Isolation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Avian Mycoplasmas from Poultry Affected with Respiratory Infections in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Singh ◽  
P. Tomar ◽  
N. K. Mahajan ◽  
N. Jindal
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Growth Inhibition Test ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) are the two most pathogenic avian mycoplasmas. In the present study, examination of 92 pooled tissue samples from broiler chicken of 92 different poultry flocks of Haryana (India) exhibiting respiratory infections resulted in isolation of 13 (14%) Mollicutes. Based on biochemical reactions, growth inhibition test, PCR and/or sequencing, 8 (8.6%) isolates could be characterized as MG, 1 (1.08%) as MS, 3 (3.24%) as M. gallinarum and 1 (1.08%) as Acholeplasma laidlawii. The phylogenetic analysis using Intergenic spacer region (IGSR) of these MG isolates revealed that they clustered with USA strain whereas the vaccine strains were in different clade. Single locus sequence typing (SLST) revealed considerable nucleotides variation between 8 MG isolates and vaccine strains. Conclusively, Sequencing of IGSR region of MG can be used as a valuable epidemiological investigation tool for the differentiation of wild-type MG strains from vaccine strains.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense in East and Central Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Karangwa ◽  
Diane Mostert ◽  
Privat Ndayihanzamaso ◽  
Thomas Dubois ◽  
Björn Niere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region

Banana Fusarium wilt is a major production constraint globally and a significant threat to the livelihoods of millions of people in East and Central Africa (ECA). A proper understanding of the diversity and population dynamics of the causal agent, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), could be useful for the development of sustainable disease management strategies for the pathogen. The current study investigated the diversity of Foc in ECA using vegetative compatibility group (VCG) analysis, PCR-RFLPs of the ribosomal DNA’s intergenic spacer region, as well as phylogenetic analysis of the elongation factor-1α gene. Six VCGs (0124, 0125, 0128, 01212, 01220, and 01222), which all belong to one lineage (Foc lineage VI), were widely distributed throughout the region. VCGs 0128 and 01220 are reported for the first time in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda, while VCG 01212 is reported in the DRC and Rwanda. Isolates that did not belong to any of the known VCGs were identified as Foc lineage VI members by phylogenetic analysis and may represent novel VCGs. CAV 2734, a banana pathogen collected in Rwanda, clustered with nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates in lineage VIII. Results from this study will contribute significantly toward the implementation of banana Fusarium wilt disease management practices in the region, such as the restricted movement of infected planting material and the selective planting of resistant banana varieties.

THE MYCOPLASMA GALLISEPTICUM 16S–23S RRNA INTERGENIC SPACER REGION SEQUENCE AS A NOVEL TOOL FOR EPIZOOTIOLOGICAL STUDIES

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e15-e15
Author(s):  
Ziv Raviv ◽  
S. Callison ◽  
N. Ferguson-Noel ◽  
V. Laibinis ◽  
R. Wooten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Region Sequence

scholarly journals Structural and phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA intergenic spacer region ofVerticillium dahliae

2013 ◽  
Vol 347 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis A. Papaioannou ◽  
Chrysoula D. Dimopoulou ◽  
Milton A. Typas
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Rdna Intergenic Spacer

scholarly journals Infraspecific Variation of Huperzine A and B in Icelandic Huperzia selago Complex

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (02) ◽  
pp. 160-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maonian Xu ◽  
Starri Heidmarsson ◽  
Margret Thorsteinsdottir ◽  
Pawel Wasowicz ◽  
Hang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Huperzine A ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Plant Sources

AbstractThe alkaloids huperzine A and huperzine B were originally isolated from the Chinese club moss Huperzia serrata. They are known inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, and especially huperzine A shows pharmaceutical potential for the treatment of Alzheimerʼs disease. Its supply heavily relies on natural plant sources belonging to the genus Huperzia, which shows considerable interspecific huperzine A variations. Furthermore, taxonomic controversy remains in this genus, particularly in the Huperzia selago group. With focus on Icelandic H. selago taxa, we aimed to explore the relatedness of Huperzia species using multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, and to investigate correlations between huperzine A contents, morphotypes, and genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis was performed with five chloroplastic loci (the intergenic spacer between the photosystem II protein D1 gene and the tRNA-His gene, maturase K, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit, tRNA-Leu, and the intergenic spacer region between tRNA-Leu and tRNA-Phe). Huperzine A and huperzine B contents were determined using an HPLC-UV method. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that previously proposed Huperzia appressa and Huperzia arctica should not be considered species, but rather subspecies of H. selago. Three genotypes of Icelandic H. selago were identified and presented in a haplotype networking diagram. A significantly (p < 0.05) higher amount of huperzine A was found in H. selago genotype 3 (264 – 679 µg/g) than genotype 1 (20 – 180 µg/g), where the former shows a typical green and reflexed “selago” morphotype. The huperzine A content in genotype 3 is comparable to Chinese H. serrata and a good alternative huperzine A source. Genotype 2 contains multiple morphotypes with a broad huperzine A content (113 – 599 µg/g). The content of huperzine B in Icelandic taxa (6 – 13 µg/g) is much lower than that in Chinese H. serrata (79 – 207 µg/g).

scholarly journals Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of Mycoplasma synoviae strains isolated from Polish chicken layer flocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olimpia Kursa ◽  
Grzegorz Tomczyk ◽  
Anna Sawicka
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Lamp Method ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Mycoplasma Synoviae ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region

AbstractIntroduction:Mycoplasma synoviae(MS) is a chicken pathogen of major economic importance.Material and Methods:Between 2010 and 2016, 906 commercial layer chicken flocks in Poland were examined for MS, and the phylogenetic relationship among the strains was established. Regionally dispersed samples were collected and tested with the use of real-time PCR to detect the 16S–23S intergenic spacer region. Positive samples were also tested with LAMP and conventional PCR to detect thevlhAgene.Results:MS genetic material was detected in 265 (29%) of the tested flocks by real-time PCR, in 227 by the LAMP method and in 202 (22%) by conventional PCR. The by-year percentage of positive samples began at 34% in 2010, rose to 44% in 2012, and declined to 29% in 2016. A phylogenetic analysis of PolishM. synoviaestrains using a partial sequence of thevlhAgene showed nine genotypes (A–I), the most frequently occurring being F and C. Pathogenic Polish MS field isolates (n = 27) collected from chickens with clinical signs of infection were grouped for their characteristic symptoms: respiratory for genotypes C, E, F, and I (n = 13), EAA and a drop in laying for genotypes F, E, and C (n = 12), and synovitis for genotype A (n = 2).Conclusion:These data showed the country’s isolate diversity. The high prevalence suggests the need to introduce appropriate control programmes. This is the first report of molecular epidemiological data onM. synoviaeinfection in layer chickens in Poland.

The Mycoplasma gallisepticum 16S–23S rRNA Intergenic Spacer Region Sequence as a Novel Tool for Epizootiological Studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziv Raviv ◽  
S. Callison ◽  
N. Ferguson-Noel ◽  
V. Laibinis ◽  
R. Wooten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Region Sequence

scholarly journals Taxonomy of the canine Mollicutes by 16S rRNA gene and 16S/23S rRNA intergenic spacer region sequence comparison

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria J. Chalker ◽  
Joe Brownlie
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Comparison ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

The taxonomy of canine Mollicutes is described, based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene and 16S/23S rRNA intergenic spacer (IGS) region sequences. The nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene of two untyped mycoplasmas and the IGS region of 11 Mycoplasma species were determined and used for phylogenetic analysis. The two untyped Mycoplasma strains, HRC 689 and VJC 358, were found to be distinct from all known canine mycoplasmas and all published mycoplasma 16S rRNA gene sequences.

Avipoxvirus detected in tumor-like lesions in a white-faced whistling duck (Dendrocygna viduata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 818-823
Author(s):  
Juliana F.V. Braga ◽  
Rodrigo M. Couto ◽  
Marcelo C. Rodrigues ◽  
Roselene Ecco
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Avian Pox ◽  
Tumor Like Lesions

ABSTRACT: Avipoxvirus is the etiological agent of the avian pox, a well-known disease of captive and wild birds, and it has been associated with tumor-like lesions in some avian species. A white-faced whistling duck (Dendrocygna viduata) raised in captivity was referred to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Northeast due to cutaneous nodules present in both wings. A few days after the clinical examination, the animal died naturally. Once submitted to necropsy, histopathological evaluation of the lesions revealed clusters of proliferating epithelial cells expanding toward the dermis. Some of these cells had round, well-defined, intracytoplasmic eosinophilic material suggestive of poxvirus inclusion (Bollinger bodies). PCR performed on the DNA extracted from tissue samples amplified a fragment of the 4b core protein gene (fpv167), which was purified and sequenced. This fragment of Avipoxvirus DNA present in these tumor-like lesions showed high genetic homology (100.0%) with other poxviruses detected in different avian species in several countries, but none of them were related to tumor-like lesions or squamous cell carcinoma. This is the first report of Avipoxvirus detected in tumor-like lesions of a white-faced whistling duck with phylogenetic analysis of the virus.

scholarly journals Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Mileewinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and a Phylogenetic Analysis

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Tinghao Yu ◽  
Yalin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Gene Arrangement ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Protein Coding

More studies are using mitochondrial genomes of insects to explore the sequence variability, evolutionary traits, monophyly of groups and phylogenetic relationships. Controversies remain on the classification of the Mileewinae and the phylogenetic relationships between Mileewinae and other subfamilies remain ambiguous. In this study, we present two newly completed mitogenomes of Mileewinae (Mileewa rufivena Cai and Kuoh 1997 and Ujna puerana Yang and Meng 2010) and conduct comparative mitogenomic analyses based on several different factors. These species have quite similar features, including their nucleotide content, codon usage of protein genes and the secondary structure of tRNA. Gene arrangement is identical and conserved, the same as the putative ancestral pattern of insects. All protein-coding genes of U. puerana began with the start codon ATN, while 5 Mileewa species had the abnormal initiation codon TTG in ND5 and ATP8. Moreover, M. rufivena had an intergenic spacer of 17 bp that could not be found in other mileewine species. Phylogenetic analysis based on three datasets (PCG123, PCG12 and AA) with two methods (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) recovered the Mileewinae as a monophyletic group with strong support values. All results in our study indicate that Mileewinae has a closer phylogenetic relationship to Typhlocybinae compared to Cicadellinae. Additionally, six species within Mileewini revealed the relationship (U. puerana + (M. ponta + (M. rufivena + M. alara) + (M. albovittata + M. margheritae))) in most of our phylogenetic trees. These results contribute to the study of the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of Mileewinae.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document