scholarly journals Breeding and genetic peculiarities of spring barley 1000 kernel weight under conditions of the central part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
V. M. Hudzenko ◽  
T. P. Polishchuk ◽  
A. A. Lysenko ◽  
L. V. Khudolii ◽  
A. I. Babenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Diallel Crossing ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Negative Dominance ◽  
Final Selection

Purpose. To reveal the breeding and genetic peculiarities for spring barley 1000 kernel weight and to identify genetic sources for breeding under conditions of the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Investigations were carried out at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the NAAS of Ukraine. Spring barley F1 of two comp­lete (6 ´ 6) diallel crossing schemes was investigated. The first scheme included modern both domestic and foreign spring barley malting varieties (‘MIP Tytul’, ‘Avhur’, ‘Datcha’, ‘Quench’, ‘Gladys’, ‘Beatrix’), the second – classic covered awned (‘MIP Myroslav’, ‘Sebastian’), awnless (‘Kozyr’, ‘Vitrazh’) and naked (‘Condor’, ‘CDC Rattan’) varieties. Results. Various types of inheritance of 1000 kernel weight were revealed, with the exception of negative dominance. The proportion of combinations with corresponding values ​​of the degree of phenotypic dominance varied depending on the genotypes involved in the crossing and the years of testing. In both crossing schemes, both in 2019 and in 2020, positive overdominance was found in most combinations. The grea­test number of combinations with the manifestation of hete­rosis under different growing conditions was noted when varieties ‘Gladys’ and ‘MIP Myroslav’ were used in crossing. According to the parameters of genetic variation, it was revealed that the trait was determined mainly by the additive-dominant system. The dominance was aimed at increasing the 1000 kernel weight. Only in the second crossing scheme in 2019 the value of the directional dominance indicator was unreliable. In the loci, incomplete dominance in 2019 and over-dominance in 2020 were revealed. Reliably high effects of the general combining ability in both years were noted for varieties ‘Datcha’, ‘Gladys’, ‘MIP Myroslav’, ‘Kozyr’ and ‘Vitrazh’. Conclusions. The revealed breeding and genetic peculiarities indicate that for the overwhelming majority of created hybrid combinations will be required the final selection in later generations, when the dominant alleles are homozygous. Spring barley awned varieties ‘Gladys’, ‘MIP Myroslav’ and ‘Datcha’, as well as awnless varieties ‘Kozyr’ and ‘Vitrage’ can be used as effective genetic sources for increa­sing the 1000 kernel weight

Heterosis and Combining Ability in Wheat under Irrigation and Moisture Stress

1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Sinolinding ◽  
A. Rehman Chowdhry
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Effective Selection

SUMMARYAnalysis of a 4-parent diallel cross showed marked heterosis for yield and its components in two crosses (Mexipak × Dirk and C273 × AU49) under irrigation, while little or negative heterosis occurred under moisture stress. A large part of the genetic variation among crosses for yield, and most components of yield, was attributed to the general combining ability, indicating that the additive effects were important. Reciprocal effects and various interactions were insignificant except for kernel weight, which suggests that effective selection could be made under irrigation of genotypes adaptable to moisture stress.

GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS IN SMOOTH BROMEGRASS. I. YIELD

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai-Koon Tan ◽  
Geok-Yong Tan ◽  
P. D. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
Half Diallel

Twenty-one progenies and the parents of a 7 × 7 half diallel cross of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) were evaluated at four locations in Alberta in each of two years, for genetic variation and genetic by environment interactions in the expression of their yield potentials. Years, locations and their interactions were highly significant in the combined analysis of variance. Combining ability analysis revealed that general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were both important in the expression of yield, including spring, fall and annual yield, whereas GCA was more important than SCA for yield per area. Although the genotype × environment interactions were all highly significant, variation accounted for by combining ability effects was generally higher than the interaction effects of GCA and SCA respectively, with environments. High average GCA effects for spring, fall and annual yield were demonstrated for the clones UA5, UA9 and B42. These together with the high average SCA effects suggested that the three clones could be included in a synthetic to develop high yielding cultivars. The results suggested that recurrent selections involving multi-location and multi-year testing seems necessary in breeding for high yielding bromegrass cultivars in Alberta.

GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMBINING ABILITY IN SEVEN INBRED STRAWBERRY LINES

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis E. Aalders ◽  
Donald L. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Additive Genetic Variation

Seedlings of a diallel cross of seven strawberry inbreds omitting reciprocals were fruited in matted rows. Per acre fruit yields were comparable with leading cultivars, but berry appearance and quality of the hybrids were poor. Differences in resistance to powdery mildew reflected the values of the cultivars from which the inbreds were derived.All four characters studied showed significant general combining ability values, and three of the four showed significant specific combining ability values. These results are consistent with previous findings of considerable amounts of non-additive genetic variation in the strawberry.

scholarly journals The quality of spring wheat and barley grain under the influence of protective-stimulating preparations in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012062
Author(s):  
K V Moiseeva ◽  
O V Shulepova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
The Third

Abstract The purpose of the research is to study the effect of the fungicide Lamador and the humic preparation Rostok on the quality of spring wheat and spring barley in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. According to the yield, we found that pre-sowing seeds treatment with Lamador protectant and joint treatment with Rostock contributed to an increase in yield by 0.70 t/ha of spring wheat and 0.15 t/ha of spring barley, in the option with the pre-sowing seeds treatment with Lamador protectant and Rostock preparation by 0.90 t/ha and 0.10 t/ha. The highest yield of spring wheat was noted in the third option – 4.10 t/ha, of spring barley in the second option – 3.52 t/ha. An increase in the thousand kernel weight was noted in the crops under study. The highest thousand kernel weight was observed for spring wheat and spring barley in the third option – 30.2 g and 54.3 g, respectively. The maximum protein content in the spring wheat grain was noted in the third option –13.3%, which is higher than the control option by 1.3%, for spring barley we also noted protein increase by 0.4-0.5%. Thus, the experimental application of the fungicide Lamador together with the preparation Rostok for wheat seeds treatment demonstrated a positive effect of the protectants on plants in the agro-climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region and contributed to an increase in crop yield by 28% for spring wheat and 4% for spring barley, which proved the need for their use in the plant protection system, to increase the productivity and quality of the grain obtained.

scholarly journals The combining ability of poltava meat and welsh pigs breed combination

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 270-273
Author(s):  
O. M. Tsereniuk ◽  
O. V. Akimov ◽  
O. I. Chalyi ◽  
Yu. V. Chereuta
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Diallel Crossing ◽  
Reciprocal Crossing ◽  
Positive Effect

Aim. Poltava Meat and Welsh pigs breed reciprocal crossing combination ability study. Methods. The combination ability evaluation method, the method of incomplete diallel crossing. The traditional methods of pigs general and specific combining ability effects estimation. Results. The Rosinka family sows were characterized by positive values of general combining ability, except the prolificacy rate. The Bystra family sows by the multiple pregnancy and milk production indexes had positive values of general combining ability, but by a nest weight at a birth and weaning – negative. For the Vorskla family sows the positive indexes of general combining ability were identified for a nest weight at a birth only, for the rest indexes – the negative value of general combining ability were installed. The Rosinka family sows had the positive value of specific combining ability for all maternal productivity indxes. The Bystra family sows were characterized by positive value of specific combining ability only for a nest weight at a birth and milk production indexes. The Vorskla family sows by the all maternal productivity indexes had negative specific combining values. Conclusions. For complex reproductive ability indexes for various lines and families combinations the highest positive effect of specific combining values was obtained for Rosinka family sows combinations of Poltava meat breed with the Welsh breed boars. Keywords: pigs, Welsh breed, Poltava Meat breed, reproductive ability, combining ability.

Combining ability and heterosis for yield and water use efficiency traits in grounndut -A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. John ◽  
P. Raghava Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Varietal Development ◽  
Use Efficiency

Hybridization followed by selection in segregating generations is the main mode of varietal development in self-pollinated crops like groundnut. Before making crosses, it is important to know which of the parents are going to nick well and yield desirable segregants in terms of yield and other desirable attributes aimed at. There are different mating designs to identify the parents to be included in hybridization programmes. One of the widely used and most informative one is diallel mating design. After identification of parents more suitable to be involved in breeding programme, it is necessary to know the mode of inheritance of the traits to be improved to make wise choice of selection approaches to be followed in segregating generations. Therefore the breeder is constantly needing to determine the potential of additional germplasm as parents, Earlier studies suggest the importance of additive general combining ability (GCA) and non additive (specific combining ability and heterosis) genetic effects in evaluating hybrid performance among parental groundnut lines. The prominent effects on crop plants are reduction in plant growth and changes in various physiological processes. Moisture stress can also adversely influence yield attributes like number of mature pods per plant, 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight, shelling per cent and harvest index.

scholarly journals Grain Fe and Zn content, heterosis, combining ability and its association with grain yield in irrigated and aerobic rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Anusha ◽  
D. Sanjeeva Rao ◽  
V. Jaldhani ◽  
P. Beulah ◽  
C. N. Neeraja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Allelic Gene ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Growing Conditions

AbstractGenetic improvement of rice for grain micronutrients, viz., iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content is one of the important breeding objectives, in addition to yield improvement under the irrigated and aerobic ecosystems. In view of developing genetic resources for aerobic conditions, line (L) × tester (T) analysis was conducted with four restorers, four CMS lines and 16 hybrids. Both hybrids and parental lines were evaluated in irrigated and aerobic field conditions for grain yield, grain Fe and Zn content. General Combining Ability (GCA) effects of parents and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) effects of hybrids were observed to be contrasting for the micronutrient content in both the growing environments. The grain Fe and Zn content for parental lines were negatively correlated with grain yield in both the contrasting growing conditions. However, hybrids exhibited positive correlation for grain Fe and Zn with grain yield under limited water conditions. The magnitude of SCA mean squares was much higher than GCA mean squares implying preponderance of dominance gene action and also role of complementary non-allelic gene(s) interaction of parents and suitability of hybrids to the aerobic system. The testers HHZ12-SAL8-Y1-SAL1 (T1) and HHZ17-Y16-Y3-Y2 (T2) were identified as good combiners for grain Zn content under irrigated and aerobic conditions respectively.

scholarly journals Identification of spring barley genetic sources of increased and stable 1000 kernel weight performance (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hudzenko ◽  
О. Demyanyuk ◽  
T. Polishchuk ◽  
O. Babii ◽  
A. Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Ammi Model ◽  
Equal Contribution

The trials were conducted in 2018–2020 at the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS. The aim of the research was to identify new spring barley genetic sources with combination of increased and stable 1000 kernel weight performance for creation initial breeding material under ecological conditions of the central part of Ukrainian Forest-steppe. There were studied 96 spring barley collection accessions originated in different ecological conditions. To identify peculiarities among genotypes within different subspecies (two-rowed and sixrowed), groups of varieties (covered and naked), as well as among two-rowed covered accessions of different ecological origin the genotypes under study were divided into six groups. Within four groups of accessions there were selected genotypes combining the maximum 1000 kernel weight performance and high homeostatic (Hom) and selection value (Sc) indexes. The other two groups of accessions were characterized with the fact that genotypes with high1000 kernel weight through three years did not have high Hom and Sc indexes due to higher variability. The analysis of variance of the AMMI model revealed almost the equal contribution to the total variance for growing season conditions (34.02%), genotype (34.67%) and their interaction (31.32%). The identified features indicate both the significant genetic diversity presented in this panel of spring barley accessions and the significant influence of weather conditions on the formation of 1000 kernel weight, as well as the different reaction of genotypes on the conditions of individual years of the research. When using statistical parameters and visualizations of the GGE biplot, new spring barley genetic sources with the optimal combination of increased and stable the trait performance were identified. In particular, to improve 1000 kernel weight the accessions Sviatovit (UKR), Dar Nosivshchyny (UKR), Smaragd (UKR), Sunshine (DEU), Lilly (DEU), and Vladlen (KGZ) are recommended to use as parental components for two-rowed covered barley varieties, the accession NSGJ-1 (SRB) is for naked barley varieties, and Yerong (AUS) is for six-rowed barley varieties.

scholarly journals Effects of open- and self-pollination treatments on genetic estimations in maize diallel experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e0704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Kahriman ◽  
Cem Ömer Egesel ◽  
Eren Zorlu
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Kernel Quality ◽  
Parental Lines

<p>This study investigated the effects of open- and self-pollination treatments on genetic estimations and kernel biochemical content in a maize diallel experiment. A 7×7 complete reciprocal diallel set (7 parents and 42 hybrids) was used as plant material. Measured traits were: kernel weight per plant, protein content, oil content and carbohydrate content. General combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), maternal effects (MAT), non-maternal effects (NMAT) and heterosis values were compared in open- and self-pollination treatments for measured traits. Results showed that the pollination treatments had a significant effect on all investigated traits. Parental lines and hybrid combinations gave different responses. Parents had relatively higher protein and oil content in self-pollination but hybrids had lower values in self-pollination compared with open-pollination. A considerable number of genotypes showed significant differences for genetic estimations (GCA, SCA, MAT, NMAT) and heterosis between open- and self-pollination treatments. Overall, findings suggest that evaluation of kernel quality traits should be made on selfed ear samples; however, evaluation for yield should be carried out on open-pollinated samples.</p>

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