Effect of paddy straw plus non-forage fibre sources based complete feeds containing different levels of neutral detergent fibre on digestibility coefficients of nutrients in lactating dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biju Chacko ◽  
K.M. Syam Mohan ◽  
K. K. Shyama, K.S. Anil and C.T. Sathian Ally ◽  
K. Shyama ◽  
K.S. Anil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Different Levels

A study of six months duration was conducted to assess the effect of paddy straw based complete rations containing different levels of NDF on digestibility coefficients of nutrients in lactating dairy cows, in two phases, viz., early and mid lactation. Three isonitrogenous and isocaloric complete rations, T1, T2 and T3 with 25, 30 and 35 per cent NDF, respectively were formulated as per ICAR (1998). Paddy straw was the sole source of roughage NDF, with the rest of NDF being met from non-forage sources, in all the three rations. Eighteen dairy cows yielding approximately 10 kg of milk per day were divided into three groups of six each, and allotted to the three experimental rations. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in digestibility coefficients of nutrients such as dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, nitrogen free extract, NDF and energy, among the dietary treatments, in both phases I and II. However, the digestibility coefficient of acid detergent fibre was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in T2 and T3 than T1, with T2 and T3 being similar (P>0.05), in both the phases. A thorough evaluation of the results obtained in the present study, reveal that the animals in all the three dietary treatments performed well, with the complete rations T3 with 35 per cent NDF and T2 with 30 per cent NDF showing better performance than T1 with 25 per cent NDF. Between T2 and T3 which were more or less comparable, the cows fed on the diet T3 had a higher digestibility for NDF, ADF and crude fibre, indicating that T3 was better than T2. These results suggest that complete rations with 25 to 35 per cent NDF, containing paddy straw as the sole source of roughage NDF, with the rest of NDF being met from non-forage sources, can be recommended for use among early and mid lactation dairy cows, with 35 per cent being the ideal NDF level.

scholarly journals Effect of supplementation of rumen protected choline and methionine on milk yield and composition of early lactating dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayaraj Neelima ◽  
Purushothaman Sajith ◽  
K. Ally ◽  
Ananth Deepa ◽  
Simon Shibu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Dietary Treatments

An experiment was conducted on early lactating dairy cows to study the effect of rumen protected choline (RPC) and methionine (RPM) on milk yield and composition. Fifteen crossbred dairy cows in early lactation (within 10 days of calving) were selected and randomly allotted to any one of the following three dietary treatments, T1 (Control)- with compound feed mixture containing CP- 20% and TDN- 68% , T2- T1+20g RPM and 20g RPC, T3- with compound fed mixture containing CP- 17%, TDN- 68% + 20g RPM and 20g RPC. All the experimental animals were fed as per ICAR feeding standards (ICAR, 2013). Results revealed no significant difference (p>0.05) in milk yield and 4 per cent fat corrected milk (FCM) yield between the three treatment groups. Among the milk constituents, animals in T3 had significantly higher milk fat (p<0.05), SNF (p<0.05), protein (p<0.05) and total solids (p<0.01) compared to those in T1 and T2. Milk urea nitrogen levels did not differ significantly among the three treatments and were within the normal range. The study showed that milk composition could be effectively improved by supplementing feed with rumen protected forms of choline and methionine in combination at lower dietary protein level without any reduction in milk yield.

Turnips and protein supplements for lactating dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Moate ◽  
C. Grainger ◽  
D. E. Dalley ◽  
K. Martin ◽  
J. R. Roche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Grazing Experiment ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Friesian Cows

Many farmers in southern Victoria grow fodder turnips as a summer feed for lactating dairy cows. This paper reports on 2 experiments that measured the milk yields and liveweight changes of cows offered a basal forage diet and combinations of turnips, barley and protein supplements (cottonseed meal or lupins). A stall feeding experiment was conducted over 26 days with 40 Friesian cows in mid lactation offered 1 of 5 dietary treatments. All cows were offered 10 kg DM/day of a basal diet comprising pasture, pasture hay and pasture silage which is similar to that available on many southern Victorian dairy farms during summer. Cows in a control group did not receive additional feed supplements. Cows in the other 4 groups were offered a supplement of 5 kg DM/cow.day of either turnips, barley or a mixture containing 3 kg DM/cow.day of turnips and 2.0 kg DM/cow.day of either crushed lupins or cottonseed meal. The marginal milk responses from barley, turnips, turnips + lupins and turnips + cottonseed meal were 0.80, 0.92, 1.15 and 1.00 L/kg DM of supplement eaten. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the liveweight changes of the supplemented groups. Samples of the feeds used in this experiment were placed in nylon bags and incubated in the rumen of non-lactating dairy cows. The ‘&Oslash;rskov’ protein degradation parameters for these feeds are compared with the published values for a range of Australian feeds. The rate and extent of degradation of protein from the turnip leaves, turnip bulbs and crushed barley were all similar. A grazing experiment was conducted over 65 days with 56 Friesian cows in mid lactation, offered 1 of 4 dietary treatments. All groups were allowed to graze pasture (5 kg DM/cow.day), were offered 3 kg DM/cow.day of pasture silage and were fed different combinations of barley, cottonseed meal and lupins. In addition, 3 of the groups separately strip-grazed turnips (about 5 kg DM/cow.day). The group fed a supplement of 8.0 kg/cow.day of barley yielded similar quantities (18.3 L/cow.day) of milk and milk constituents as another group fed 4.0 kg DM/cow.day of barley and 4.5 kg DM/cow.day of turnips. Furthermore, when either 1.5 kg DM of cottonseed meal or 2.0 kg of lupins were fed in place of barley, milk yield increased by 1.4 L/cow.day. Dietary treatment had no significant (P>0.05) effects on liveweight changes. From this grazing experiment it is concluded that turnips can be used as a cheaper alternative to barley in order to maintain high levels of milk production in summer–autumn. We estimate that if the above quantities of protein supplement were fed with turnips, at 1997–98 prices, lupins would increase profits by 12 cents/cow.day, but there would be no financial benefit from the cottonseed meal. The findings from both experiments show that supplements of rumen-degradable protein (lupins) can produce an economic milk response when fed to cows on typical summer diets (pasture/silage/barley and turnips) in southern Victoria.

Repeatability of enteric methane determinations from cattle using either the SF6 tracer technique or the GreenFeed system

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Arbre ◽  
Y. Rochette ◽  
J. Guyader ◽  
C. Lascoux ◽  
L. M. Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Tracer Technique ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Expired Gas ◽  
Measurement Period

The SF6 tracer technique (SF6) and GreenFeed system (GF) are two methods for measuring enteric methane (CH4) emissions from cattle. Both methods estimate individual daily CH4 emissions from expired gas samples collected either continuously over 24 h in a canister (SF6) or several times a day during short-term periods (3–8 min) when cattle visit an automated head chamber (GF). The objective of this work was to study repeatability (R) of each method according to duration of measurement period as an indicator of their precision. The R of CH4 measurements was evaluated in two different trials using cows. For Experiment 1, the SF6 technique was used for 20 days in six non-lactating dairy cows fed a hay-based diet; for Experiment 2, the GF system was used for 91 days in seven lactating dairy cows fed a maize silage-based diet. The CH4 data were grouped by periods of 1–10 days (SF6) and 1–45 days (GF). The CH4 emissions averaged 23.6 ± 3.9 g/kg dry matter intake (DMI) for the SF6 and 17.4 ± 3.3 g/kg DMI for the GF on the measurement period. To achieve an R value of 0.70 for CH4 emissions (g/kg DMI), 3-day periods were necessary for SF6 and 17-day periods for GF. The R did not increase after 4-day periods for SF6 (R = 0.73), but increased for GF until 45-day periods (R = 0.90). In our experimental conditions and R = 0.70, the total number of cows necessary to detect a significant difference in CH4 emissions (g/kg DMI) between two treatments (e.g. diet) was similar for SF6 and GF.

scholarly journals Further studies on the effect of fat supplementation of concentrates fed to lactating dairy cows. II. Total digestion and energy utilization.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. van der Honing ◽  
S. Tamminga ◽  
B.J. Wieman ◽  
A. Steg ◽  
B. van Donselaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Fat Supplementation ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Total Digestion ◽  
Milk Storage ◽  
Fat Digestibility

For wether sheep given 300 g hay and 800 g concentrates the addition of fat (beef tallow:palm kernel oil 9:1) to concentrates at 7 or 12% tended to decrease crude fibre digestibility and increased crude fat digestibility. For 2 rumen-fistulated cows given concentrates containing 7% fat, or 12% fat free or adsorbed on carrier, and 2 cows with fistulae and reentrant duodenal cannulae given concentrates with 12% fat in rations with hay:concentrate 1:2, there were no significant differences between diets in the digestibility of any nutrient; fat digestibility was decreased at feed intakes above maintenance, particularly with the 12% fat concentrates. The use of a carrier in the 12% fat concentrates did not affect nutrient digestibilities for sheep or cows. Inclusion of fat in concentrates increased the metabolizability of sheep diets but there were no significant differences among cattle diets, although methane losses tended to decrease as fat content increased. Additional energy from fat tended to be retained rather than used for milk yield. ME utilization for milk, storage and maintenance was 61-62.5%, tending to be highest with the 12% adsorbed fat. [See DSA 45, 5398 for part I.] (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Ultrasonographic measurement of the bovine teat: breed differences, and the significance of the measurements for udder health

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Klein ◽  
Martina Flöck ◽  
Johannes Lorenz Khol ◽  
Sonja Franz ◽  
Hans Peter Stüger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Canal Diameter ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Teat Canal

The objective was to measure teat canal length and diameter, teat diameter and teat wall thickness by ultrasonographic scanning in order to determine the differences in bovine breeds, and to study the influence of teat canal length and diameter on the occurrence of mastitis. A total of 269 lactating dairy cows of four different breeds (Brown Swiss, Simmental, Simmental crossbred with Red Pied, and Holstein-Friesians) from seven Upper Austrian dairy farms were examined. Average teat canal length of Brown Swiss animals was shortest (15·7 mm) followed by Holstein-Friesians (17·2 mm) and Simmental (18·3 mm). These differences in teat canal length were highly significant (P[les ]0·001). There was no significant difference in teat canal length between pure-bred and crossbred Simmentals. Differences of teat canal diameter between breeds were significant (P[les ]0·05). Brown Swiss animals had the largest diameters (2·0 mm) and Holstein-Friesians the smallest (1·7 mm). Differences in teat diameter between Brown Swiss, Holstein-Friesian and Simmental were also significant. No differences were found between the pure-bred and crossbred Simmental cows. The narrowest teats were in Holstein-Friesians and the widest in Simmental. Holstein-Friesians also exhibited the thinnest teat walls while the Simmental had the thickest ones. Teat canal length and diameter were correlated with udder health. Teat canals of healthy udders tended to be longer (17·4 mm) and narrower (1·8 mm) than teat canals of infected udders (15·8 mm, 2·1 mm; P[les ]0·001). A logistic regression model showed significant effects of teat canal length, teat canal diameter and lactation number on udder health.

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