Production Potential of Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] as Influenced by Crop Geometry and Plant Growth Regulators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.U. Pawar ◽  
W.N. Narkhede ◽  
D.N. Gokhale ◽  
I.A.B. Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Crop Geometry

Background: Pigeonpea being highly branching and indeterminate growth habit responds very well to crop geometry. Hence to achieve potential yields, it is important to maintain optimum plant population which can effectively utilize available moisture, nutrients and solar radiation. The plant growth regulators are also known to enhance the source sink relationship and stimulate the translocation of photo assimilates, thereby increase the productivity. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at experimental farm of Agronomy Department, V.N.M.K.V., Parbhani during kharif season of 2018 and 2019. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four main plot treatments comprised of four crop geometries as 90 cm x 20 cm, 120 cm x 20 cm 60-120 cm x 20 cm and 75-150 cm x 20 cm and sub plot treatments were five treatments on foliar application of plant growth regulators i.e. NAA @ 40 ppm, Mepiquat chloride @ 50 g a.i. ha-1, Brassinosteroids @ 0.1 ppm, Chlormequat Chloride @ 75 g a.i ha-1 and control. Result: The crop geometry of 120 cm x 20 cm and 75-150 cm x 20 cm recorded higher values of all yield parameters followed by crop geometry of 60-120 cm x 20 cm. While the seed, straw and biological yield of pigeonpea as well as highest net realization of Rs. 72072 ha-1 was obtained with crop geometry of 60-120 cm x 20 cm followed by 90 cm x 20 cm. Among the plant growth regulators foliar application of Brassinosteroids @ 0.1 ppm (G3) tended to recorded higher yield parameters, seed yield and fertility coefficient of pigeonpea as well as highest net realization followed by foliar application of NAA @ 40 ppm.

The effect of foliar application of five plant growth regulators on the growth and yield of lowbush blueberry

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Lewis ◽  
Hak-Yoon Ju
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry

The plant growth regulators, daminozide (2500 ppm), chlormequat chloride (1500 ppm), ethephon (500 ppm), mepiquat chloride (100 ppm), and paclobutrazol (1000 ppm), were foliar applied to sprouting-year and to first fruiting-year commercial lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.). In sprouting-year blueberry, flower bud production was increased by paclobutrazol, resulting in significantly improved bloom and yield the following year. In fruiting-year blueberry, flower bud production was significantly increased by paclobutrazol in the year of application and resulted in improved bloom and yield in the following fruiting year. The effects of the other treatments on these parameters were in most cases not significant. Daminozide showed a significant bloom response with a sprouting-year application, but this did not translate into a yield response. Key words: Vaccinium angustifolium, plant growth regulators, paclobutrazol, flower bud production

Impact of Exogenous Plant Growth Regulators on Physiological Traits, Tendril and Flowering in Horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam) under Kharif Season 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Kharif Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Horsegram is an important pulse crop grown as Rabi crop in Tamil Nadu. Kharif sown crop could not flowers may be because of more number of tendrils produced as compare to Rabi sown crop. Hence, an attempt was made to reduce the number of tendrils and induce flowering in horsegram during Kharif season by plant growth regulators. Methods: A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of plant growth regulators viz., salicylic acid (100 ppm), chlormequat chloride (CCC - 250 ppm), mepiquat chloride (250 ppm), tri iodo benzoic acid (TIBA - 200 ppm) and nitrobenzene (0.2%) on physiological traits and tendril growth associated with flowering in horsegram during Kharif. Different treatments were applied through foliar application at 25 Days after sowing. Result: Among the PGRs, foliar application of TIBA registered the lowest number of tendrils (2.3) followed by CCC (3.0) compared to other treatments. Higher root length of 16.8 cm and RWC of 82.3% was found in CCC treatment. CCC also registered the highest photosynthetic rate (27.15 µmol m-2 s-1), transpiration rate (18.06 mmol m-2 s-1) and lowest leaf temperature (26°C) compared to other treatments. The highest soluble protein content of 13.1 mg g-1 was also estimated in CCC treatment followed by mepiquat chloride (12.51 mg g-1). Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity did not show any significant difference between the treatments. Number of flowers buds formed per plant was zero and hence the flowering did not take place in any treatments. Among the plant growth regulators used, TIBA and CCC registered its positive action on reduced the number of tendrils and leaf temperature, but not enough to induce flowering under Kharif season.

Chlorobenzoyl Chloride and Methyl Chlorobenzoate as Synthetic Plant Growth Regulators

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-432
Author(s):  
T. J. Allen ◽  
C. L. Leinweber ◽  
D. K. Prince ◽  
D. F. Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Gaseous Phase ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soybean Seedlings

CBC (2,5-dichlorobenzoyl chloride) and MCB (methyl-2,5-dichlorobenzoate) function as plant growth regulators in a gaseous phase or in an aqueous solution. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. ‘Martin’] and soybean [Glycine bicolor (L.) Merr. ‘Lee’] seeds were temporarily inhibited or delayed from germinating, but overcame the inhibition in time so there was no significant reduction in total germination. Seedlings produced from sorghum and soybean seed germinated and grown in aqueous solution of 35 μg/ml CBC or MCB were shorter and weighed less than control seedlings. Soybean seed treated with the vapors of CBC and MCB produced seedlings significantly reduced in dry weight as compared with that of controls. Foliar application of 500 or 1000 μg/ml of CBC significantly reduced the growth of soybean but not sorghum seedlings. Soybean seedlings treated with the vapors or an aqueous solution produced leaflets more narrow and thicker than control seedlings. A lethal response attributable to CBC or MCB was not recorded.

Multiresidue Analysis of Plant Growth Regulators in Grapes by Triple Quadrupole and Quadrupole–Time of Flight-Based Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1715-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dasharath P Oulkar ◽  
Kaushik Banerjee ◽  
Sunil Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Accurate Mass ◽  
Multiresidue Analysis ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Grape Berries

Abstract A selective and sensitive LC-MS/MS method is presented for simultaneous determination of 12 plant growth regulators, viz., indol-3-acetic acid, indol-3-butyric acid, kinetin, zeatin, 6-benzyl aminopurine, gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, chlormequat chloride, forchlorfenuron, paclobutrazole, daminozide, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, in bud sprouts and grape berries. The sample preparation method involved extraction of homogenized sample (5 g) with 40 mL methanol (80%), and final determination was by LC-MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with time segmentation for quantification supported by complementary analysis by quadrupole-time of flight (Q-TOF) MS with targeted high-resolution MS/MS scanning for confirmatory identification based on accurate mass measurements. The recovery of the test compounds ranged within 90–107% with precision RSD less than 5% (n = 6). The method could be successfully applied in analyzing incurred residue samples, and the strength of accurate mass analysis could be utilized in identifying the compounds in cases where the qualifier MRM ions were absent or at an S/N less than 3:1 due to low concentrations.

scholarly journals The Effect of Increasing Application Rates of Nine Plant Growth Regulators on the Turf and Stolon Characteristics of Pot-grown ‘Patriot’ Hybrid Bermudagrass

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Volterrani ◽  
Nicola Grossi ◽  
Monica Gaetani ◽  
Lisa Caturegli ◽  
Aimila-Eleni Nikolopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Stolon Length ◽  
Propagation Material

Vegetatively propagated warm-season turfgrasses are established with methods that rely on large quantities of propagation material and subsequent plant growth support. The precision seeding adopted for some seed propagated crops controls the depth and spacing at which seeds are placed in the soil. Sprigs that are reduced in length could potentially be suitable for existing machinery, and precision planting could enhance the efficiency of use of the propagation material. The aim of the present study was to carry out a preliminary screening on products known to act as plant growth regulators to explore their potential use for controlling stolon development and elongation of ‘Patriot’ hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis) grown in pots for propagation purposes. Trinexapac-ethyl (TE), chlormequat chloride (CM), paclobutrazol (PB), propiconazole (PPC), diquat (DQ), flazasulfuron (FS), glyphosate (GP), ethephon (EP), and gibberellic acid (GA) were applied to pot-grown ‘Patriot’ hybrid bermudagrass turf in eight different application rates, ranging for each product from the minimum expected effective rate to a potentially harmful rate. Of the tested treatments, TE applied at 2.0 kg·ha−1 and PB applied at 1.0 kg·ha−1 reduced stolon and internode length without causing a reduction in the stolon number or turf quality. PPC was also effective in reducing stolon length, but the effect on internode length was not statistically significant. Stolon length was unaffected by CM, while DQ and GP induced stolon elongation. FS, EP, and GA affected stolon length without a consistent relation between stolon length and application rate. The chemical suppression of stolon elongation in pot-grown ‘Patriot’ hybrid bermudagrass can contribute to controlling sprig size for use with precision seeding machinery.

scholarly journals Effects of plant growth regulators on growth, flowering, fruiting and fruit yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.): A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-274
Author(s):  
Sanjeevan Gosai ◽  
Subash Adhikari ◽  
Saugat Khanal ◽  
Padam Bahadur Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the basic and applied aspects of different plant growth regulators in the regulation of growth and development of cucumber plants. The study is completely based on the use of secondary sources of data; related journals, government institutes, and relevant reports. Foliar application of PGRs has been shown to change the physiological and developmental processes, including plant vegetative growth, sex expression, yield, and yield components in cucumber. There are basically two types of growth regulators; plant growth promoters such as auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins, maleic hydrazide, ethephon, etc. and plant growth inhibitors such as ethylene, abscisic acids, dormins, etc. The combined use of auxins and gibberellins result in increased secondary growth. Maleic hydrazide (MH) along with Ethephon at 100 ppm each increases the number of nodes and primary branches.  Ethrel at 300-400 ppm retards the secondary development and increase femaleness, and at 200-300 ppm make fruit surface smooth. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) at 400 ppm enhances the maleness in cucumber. Application of Ethephon at 300 ppm reduces the harvesting time of the fruit. Salicylic acid (at 2 doses of 0.07 mm/l + 0.18 mm/l) increases chlorophyll content and its exogenous application increases the fruit yield. Maleic Hydrazide (MH) alone at 100 ppm increases the femaleness, inhibits apical growth at 50-100 ppm, and increases fruit size at 200 ppm. Therefore, various auxin [indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), NAA], auxin transport inhibitor (TIBA), cytokinins (KIN), gibberellin [gibberellic acid (GA3)], ABA, ethylene [(2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethrel; ethephon; CEPA)] and growth retardant (MH) have been applied to control the vegetative growth and to maximize yield of cucumber. Numerous obstacles have hindered the quality cucumber production in Nepal; like environmental stresses, biotic and abiotic constraints, pest and disease outbreaks, and many others. The use of exogenous plant growth regulators has been crucial to Nepali cucumber producers as plant growth regulators has hasty effect on vegetative as well as the quality yield of plants. This study aims to reveal the suitable concentrations for the applications of growth regulators so that the use of such regulators is environmentally and toxicologically safe for both plants and the consumers.

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