scholarly journals Effects of open- and self-pollination treatments on genetic estimations in maize diallel experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e0704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Kahriman ◽  
Cem Ömer Egesel ◽  
Eren Zorlu
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Kernel Quality ◽  
Parental Lines

<p>This study investigated the effects of open- and self-pollination treatments on genetic estimations and kernel biochemical content in a maize diallel experiment. A 7×7 complete reciprocal diallel set (7 parents and 42 hybrids) was used as plant material. Measured traits were: kernel weight per plant, protein content, oil content and carbohydrate content. General combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), maternal effects (MAT), non-maternal effects (NMAT) and heterosis values were compared in open- and self-pollination treatments for measured traits. Results showed that the pollination treatments had a significant effect on all investigated traits. Parental lines and hybrid combinations gave different responses. Parents had relatively higher protein and oil content in self-pollination but hybrids had lower values in self-pollination compared with open-pollination. A considerable number of genotypes showed significant differences for genetic estimations (GCA, SCA, MAT, NMAT) and heterosis between open- and self-pollination treatments. Overall, findings suggest that evaluation of kernel quality traits should be made on selfed ear samples; however, evaluation for yield should be carried out on open-pollinated samples.</p>

HETEROSIS, COMBINING ABILITY, AND PREDICTED SYNTHETICS FROM A DIALLEL CROSS IN SUNFLOWERS (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Putt
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Seed Characters ◽  
Mature Weight

Heterosis occurred for the eight plant and seed characters studied. It was most frequent for yield of seed and height of plant. Mean squares for general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) were significant (P =.01) for all characters. The estimated components for gca were greater than for sca for days to mature, weight per bushel, and percent oil in the seed; less for height and yield of seed; and essentially the same for days to bloom, diameter of head, and weight per 1000 seeds.The yield of seed and percent oil in the seed, for the highest ranking 100 synthetics that could be composed from the 10 lines, was predicted in F6 assuming 50 and 60% outcrossing between F2 and F6. Virtually all values exceeded the mean performance of four check samples of commercial hybrids. Many exceeded the highest rank check for oil content in the seed. Fourteen of the highest ranking 100 synthetics for yield and 30 for oil content consisted of two or three lines. It was concluded that synthetics can be superior to the present hybrids in heterosis and that desirable synthetics can be made from only a few lines.

scholarly journals Diallelic analysis for lysine and oil contents in maize grains

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Oliveira Medici ◽  
Salete Aparecida Gaziola ◽  
Vanderlei Aparecido Varisi ◽  
José Antonio Carmezini de Paula ◽  
Renato Rodrigues Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
N Level ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Six S5 lines of maize, with differences for lysine and oil contents in grains, were used to carry out a complete series of diallelic crosses. The resulting 15 hybrids were grown in a field at two nitrogen levels (10 and 130 kg N ha-1). The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were obtained by using the method 4, model I of Griffing for grain yield, and grain lysine and oil contents. Significant (p < 0.001) interaction was observed between GCA and N levels for grain yield, indicating the selection of different lines for each N level. This interaction was not significant for lysine content, but there were significant effects of GCA for this trait at both N levels (p < 0.1). Significant effects were not observed for GCA or SCA for oil content, however a positive correlation was observed between lysine and oil contents in the hybrids, in the lines and even in the control cultivars. The results indicate the effectiveness of selection for lysine content, irrespective of N level, in the studied non-opaque maize lines, and the possibility of achieving both high lysine and oil content in grains.

scholarly journals Studies on Physio-chemical Properties of Maintainer, Restorer Lines and Hybrids of Chilies (Capsicum annuum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-138
Author(s):  
Maneechat Nikornpun ◽  
K. Tunjai ◽  
K. Kaewsombat ◽  
T. Tarinta ◽  
Danai Boonyakiat
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Better Than

Physio-chemical properties of hybrid chilies (Capsicum annuum L.), parental lines and commercial varieties were evaluated in three experiments and showed significant differences among them. Heterosis, and heterobeltiosis were studied in hybrids while, combining abilities were investigated in maintainers and restorers. Positive statistical differences in the general combining ability of the maintainer lines for vitamin C, capsaicin and Hue were observed and general combining ability indicated that, CA1286 and CA1303, were good maintainers for the improvement of capsaicin and vitamin C. The other maintainers;-, CA1441 and CA1442, are good for the improvement of L* and Chroma. The maintainer, CA1441, was better than CA1442 for capsaicin content,- while the maintainer, CA1442, was better than CA1441 for vitamin C. Positivity and statistically significant differences among the restorers were  observed  for vitamin C, capsaicin, Hue and Chroma  and  the lines;-, CA 1447, CA 1448, CA 1449, CA 1450 and CA 1451, were useful for the improvement of these  physio-chemical properties of chilies. 

General Combining Ability and Maternal Effects in Crossing Three British Breeds of Beef Cattle2

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
J. A. Gaines ◽  
G. V. Richardson ◽  
R. C. Carter ◽  
W. H. McClure
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
General Combining Ability

Combining ability and heterosis for yield and water use efficiency traits in grounndut -A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. John ◽  
P. Raghava Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Varietal Development ◽  
Use Efficiency

Hybridization followed by selection in segregating generations is the main mode of varietal development in self-pollinated crops like groundnut. Before making crosses, it is important to know which of the parents are going to nick well and yield desirable segregants in terms of yield and other desirable attributes aimed at. There are different mating designs to identify the parents to be included in hybridization programmes. One of the widely used and most informative one is diallel mating design. After identification of parents more suitable to be involved in breeding programme, it is necessary to know the mode of inheritance of the traits to be improved to make wise choice of selection approaches to be followed in segregating generations. Therefore the breeder is constantly needing to determine the potential of additional germplasm as parents, Earlier studies suggest the importance of additive general combining ability (GCA) and non additive (specific combining ability and heterosis) genetic effects in evaluating hybrid performance among parental groundnut lines. The prominent effects on crop plants are reduction in plant growth and changes in various physiological processes. Moisture stress can also adversely influence yield attributes like number of mature pods per plant, 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight, shelling per cent and harvest index.

scholarly journals Grain Fe and Zn content, heterosis, combining ability and its association with grain yield in irrigated and aerobic rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Anusha ◽  
D. Sanjeeva Rao ◽  
V. Jaldhani ◽  
P. Beulah ◽  
C. N. Neeraja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Allelic Gene ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Growing Conditions

AbstractGenetic improvement of rice for grain micronutrients, viz., iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content is one of the important breeding objectives, in addition to yield improvement under the irrigated and aerobic ecosystems. In view of developing genetic resources for aerobic conditions, line (L) × tester (T) analysis was conducted with four restorers, four CMS lines and 16 hybrids. Both hybrids and parental lines were evaluated in irrigated and aerobic field conditions for grain yield, grain Fe and Zn content. General Combining Ability (GCA) effects of parents and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) effects of hybrids were observed to be contrasting for the micronutrient content in both the growing environments. The grain Fe and Zn content for parental lines were negatively correlated with grain yield in both the contrasting growing conditions. However, hybrids exhibited positive correlation for grain Fe and Zn with grain yield under limited water conditions. The magnitude of SCA mean squares was much higher than GCA mean squares implying preponderance of dominance gene action and also role of complementary non-allelic gene(s) interaction of parents and suitability of hybrids to the aerobic system. The testers HHZ12-SAL8-Y1-SAL1 (T1) and HHZ17-Y16-Y3-Y2 (T2) were identified as good combiners for grain Zn content under irrigated and aerobic conditions respectively.

scholarly journals Breeding and genetic peculiarities of spring barley 1000 kernel weight under conditions of the central part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
V. M. Hudzenko ◽  
T. P. Polishchuk ◽  
A. A. Lysenko ◽  
L. V. Khudolii ◽  
A. I. Babenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Diallel Crossing ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Negative Dominance ◽  
Final Selection

Purpose. To reveal the breeding and genetic peculiarities for spring barley 1000 kernel weight and to identify genetic sources for breeding under conditions of the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Investigations were carried out at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the NAAS of Ukraine. Spring barley F1 of two comp­lete (6 ´ 6) diallel crossing schemes was investigated. The first scheme included modern both domestic and foreign spring barley malting varieties (‘MIP Tytul’, ‘Avhur’, ‘Datcha’, ‘Quench’, ‘Gladys’, ‘Beatrix’), the second – classic covered awned (‘MIP Myroslav’, ‘Sebastian’), awnless (‘Kozyr’, ‘Vitrazh’) and naked (‘Condor’, ‘CDC Rattan’) varieties. Results. Various types of inheritance of 1000 kernel weight were revealed, with the exception of negative dominance. The proportion of combinations with corresponding values ​​of the degree of phenotypic dominance varied depending on the genotypes involved in the crossing and the years of testing. In both crossing schemes, both in 2019 and in 2020, positive overdominance was found in most combinations. The grea­test number of combinations with the manifestation of hete­rosis under different growing conditions was noted when varieties ‘Gladys’ and ‘MIP Myroslav’ were used in crossing. According to the parameters of genetic variation, it was revealed that the trait was determined mainly by the additive-dominant system. The dominance was aimed at increasing the 1000 kernel weight. Only in the second crossing scheme in 2019 the value of the directional dominance indicator was unreliable. In the loci, incomplete dominance in 2019 and over-dominance in 2020 were revealed. Reliably high effects of the general combining ability in both years were noted for varieties ‘Datcha’, ‘Gladys’, ‘MIP Myroslav’, ‘Kozyr’ and ‘Vitrazh’. Conclusions. The revealed breeding and genetic peculiarities indicate that for the overwhelming majority of created hybrid combinations will be required the final selection in later generations, when the dominant alleles are homozygous. Spring barley awned varieties ‘Gladys’, ‘MIP Myroslav’ and ‘Datcha’, as well as awnless varieties ‘Kozyr’ and ‘Vitrage’ can be used as effective genetic sources for increa­sing the 1000 kernel weight

scholarly journals Fruit Quality in Almond as Related to the Type of Pollination in Self-compatible Genotypes

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ossama Kodad ◽  
Rafel Socias i Company
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Year Effect ◽  
Kernel Quality ◽  
Physical Traits

Nut and kernel dimensions and sphericity, shelling percentage, oil content, and fatty acid composition were studied over 2 years in 15 advanced almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) selections. The aim was to test the effect of pollination type on these fruit traits for this group of new self-compatible selections of a mostly self-incompatible species as well as the yearly effect on these variables. Variability between selections was much higher than that between years, showing a moderate level of year-stability and a significant year effect only for some variables. The different pollination treatments affected all chemical components studied, as well as nut and kernel weight, but not the other physical traits. Self-pollination decreased kernel weight and volume as well as oil content and percentage of linoleic acid but increased the percentage of oleic acid. These variations in the fatty acid composition were in the trend of increasing kernel quality. Inbreeding depression could also negatively affect several aspects of nut and kernel quality. Thus, autogamous almond genotypes without apparent symptoms of inbreeding depression may yield kernels of increased nutritional and industrial quality.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Yield Related Traits in a Half Diallel Crosses of Some Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
FMA Haydar
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Effect ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Diallel Crossing ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Half Diallel

Inheritance of grain yield, heterosis and combining ability were investigated in maize populations obtained from half-diallel crossing among six inbred parental lines. General (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability effects were significantly different among parental lines. The grain yield was under the partial gene effect. The parents P1, P3 and P5were considered suitable according to their yield contributing attributes couple with general combining ability effects. The midparentheterosis values ranged from -27.246 (P2 xP5) to 15.209% (P1 xP2) whereas the better parent heterosis values varied between 22.375(P2x P3) to 40.363% (P2 x P5) only seven crosses had higher grain yields. Of those crosses, P1×P2, P2×P5 and P1×P3 were considered most promising hybrids yielding heterosis as 15.880%, 20.363% and 40.363 respectively over their parents. The Agriculturists 2020; 18(1) 18-25

Heterotic performance and combining ability in a diallel cross among spring wheats (Triticum aestivum L.)

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Hybrid Performance ◽  
Wheat Kernel ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
F1 Generation

Levels of hybrid vigour for earliness, plant height, four components of yield, and yield were examined in the F1 generation of a diallel cross of eight cultivars of spring wheat. Kernel weight and kernels per spike exhibited high levels of heterosis effects. The analysis for general combining ability indicated that a large part of the total genetic variation observed for six out of seven traits was associated with genes which were additive in their effects. The estimates for specific combining ability were highly significant for five out of seven traits. These estimates were lower than those of general combining ability for six out of seven traits. The combining ability analysis helped in classifying the parents in terms of their hybrid performance and in gaining greater understanding of the nature of quantitatively inherited traits. The importance of genetic diversity in relation to heterosis was also assessed.

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