chemical changes in construction land. Therefore, the aims of this research are to know the amount of vegetation lost due to land clearing for canal constructions, land biophysical-chemical conditions changed as a result of canal clearing, aboveground carbon dioxide estimation and soil carbon stock estimation. Primary data collection determined by purposive on canal line for stand structure and composition, along with soil carbon estimation. The results showed that the opening of canal area of 82,35 ha will result in the loss of 19.866 sago trees on 40 cm average in diameter and 3.642 mature trees. Thus, sago starch on 82,35 ha will lost as much as 637,27 tons or 637.265,48 kg. Changes in land biophysical-chemical due to canal constructions are habitat fragmentation, increase in soil erosion, land slide of canal wall, changes in water quality particularly solid suspension total as a direct impact to increased turbidity, sedimentation, and siltation of canals. Furthermore, the impact of 82,35 ha canal construction was increasing of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission as much as 38.716,48 ton, and it is estimated that it will increase in line with future canal construction. Based on soil bulk density ranging from 0,58 to 1.22 g/cm3 and Carbon-organic content ranging from 16.65 to 54,16 %, it is estimated that carbon stock on 0 to 30 cm soil layer on 1 Ha area will be lost as 109 ton.

Outflows of Organic Halide Precursors from Forest Regions

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1877-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saito ◽  
K. Hattori ◽  
T. Okumura
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Organic Halide ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Surface Soil Layer

Outflows of organic halide precursors (OXPs) from forest regions were studied in relation to water quality monitoring in the Yodo River basin. Firstly, the contribution of outflows from forest regions relative to the total was roughly estimated. Then equations for flows of these substances were formulated, divided into four different subflow categories: precipitation; throughfall; surface soil layer; and, deep soil layer. Finally, annual outflow loads were calculated for a test forest area.

Nitrate Leaching to a Shallow Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer as Influenced by Conventional No-Till and Low-Input Sustainable Grain Production Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Craig ◽  
R. R. Weil
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Low Input ◽  
No Till

In December, 1987, the states in the Chesapeake Bay region, along with the federal government, signed an agreement which called for a 40% reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to the Bay by the year 2000. To accomplish this goal, major reductions in nutrient loadings associated with agricultural management practices were deemed necessary. The objective of this study was to determine if reducing fertilizer inputs to the NT system would result in a reduction in nitrogen contamination of groundwater. In this study, groundwater, soil, and percolate samples were collected from two cropping systems. The first system was a conventional no-till (NT) grain production system with a two-year rotation of corn/winter wheat/double crop soybean. The second system, denoted low-input sustainable agriculture (LISA), produced the same crops using a winter legume and relay-cropped soybeans into standing wheat to reduce nitrogen and herbicide inputs. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in groundwater were significantly lower under the LISA system. Over 80% of the NT groundwater samples had NO3-N concentrations greater than 10 mgl-1, compared to only 4% for the LISA cropping system. Significantly lower soil mineral N to a depth of 180 cm was also observed. The NT soil had nearly twice as much mineral N present in the 90-180 cm portion than the LISA cropping system.

Corrigendum to: Conservation agriculture effects on soil properties and crop productivity in a semiarid region of India

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Somasundaram ◽  
M. Salikram ◽  
N. K. Sinha ◽  
M. Mohanty ◽  
R. S. Chaudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Residue Retention

Conservation agriculture (CA) including reduced or no-tillage and crop residue retention, is known to be a self–sustainable system as well as an alternative to residue burning. The present study evaluated the effect of reduced tillage coupled with residue retention under different cropping systems on soil properties and crop yields in a Vertisol of a semiarid region of central India. Two tillage systems – conventional tillage (CT) with residue removed, and reduced tillage (RT) with residue retained – and six major cropping systems of this region were examined after 3 years of experimentation. Results demonstrated that soil moisture content, mean weight diameter, percent water stable aggregates (>0.25mm) for the 0–15cm soil layer were significantly (Pmoderately labile>less labile. At the 0–15cm depth, the contributions of moderately labile, less labile and non-labile C fractions to total organic C were 39.3%, 10.3% and 50.4% respectively in RT and corresponding values for CT were 38.9%, 11.7% and 49.4%. Significant differences in different C fractions were observed between RT and CT. Soil microbial biomass C concentration was significantly higher in RT than CT at 0–15cm depth. The maize–chickpea cropping system had significantly (P–1 followed by soybean+pigeon pea (2:1) intercropping (3.50 t ha–1) and soybean–wheat cropping systems (2.97 t ha–1). Thus, CA practices could be sustainable management practices for improving soil health and crop yields of rainfed Vertisols in these semiarid regions.

Soil carbon stock estimations: methods and a case study of the Maranhão State, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telmo José Mendes ◽  
Diego Silva Siqueira ◽  
Eduardo Barretto de Figueiredo ◽  
Ricardo de Oliveira Bordonal ◽  
Mara Regina Moitinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock
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