Genetic Analysis by Using Partial Diallel Crossing of Maize In High Plant Densities (Estimation GCA, SCA and Some Genetic Parameters)

The experiment was carried out at the Field Crops Research Station, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad in Jadiriyah, with the aim of evaluating the performance of partial diallel hybrids and inbred lines of maize and estimating general combining ability(GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and some genetic parameters. The experiment was carried out in two seasons, spring and fall 2020. Eight inbred lines of maize were used in the study (BI9/834, BSW18, LW/5 L8/844, ZA17W194, Z117W, ZI17W9, ZI7W4), numbered (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8), It was sowed in the spring season and entered into a cross-program according to a partial diallel crossing system to obtain twelve partially cross-hybrids, and it was compared with its eight parents in a comparison experiment in the fall season using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plots arrangement with three replication. The plant densities of 70 and 90 thousand plants ha-1 represented the main plots, while the partial diallel hybrids and their parents represented the secondary plots. The results of the study showed that the ratio between GCA and SCA) GCA/SCA) It was more than 1 for yield traits, ear length, number of rows and number of row grains in both low and high densities, which indicates the control of the additive genetic action on these traits. While the ratio was less than one for the traits of the ear diameter under the low density, which indicates the control of dominance genes on this trait in the mentioned density, while the trait of the number of ear grains, the ratio between the general and specific combining abilities was less than one in the high density. Inbred line 8 had the highest effect for the general ability to combine under low density, which amounted to 11.075, while inbred line 2 was superior by giving the highest effect to the general ability to combine at low density, which amounted to 17.80, followed by inbred 8.

Daya Gabung Beberapa Varietas Padi (Oryza sativa L.) pada Persilangan Dialel Menggunakan Metode Griffing II

Diallel crossing is a method that is widely used to determine the ability to combine each individual so that it can identify the potential elders to be used in crossbreeding programs to assemble high yielding varieties. This experiment aims to determine the combining power of dialelic crosses of several varieties of rice using the Griffing II method, carried out in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Mataram University in Nyiur Lembang Village, Narmada District, West Lombok Regency, from February to July 2019. This experiment uses the method experiments carried out in the field. The materials used in this experiment were four parents, namely IPB 3S variety, Situ Patenggang variety, Inpari 32 and G11 strain and the phenotype of the cross between the four parents. The experimental results showed that the effects of general affinity and special affinity for all observed characters (plant height, number of productive tillers, number of non-productive tillers, panicle length, number of filled grain, number of empty grain and weight of 100 grains) were significantly different, except on the effect of general affinity for the number of non-productive tillers showed no significant difference. The results of the combined power analysis of the four elders were positive, so it can be said that the four elders would get good results when crossed with a number of other genotypes.

Breeding and genetic peculiarities of spring barley 1000 kernel weight under conditions of the central part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe

Purpose. To reveal the breeding and genetic peculiarities for spring barley 1000 kernel weight and to identify genetic sources for breeding under conditions of the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Investigations were carried out at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the NAAS of Ukraine. Spring barley F1 of two comp­lete (6 ´ 6) diallel crossing schemes was investigated. The first scheme included modern both domestic and foreign spring barley malting varieties (‘MIP Tytul’, ‘Avhur’, ‘Datcha’, ‘Quench’, ‘Gladys’, ‘Beatrix’), the second – classic covered awned (‘MIP Myroslav’, ‘Sebastian’), awnless (‘Kozyr’, ‘Vitrazh’) and naked (‘Condor’, ‘CDC Rattan’) varieties. Results. Various types of inheritance of 1000 kernel weight were revealed, with the exception of negative dominance. The proportion of combinations with corresponding values ​​of the degree of phenotypic dominance varied depending on the genotypes involved in the crossing and the years of testing. In both crossing schemes, both in 2019 and in 2020, positive overdominance was found in most combinations. The grea­test number of combinations with the manifestation of hete­rosis under different growing conditions was noted when varieties ‘Gladys’ and ‘MIP Myroslav’ were used in crossing. According to the parameters of genetic variation, it was revealed that the trait was determined mainly by the additive-dominant system. The dominance was aimed at increasing the 1000 kernel weight. Only in the second crossing scheme in 2019 the value of the directional dominance indicator was unreliable. In the loci, incomplete dominance in 2019 and over-dominance in 2020 were revealed. Reliably high effects of the general combining ability in both years were noted for varieties ‘Datcha’, ‘Gladys’, ‘MIP Myroslav’, ‘Kozyr’ and ‘Vitrazh’. Conclusions. The revealed breeding and genetic peculiarities indicate that for the overwhelming majority of created hybrid combinations will be required the final selection in later generations, when the dominant alleles are homozygous. Spring barley awned varieties ‘Gladys’, ‘MIP Myroslav’ and ‘Datcha’, as well as awnless varieties ‘Kozyr’ and ‘Vitrage’ can be used as effective genetic sources for increa­sing the 1000 kernel weight

Variability and genetic control of the “seedlings-earing” interphase period in spring barley under water deficit

Purpose. To determine the variability and genetic control of the “seedlings–earing” interphase period in spring barley under water deficit, to theoretically substantiate generations for selection in the diallel crossing design using cultivars bred at different breeding institutions and of different ecotypes, thereby solving the problem of shortening the spring barley breeding process. Material and methods. The study was conducted at Donetsk State Agricultural Station of NAAS of Ukraine. In 2018–2019, hybridization was performed and over 150 grains for each combination were obtained. In 2019–2020, the field experiments were laid out; cultivars and hybrids were sown within the optimal timeframe. The plots were arranged as per a P1 F1 P2 scheme. The row length was 1.5 m. A cassette seeder SKS-6-10 was used. The nutrition area was 10 cm x 20 cm. The experiments were carried out in three replications. The predecessor was black fallow. Data were processed using the package of applications for processing genetic and breeding experiments "EliteSystems gr." developed by the PPI nd.a. V.Ya. Yuriev NAASU. Based on genetic analysis, the Hayman parameters were determined. Results and discussion. The “seedlings–earing” interphase period in the cultivars varied 42.8 days to 49.1 days. In F1 hybrids, the “seedlings–earing” interphase period varied significantly, depending on crossing of cultivars of different ecotypes. Significant influence and SCA variance, the effects of allelic and non-allelic interactions were higher in a less favorable year: 18% vs. 14.5%. Analysis of the hybrid combinations indicates that the female effect, which increases the earing time, was seen in the hybrid combinations Partner/Komandor, Komandor/Baskak, Bohun/Baskak, and Bohun/Komandor. Baskak and Svarozhych reduced the earing time, while Komandor and Bohun increased it, and the GCA effects were most pronounced in the latter. Evaluation of the Wr–Vr difference homogeneity using t-test revealed no epistatic interaction (t = 0.21 and 0.10 insignificant). The regression line passes above the origin, indicating the leading role of dominance in the genetic control of the “seedlings–earing” period. This is confirmed by the indicator of medium degree of dominance. The divergence of the cultivar points along the regression line is significant, indicating the differentiation of the genotypes by the presence of dominant and recessive genes. In 2019, Partner and Komander were in the dominant zone, Baskak, Svarozhych and Bohun – in the recessive one. In 2020, Svarozhych and Komandor were in the recessive zone, and Bohun moved from the recessive zone to the dominant one. In general, the location of the cultivars along the regression line is relatively stable. In the loci that show dominance, the product of the frequencies of positive and negative alleles was asymmetric, and the ratio of the total number of dominant genes to the total number of recessive ones, proceeding from the values of >1, indicates prevalence of the former. In the genetic control of the “seedlings–earing” interphase period, incomplete intra-locus dominance and inter-locus additivity were recorded. Conclusions. Cultivars of different ecotypes bred at different breeding institutions, with due account for their competitiveness in terms of performance, were taken as initial components. Of crossing designs, we preferred diallel crossing for the following reasons: it allows obtaining the full range of combinatorics of the parents’ genetic information. The assemblage of F1 hybrids and parental cultivars gives a typical segregation. Starting selection, we have an idea about the trait inheritance and can determine from which generation to start it. Positive correlation coefficients between Wr + Vr and Xp (P3 = 0.32 ± 40 and 0.52 ± 0.32) indicate the stability of genetic systems determining the barley earing time, but they are insignificant, indicating the dominance direction, i.e. both dominant and recessive genes can reduce or increase this trait. The trait is controlled by a single genetic system, so selection can be based both on dominant alleles and on recessive ones, regardless of whether or not they reduce “seedlings-earing” interphase period. One should prefer recessive alleles, because they can be manifested in F2. Svarozhych can be used as a source to reduce the “seedlings-earing” interphase period, while Bohun can lengthen it

High Lycopene Tomato Breeding Through Diallel Crossing

Tomatoes are known as one of the natural source of antioxidant, which is a compound that can inhibit and reduce oxidative cell and biomolecule damages, such as lipid, protein, and DNA. Health benefits from lycopene made this compound a tomato breeding subject for increasing its nutrient content. Tomato breeding is an environment friendly and sustainable method in agriculture biofortification methods, hence making the efforts for increasing tomato lycopene content to be possible. The aim of this research was to produce tomato hybrid with high lycopene and yield. This research was conducted in Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin Univerisy, Makassar throughout June-Septermber 2020. This research was done in full diallel analysis using Griffing 1 method. Hybrid characters are highly determined with the presence of maternal effect. Lycopene has no correlation with productionCharacters correlated with lycopene are plant height, number of leaves, number of fruits per bunch, fruit length and fruit diameter, whilst productivity is correlated with number of leaves, stem diameter, and fruit diameter. Hybrids that can be used in further selection are CM, MC, MBC and KBC

Inheritance of Yield Related Traits in a Half Diallel Crosses of Some Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes

Inheritance of grain yield, heterosis and combining ability were investigated in maize populations obtained from half-diallel crossing among six inbred parental lines. General (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability effects were significantly different among parental lines. The grain yield was under the partial gene effect. The parents P1, P3 and P5were considered suitable according to their yield contributing attributes couple with general combining ability effects. The midparentheterosis values ranged from -27.246 (P2 xP5) to 15.209% (P1 xP2) whereas the better parent heterosis values varied between 22.375(P2x P3) to 40.363% (P2 x P5) only seven crosses had higher grain yields. Of those crosses, P1×P2, P2×P5 and P1×P3 were considered most promising hybrids yielding heterosis as 15.880%, 20.363% and 40.363 respectively over their parents. The Agriculturists 2020; 18(1) 18-25

Selection-genetic features of spring barley varieties in a system of diallel crosses

Aim. Establishment of breeding-genetic features of spring barley varieties, their parentals components and hybrids generated via diallel crossing scheme and the efficiency of creating new source material for the crop breeding on their basis. Methods. Breeding and genetic. Statistical (variance, variational, correlation). Responsive. Path analysis. Genetic analyses. Results. Establishing the features of morphological and biological indicators, the level of adaptability, variability, correlation, path analysis, inheritance, combining ability on the basis of varieties and their parent components of spring barley. As a result of the research, the breeding value of varieties as sources of valuable traits was determined and a new source material and a variety of spring barley were created. Conclusions. Selection-genetic features of quantitative traits of spring barley varieties and their parental components have been established. Varieties as sources of valuable traits have been identified. Valuable lines have been created as source material for breeding, as well as barley variety. Keywords: barley, morpho-biological and genetic features of characters, breeding value, line, variety.