Combining ability and heterosis for yield and water use efficiency traits in grounndut -A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. John ◽  
P. Raghava Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Varietal Development ◽  
Use Efficiency

Hybridization followed by selection in segregating generations is the main mode of varietal development in self-pollinated crops like groundnut. Before making crosses, it is important to know which of the parents are going to nick well and yield desirable segregants in terms of yield and other desirable attributes aimed at. There are different mating designs to identify the parents to be included in hybridization programmes. One of the widely used and most informative one is diallel mating design. After identification of parents more suitable to be involved in breeding programme, it is necessary to know the mode of inheritance of the traits to be improved to make wise choice of selection approaches to be followed in segregating generations. Therefore the breeder is constantly needing to determine the potential of additional germplasm as parents, Earlier studies suggest the importance of additive general combining ability (GCA) and non additive (specific combining ability and heterosis) genetic effects in evaluating hybrid performance among parental groundnut lines. The prominent effects on crop plants are reduction in plant growth and changes in various physiological processes. Moisture stress can also adversely influence yield attributes like number of mature pods per plant, 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight, shelling per cent and harvest index.

scholarly journals Combining Ability Analysis in Sweet Corn (Zea Mays Saccharrata L.) Using Line by Tester Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Abdullah Khan ◽  
◽  
Hidayat Ur-Rahman ◽  
Ashfaq Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Corn Breeding ◽  
High Heritability

Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate the different combination of testcrosses for morphological and yield relating traits and to investigate general combining ability of the inbred lines. Materials and Methods This research was conducted at The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan during 2016. Line x-tester analysis was used to test general combining ability (GCA) effects of 24 S4 lines of sweet corn. Alpha lattice design with two replications and two checks was used during the experiment. Research data were recorded on various flowering, morphological and yield parameters. Results Highly significant variations were recorded among the testcrosses for the studied traits except anthesis silking interval (ASI), 100-kernel weight. Minimum days to tasseling (48-days) and silking (53.5-days) was exhibited by pop-syn-swt (9-4)×synthetic sweet. GCA effect was -2.14 for tasseling and -2.00 for silking. Maximum value (3.5-days) for ASI was recorded for Pop-synswt 1(8-3)×synthetic sweet, while GCA effect for ASI was -0.71. Lowest plant height (129.8 cm) was recorded for pop-syn-swt 1(3-3)×synthetic sweet, while GCA effect for plant height was observed to be -14.79. Maximum cob length (16.6 cm) was revealed by pop-syn-swt 1(12-2)×synthetic sweet. For cob length GCA effect of 1.01 was recorded. Maximum 100 kernel weight (31.3 g) was estimated for pop-syn-swt 1(2-1)×synthetic sweet. GCA effect of 1.85 was recorded for 100-kernel weight. Highest mean (7143.9 kg ha-1) for grain yield was recorded for pop-syn-swt 1(9-4)×synthetic sweet. GCA effect for grain yield was found to be 1370.93. Conclusion Generally a low GCA value, either positive or negative indicates that the mean of a parent does not largely vary from its offsprings. In contrast, high GCA value suggests that parent is either superior or inferior to the general mean and it has high heritability and less environmental effects. Based on the findings in this research, the above mentioned testcrosses can be included in future sweet corn breeding programs where early flowering and yield attributes is desired.

Heterosis and Combining Ability in Wheat under Irrigation and Moisture Stress

1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Sinolinding ◽  
A. Rehman Chowdhry
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Effective Selection

SUMMARYAnalysis of a 4-parent diallel cross showed marked heterosis for yield and its components in two crosses (Mexipak × Dirk and C273 × AU49) under irrigation, while little or negative heterosis occurred under moisture stress. A large part of the genetic variation among crosses for yield, and most components of yield, was attributed to the general combining ability, indicating that the additive effects were important. Reciprocal effects and various interactions were insignificant except for kernel weight, which suggests that effective selection could be made under irrigation of genotypes adaptable to moisture stress.

scholarly journals Diallel Anaysis of Oil Production Components in Peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey N. Wilson ◽  
Michael R. Baring ◽  
Mark D. Burow ◽  
William L. Rooney ◽  
Charles E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Ability Estimates ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Very High

Peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) has the potential to become a major source of biodiesel, but for market viability, peanut oil yields must increase. Oil yield in peanut is influenced by many different components, including oil concentration, seed mass, and mean oil produced per seed. All of these traits can potentially be improved through selection as long as there is sufficient genetic variation. To assess the variation for these traits, a diallel mating design was used to estimate general combining ability, specific combining ability, and heritability. General combining ability estimates were significant for oil concentration, weight of 50 sound mature kernels (50 SMK), and mean milligrams oil produced per SMK (OPS). Specific combining ability was significant for oil concentration. Reciprocal effects were detected for OPS. Narrow-sense heritability estimates were very high for oil concentration and 50 SMK and low for OPS. The low OPS heritability estimate was caused by the negative correlation between oil concentration and seed size. Consequently, oil concentration and seed mass alone can be improved through early generation selection, but large segregating populations from high oil crosses will be needed to identify progeny with elevated oil concentrations that maintain acceptable seed sizes.

scholarly journals Combining Ability for Canopy Growth and Gas Exchange of Interspecific Blueberries under Moderate Water Deficit

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Erb ◽  
A.D. Draper ◽  
H.J. Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Vaccinium Darrowi ◽  
Susceptible Clone

Progenies and clones of interspecific hybrid blueberries were evaluated for annual fraction of canopy volume (FCYV) and for difference in fraction of canopy volume between control and stressed plants [FCYV(C) - FCYV(S)] in a moderate water-deficit environment. The FCYV(C) - FCYV(S) data were used to determine combining ability effects. In addition, physiological processes of attached leaves of the clones were monitored with a portable photosynthesis apparatus. Specific combining ability (SCA) effects were significant for FCYV(C) - FCYV(S). The clone with the lowest mean for FCYV(C) - FCYV(S) was US75, a hybrid of Vaccinium darrowi Camp × V. corymbosum L. Clone JU64 (V. myrsinites Lamark × V. angustifolium Aiton) also had a low FCYV(C) - FCYV(S) mean, and its two progenies (JU64 × JU11 and G362 × JU64) had low progeny means. Stomatal conductance was lowered when blueberries were exposed to atmospheric and/or soil moisture stress that resulted in lower transpiration and photosynthesis and increased or equal water-use efficiencies (WUE). Blueberry plants adjusted to moisture stress as the season progressed by lowering stomatal conductance and increasing WUE. In particular, stressed plants of US75 and JU64 had equal or higher WUE values than control plants. US226 was the most drought-susceptible clone in the study, and its stomata did not appear to be as responsive to moisture stress as the other clones. Breeding for higher WUE in a dry environment appears possible with the germplasm used in this study.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of grain yield and yield-attributing traits in navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under drought and optimal environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Mutari ◽  
Julia Sibiya ◽  
Edmore Gasura ◽  
Prince Muchapondwa Matova ◽  
Kennedy Simango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Square Lattice ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Diallel Mating Design

Abstract Knowledge of the genetic basis of navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) performance under drought stress (DS) is important for planning appropriate breeding and selection strategies in DS environments. Twenty-eight F2 progenies generated from an 8 x 8 half-diallel mating design were evaluated to determine combining ability effects and mode of gene action of grain yield (GYD) and yield attributing traits in navy bean under DS and non-stressed (NS) conditions. The experiments were conducted in two locations in a 6 x 6 square lattice design with two replications during the 2020 dry season. There were significant (p < 0.001; p < 0.05) positive correlations for number of pods per plant (NPPP), number of seeds per plant (NSPP) and 100-seed weight (SW) with GYD under both DS and NS. General and specific combining ability (GCA; SCA) effects were significant (p < 0.05) under both DS and NS for most traits indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive gene effects in the expression of the traits. Parents with best combining ability for most of the studied traits were G1, G7, G6 and G8 under NS, and G3, G4, G7 and G8 under DS. The most promising progenies with high values for GYD and its component traits under DS were G2 X G3, G2 X G8, G4 X G5, G4 X G8, and G6 X G8. Good general and specific combiners with high significant positive effects under DS should be used further in breeding for moisture stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Gene Action and Combing Ability of Some Agronomic Traits in Corn Using Diallel Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Haddadi ◽  
Maqsadollah Esmaeilov ◽  
Rajab Choukan ◽  
Valiollah Rameeh
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Corn Inbred

ABSTRACT Combining ability estimates are important genetic attributes to maize breeders in anticipating improvement via hybridization and selection. To determine the combining ability for yield and yield associated traits, 8 diverse corn inbred lines were used in a half diallel mating design. Twenty eight F1 progenies along with their parents were planted in randomized complete block design with four replications in two locations during two years. Combined analysis of variance showed significant mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combing ability (SCA) for Days to silking emergence (DS), plant height (PH), 1000-kernel weight (KW), number of kernels in ear row (KR), number of rows in ear( NR ) , ear diameter (ED), cob diameter (CD), kernel yield (KY) indicating that the importance of both additive and non additive genetic effects for these traits. However, high narrow-sense heritability estimates, low degree of dominance and the ratio of estimates of GCA to SCA effects for DS , NR and CD indicated that additive genetic effect was more important for these traits. Most of the crosses with significant SCA effects for KY had at least one parent with significant GCA effects for the same traits. Significant positive correlations were detected between KY and other yield components including KW, KR, NR and ED, therefore these traits can be used as indirect selection criteria for KY improvement. The crosses MO17 × Line8, MO17 × Line 10 and MO17 × Line 12, Line 8 × Line 10 and Line 8 × Line 21 with high values of KY were considered as good cross combinations for improving the trait.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Inbred Progenies of Tropical Maize Based on Multivariate Diallel Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Fernando Lisboa Guedes ◽  
Rafael Parreira Diniz ◽  
Marcio Balestre ◽  
Camila Bastos Ribeiro ◽  
Renato Barbosa Camargos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Complete Diallel Cross ◽  
Use Efficiency

The objective of our study was to characterize and determine the patterns of genetic control in relation to tolerance and efficiency of nitrogen use by means of a complete diallel cross involving contrasting inbred progenies of tropical maize based on a univariate approach within the perspective of a multivariate mixed model. Eleven progenies, previously classified regarding the tolerance and responsiveness to nitrogen, were crossed in a complete diallel cross. Fifty-five hybrids were obtained. The hybrids and the progenies were evaluated at two different nitrogen levels, in two locations. The grain yield was measured as well as its yield components. The heritability values between the higher and lower nitrogen input environment did not differ among themselves. It was observed that the general combining ability values were similar for both approaches univariate and multivariate, when it was analyzed within each location and nitrogen level. The estimate of variance of the specific combining ability was higher than general combining ability estimate and the ratio between them was 0.54. The univariate and multivariate approaches are equivalent in experiments with good precision and high heritability. The nonadditive genetic effects exhibit greater quantities than the additive genetic effects for the genetic control of nitrogen use efficiency.

scholarly journals Breeding and genetic peculiarities of spring barley 1000 kernel weight under conditions of the central part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
V. M. Hudzenko ◽  
T. P. Polishchuk ◽  
A. A. Lysenko ◽  
L. V. Khudolii ◽  
A. I. Babenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Diallel Crossing ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Negative Dominance ◽  
Final Selection

Purpose. To reveal the breeding and genetic peculiarities for spring barley 1000 kernel weight and to identify genetic sources for breeding under conditions of the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Investigations were carried out at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the NAAS of Ukraine. Spring barley F1 of two comp­lete (6 ´ 6) diallel crossing schemes was investigated. The first scheme included modern both domestic and foreign spring barley malting varieties (‘MIP Tytul’, ‘Avhur’, ‘Datcha’, ‘Quench’, ‘Gladys’, ‘Beatrix’), the second – classic covered awned (‘MIP Myroslav’, ‘Sebastian’), awnless (‘Kozyr’, ‘Vitrazh’) and naked (‘Condor’, ‘CDC Rattan’) varieties. Results. Various types of inheritance of 1000 kernel weight were revealed, with the exception of negative dominance. The proportion of combinations with corresponding values ​​of the degree of phenotypic dominance varied depending on the genotypes involved in the crossing and the years of testing. In both crossing schemes, both in 2019 and in 2020, positive overdominance was found in most combinations. The grea­test number of combinations with the manifestation of hete­rosis under different growing conditions was noted when varieties ‘Gladys’ and ‘MIP Myroslav’ were used in crossing. According to the parameters of genetic variation, it was revealed that the trait was determined mainly by the additive-dominant system. The dominance was aimed at increasing the 1000 kernel weight. Only in the second crossing scheme in 2019 the value of the directional dominance indicator was unreliable. In the loci, incomplete dominance in 2019 and over-dominance in 2020 were revealed. Reliably high effects of the general combining ability in both years were noted for varieties ‘Datcha’, ‘Gladys’, ‘MIP Myroslav’, ‘Kozyr’ and ‘Vitrazh’. Conclusions. The revealed breeding and genetic peculiarities indicate that for the overwhelming majority of created hybrid combinations will be required the final selection in later generations, when the dominant alleles are homozygous. Spring barley awned varieties ‘Gladys’, ‘MIP Myroslav’ and ‘Datcha’, as well as awnless varieties ‘Kozyr’ and ‘Vitrage’ can be used as effective genetic sources for increa­sing the 1000 kernel weight

scholarly journals Effects of open- and self-pollination treatments on genetic estimations in maize diallel experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e0704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Kahriman ◽  
Cem Ömer Egesel ◽  
Eren Zorlu
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Kernel Quality ◽  
Parental Lines

<p>This study investigated the effects of open- and self-pollination treatments on genetic estimations and kernel biochemical content in a maize diallel experiment. A 7×7 complete reciprocal diallel set (7 parents and 42 hybrids) was used as plant material. Measured traits were: kernel weight per plant, protein content, oil content and carbohydrate content. General combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), maternal effects (MAT), non-maternal effects (NMAT) and heterosis values were compared in open- and self-pollination treatments for measured traits. Results showed that the pollination treatments had a significant effect on all investigated traits. Parental lines and hybrid combinations gave different responses. Parents had relatively higher protein and oil content in self-pollination but hybrids had lower values in self-pollination compared with open-pollination. A considerable number of genotypes showed significant differences for genetic estimations (GCA, SCA, MAT, NMAT) and heterosis between open- and self-pollination treatments. Overall, findings suggest that evaluation of kernel quality traits should be made on selfed ear samples; however, evaluation for yield should be carried out on open-pollinated samples.</p>

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