Contagious ecthyma outbreak among goats at Nilgiri hills

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Balakrishnan ◽  
R. Venkataramanan ◽  
A. Ramesh ◽  
Parimal Roy
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Contagious Ecthyma ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Nilgiris

Contagious ecthyma is a highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats, caused by Parapoxvirus. In the present outbreak over a range of 3 km radius in a hamlet near Ooty town in the Nilgiris hills, a total of 174 out of 194 non-descript goats were clinically affected with the symptoms of pyrexia (40°C), anorexia, depression, proliferative scab lesions on the skin around the mouth, oral commissures and nostrils. The morbidity rate was 89.7% without mortality. The symptoms were suggestive of contagious ecthyma. The disease was confirmed by agar gel immunodiffusion test, counter immunoelectrophoresis, and by polymerase chain reaction. Affected goats were treated with antibiotics, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory and vitamin B complex injections parenterally. Commercially available herbal topical spray (Topicure®) and/or neem leaf and turmeric paste was applied to alleviate the skin lesions. Affected goats were recovered in 4 to 5 weeks. This paper reports the first incidence of contagious ecthyma outbreak in goats during rainy season of the year in high altitude (the Nilgiri hills), Tamil Nadu.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid may not be detected in non-genital benign papillomatous skin lesions by polymerase chain reaction

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davoodi Kaveh ◽  
Ayatollahi Hossein ◽  
Ghanadan Alireza ◽  
Damavandi Maede ◽  
Aghazadeh Nessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Detection of Human Papillomavirus in Cervical Gradings by Immunohistochemistry and Typing of HPV 16 and 18 in High-Grades by Polymerase Chain Reaction

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 031-036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrudula Soma ◽  
Suhasini Kamaraj
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Polymerase Chain

ABSTRACT Background: Cervical cancer has a major impact on developing countries, where screening programs are not well established or effective. Aim: This study aims to investigate Human papillomavirus (HPV) 6, 11 and 18 expression in cervical biopsies by immunohistochemistry, (IHC) followed by typing of high-risk HPV 16 and 18 in high-grades by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Settings and Design: During the study period of six months, 30 biopsy samples were obtained from patients attending various gynecology clinics in and around Trichy District, Tamil Nadu, between January and June 2009. Materials and Methods: The ecto- and endoscopic biopsy specimens of the cervix were fixed in 10% buffered formalin; routine paraffin sections were taken for processing and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The samples were graded as Normal cervicitis, Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, II, III, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), for original diagnosis by pathologists. The extra sections were studied for the expression of HPV 6, 11 and 18 by immunohistochemistry and HPV DNA 16 and18 by PCR. Results: Out of thirty samples, 15 expressed positive and 15 negative for HPV marker. Twenty-seven cases of cervical gradings have been categorized into high grade CIN II/III, SCC (23) and low grade CIN I (4). The high grades were subjected to PCR for high-risk typing. The results revealed that 15 cases were positive for HPV genotype 16 and eight cases for HPV genotype 18. The prevalence of HPV infection was found to be higher in women aged between 50 and 59. Conclusion: This study reveals a significant detection of HPV in the South Indian suspected individuals, by the use of advanced techniques such as IHC and PCR.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Orf virus isolates from Kodai hills, Tamil Nadu, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1022-1027
Author(s):  
G. Nagarajan ◽  
R. Pourouchottamane ◽  
G. B. Manjunatha Reddy ◽  
R. Yogisharadhya ◽  
K. Sumana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Orf Virus ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
B2l Gene ◽  
Bovine Papular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Reference Strains

Aim: The present study was carried out to find out the causative agent of exanthematous skin lesions in sheep maintained by Southern Regional Research Centre, Mannavanur, Kodai hills, Tamil Nadu. Materials and Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with Orf virus (ORFV) B2L gene-specific primers was carried out by employing the total genomic DNA isolated from the scabs as the template. The ORFV isolates from Kodai hills were characterized by the use of bioinformatics tools. Results: The amino acid identity of ORFV isolate 1 from Kodai hills is having 98.14%, 96.29%, and 83.59% identity with reference strains of ORFV, Pseudocowpox virus, and bovine papular stomatitis virus, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ORFV isolates from Kodai hills clustered with the other ORFV isolates from different geographical areas of India. Conclusion: The etiological agent of exanthematous skin lesion among sheep of Kodai hills is ORFV.

scholarly journals Application of immunofluorescence assay and nested polymerase chain reaction for query fever diagnosis in animal handlers of Puducherry, South India, and phylogenetic analysis based on IS1111 repetitive gene element

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1769-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jothimani Pradeep ◽  
Selvaraj Stephen ◽  
Balakrishnan Sangeetha ◽  
Prabakar Xavier Antony ◽  
S. Amsaveni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
South India ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Gene Element ◽  
Animal Handlers

Background and Aim: Diagnosis of query fever (QF) is mostly done on the basis of serological/molecular tests, due to the stringent requirement of biosafety level-3 containment facilities for isolating Coxiella burnetii in culture. QF is an important zoonosis and is considered to be an occupational hazard to livestock handlers. This report describes our study on the serological as well as molecular evidence of QF in animal handlers from Puducherry and surrounding Tamil Nadu, from where, to the best of our knowledge, no such reports are available so far. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five animal handlers were recruited, comprising veterinarians, slaughterhouse workers, butchers, and animal attendants of various government veterinary clinics from Puducherry and surrounding areas of Tamil Nadu state. QF serology was performed to identify Phase I and Phase II immunoglobulin G antibodies to C. burnetii. Nested polymerase chain reaction (N-PCR) was carried out to detect C. burnetii DNA in buffy coat samples by targeting IS1111 gene element. N-PCR-positive samples were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA software version 10.0. Results: A total of 21 animal handlers (28.1%) were positive for either serology or PCR. PCR alone was positive in 10 (13.4%), only serology was positive in 8 (10.7%), and both serology and PCR were positive in three samples (4.0%). GenBank accession numbers were obtained for 13 N-PCR-positive samples (MG548608-MG548620). Six of our study sequences showed close similarity with the reference isolates from Bengaluru, Colombia, Brazil, France, and Iran. Conclusion: A significant percentage of QF positivity in animal handlers of this part of South India, Puducherry, warrants a prospective study with follow-up of a large number of this occupational group.

Elucidating the Pivotal Role of Immune Players in the Management of COVID-19: Focus on Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seidu A. Richard ◽  
Sylvanus Kampo ◽  
Marian Sackey ◽  
Maite Esquijarosa Hechavarria ◽  
Alexis D. B. Buunaaim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Paracrine Secretion ◽  
Polymerase Chain

: The world is currently engulfed with a viral disease with no cure. So, far, millions of people are infected with the virus across the length and breadth of world with thousand losing their lives each passing day. The WHO is February 2020 classified the virus as a coronavirus and the name Coronavirus-19 (CoV-19) was offered to the virus. The disease caused by the virus was termed coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is associated with elevation of several immune plays as well as inflammatory factors which contributes to cytokine storms. Currently, the detection of CoV-19 RNA is through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of suppressing several kinds of cytokines via the paracrine secretion system. Therefore, MSCs therapy could be game charges in the treatment of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Also, intravenous IG may be capable of suppressing the high expression of IL-6 by the CoV-19 resulting in lessen disease burden. Anti-inflammatory medications like, corticosteroids, tocilizumab, glycyrrhetinic acid, as well as etoposide may be very advantageous in decreasing the COVID-19 burden because, their mode of action targets the cytokine storms initiated by the CoV-19. It is important to indicate that, these medication does not target the virus itself. Therefore, potent CoV-19 anti-viral medications are needed to completely cure patients with COVID-19. Also, a vaccine is urgently needed to stop the spread of the virus. This review therefore elucidates the immune players in the management of COVID-19; focusing principally on MSCs and inflammatory mediators.

Conventional and Molecular Detection of Avipoxviruses from Chickens, Pigeons and Turkeys

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samah Mosad
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Hyperimmune Serum ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Indirect Immunoperoxidase ◽  
Pooled Samples ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Precipitation Test

In the present study, a total of 90 cutaneous lesions samples were collected from chickens, pigeons, and turkeys farms in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during summer 2016. These farms suspected to be infected with Avipoxviruses (APVs).Thirty pooled samples were created (10 from chickens, 10 from pigeons and 10 from turkeys). Hyperimmune serum was prepared against standard fowlpox virus in adult white New Zealand rabbits. APV were identified in the collected samples using agar gel precipitation test (AGPT), indirect immunoperoxidase, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on 4b gene of APVs. The results revealed that out of 30 tested samples there were 16 samples (53.3%) tested positive via AGPT including, 6 chicken samples (60%) , 5 pigeon samples (50%) and 5 turkey samples (50%). while using indirect immunoperoxidase, positive results were detected in 23 samples (76.7%) including, 8 chicken samples (80%), 8 pigeon samples (80%) and 7 turkey samples (70%).The 4b gene of APVs was detected using PCR in all tested samples (100%). In conclusion, Indirect immunoperoxidase is superior over AGPT in APVs detection in collected samples from chickens, pigeons and turkeys. PCR could be efficiently used in molecular diagnosis of the virus.

Diagnostic Pitfalls in an Atypical Case of Primary Neuritic Leprosy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnie Ooi ◽  
Shrein Saini
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Nerve Biopsy ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Atypical Case ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Histological Confirmation ◽  
High Resolution Ultrasonography ◽  
Diagnostic Pitfalls

Primary neuritic leprosy is a form of leprosy clinically limited to the peripheral nerves without obvious skin lesions. Diagnosing leprosy in the absence of typical dermatological features is challenging and often causes a delay in diagnosis. We describe a case of primary neuritic leprosy with atypical features and the roles that histological confirmation using nerve biopsy of an unenlarged nerve and newer techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction and high-resolution ultrasonography, play in improving the diagnosis.

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