scholarly journals ​Influence of Native Endophytes on Early Stages Growth of Vigna radiata (Moong) under Salt Stress Condition

Author(s):  
Satavisha Mullick ◽  
Ramesh Kumar Kushwaha

Background: Green gram (Vigna radiata) also known as moong bean is an annually cultivated in East Asia, Southeast Asia and Indian subcontinent. V. radiata is very important source for the protein as in our regular diet and it proved essential amino acid such as phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, lysine, arginine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan. Methods: Here, we studied the influence of seed endophytes on germination and development under salinity stress condition. Seeds were treated with sodium hypochlorite for 30 min under shaking condition at 100 rpm for surface sterilization and treated with 70% ethanol for 2 min and followed five times rinse with autoclaved water. Surface sterilised seeds were homogenised in autoclaved water with the help of mortal-pestle. Homogenised seed solution made serial dilution and spreaded over nutrient agar for endophytic bacterial growth. Seeds were treated with bacteriocide and fungicide to make endophytes free, followed by sown for germination at 0mM, 50mM, 100mM and 150mM NaCl concentration. Result: Endophyte free seedlings were more susceptible against salt stress over normal seedlings. Therefore endophyte free seedling shoot and root biomass was 23.5% and 65.7% lower than control seedling biomass at 0mM salt respectively, while root length was 70% lower than control seedling root at 0mM salt concentration. Proline content in shoot and root observed an increase with increase of salt concentration. At 0mM salt, proline content was 0.00782±0.00043 and 0.00648±0.00017 (µmol/mg) in root of normal and endophyte free seedling respectively, while in shoot, it was non-significant difference. Glycine betaine content found to be increasing upto 100mM, followed by decreasing at 150mM in both root and shoot tissue. Glycine betaine content in endophyte free and control seedling shoot was 74.2±2.5 and 96.0±2.73 (µg/200mg) respectively at 100mM salt concentration. This result suggests, not only heritable genomic DNA but also endophytes associated with seed are very much important for the seedling growth and development which is also finally helps to combat abiotic stress situation.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ja'afar Umar ◽  
Adamu Aliyu ◽  
Kasimu Shehu ◽  
Lawal Abubakar

Many plants accumulate high levels of free proline content (pro) and glycine betaine (GB) in response to abiotic stress, Pro and GB act as an osmoprotectant. Generally, these levels are high than those required to be used in protein synthesis. Salinity inhibition of plant growth is the result of osmotic and ionic effect and different plant species have developed different mechanisms to cope with those effects. In this study, accumulation of osmolytes of twenty tomato genotypes was evaluated in response to salinity stress. The seedlings of each genotype were divided into three groups, Sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolved in irrigation water to make variant concentration of 30 and 60 mg/L of salt concentration using electrical conductivity meter which were used to water the plants. Level of free proline and glycine betaine were measured. Data obtained were subjected to one way analysis of variance using SPSS (20) Statistical Software. Dry mass accumulation decreased with increased salt concentration in all the genotypes. However, the result differ significantly (P< 0.05). The highest dry mass accumulations at control were recorded on Tropimech and Giofranco F. with 6.00 and 5.97. The lowest dry mass accumulations were recorded on plant treated with 60mg/L of salt. Dangainakawa recorded the least accumulation of dry mass on plants treated with 60mg/l of salt with 0.90g followed by Dan Gombe with 1.47g respectively. The highest free proline content of 1.46 µmolg-1was recorded on Dan gainakawa at plant treated with 60 mg/L of NaCl. The lowest proline content was recorded at control on Giofranco F. with 0.17 µmolg-1The highest GB content in all the plants were recorded at plants treated with 60 mg/L. However, the highest GB content (1.67) among the 20 (P<0.05) were recorded at 60 mg/L in Rio Grande followed by Bahaushe with 1.50 µmolg-1. In conclusion, GB and Pro are osmoregulators produced by tomato in response to stress so as to alleviate the consequence effects of salt stress.


Author(s):  
Asfiqur Rahman Plabon ◽  
M. E. Hoque ◽  
Farhana Afrin Vabna ◽  
Fahima Khatun

Salinity is a major problem affecting crop production all over the world. Excessive soil salinity can reduce the productivity of many agricultural crops including many vegetables and spices. Onion is one of the most important spices in the Asiatic region which is now in high demand. The experiment was conducted to observe in vitro regeneration of onion (Allium cepa L.) under salt stress condition from September 2016 to July 2017. The experiment was conducted as two factorial (genotype and treatment) Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications for each treatment. Shoot tip segments of three genotypes namely Faridpuri, Taherpuri and Pusa red (Indian) were cultured in MS (Murashige and skoog, 1962) media supplemented with 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl. The genotype Faridpuri gave maximum salt tolerance upto 100 mM salinity level with 10.60 cm shoot length and 1.94 cm root length having the highest relative shoot and root growth. Pusa red was found to be salinity sensitive genotype which showing lowest shoot length of 7.03 cm and root length of 0.96 cm at 100 mM NaCl treatment. However, Taherpuri was tolerant up to 100 mM salinity level with 8.14 cm shoot length and 1.25 cm root length. Both the highest fresh weight of root (54.77 mg) and dry weight of root (41.36 mg) was from the genotype Faridpuri with 25 mM NaCl treatment. However, a convenient in vitro regeneration protocol of onion genotypes under different salinity level has been developed and the genotype Faridpuri can be used for further investigation in field condition to evaluate its performance at various salinity levels.


Poljoprivreda ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khursheda Parvin ◽  
◽  
Kamal Uddin Ahamed ◽  
Mohammad Mahbub Islam ◽  
Nazmul Haque

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-311
Author(s):  
Łukasz Wojtyla ◽  
Magda Grabsztunowicz ◽  
Małgorzata Garnczarska

Embryo axes of lupine (<em>Lupinus luteus</em> L. ‘Mister’) were subjected to 0.1 M NaCl salt stress for 24 and 48 h. The ultrastructure modification and adjustment of antioxidant enzymes activities and izoenzymes profiles were observed. In cells of lupine embryo axes grown for 48 hours in medium with 0.1 M NaCl mitochondria took the forked shape and bulges of the outer mitochondrial membranes appeared. Moreover, the inflating and swelling of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) lumen and fragmentation of RER were noticed. The level of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was higher in salt treated embryo axes after 24 hours and increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was observed after both 24 and 48 h of salt treatment. Native gel electrophoresis showed increased intensities of bands for catalase isozymes in response to salt stress, whereas activity of catalase was higher only in embryo axes grown for 48 h in control conditions. Appearance of two new isoforms of ascorbate peroxidase was observed after 48 h only under control condition, however increased activities were stated for both control and salt-stress condition after 48 h. No changes in isozymes pattern for superoxide dismutase were observed, but significant decrease in superoxide dismutase activity was noticed in relation to time and salt stress. Possible role of these enzymes in salt stress tolerance is discussed. The 0.1 M salt stress is regarded as a middle stress for lupine embryo axes and the efficiency of stress prevention mechanisms is proposed.


Author(s):  
J.S. Gora ◽  
V.K. Singh ◽  
D.K. Sarolia ◽  
Kamlesh Kumar ◽  
Raj kumar ◽  
...  

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