Cropping Systems of Fenugreek with Faba Bean to Reduce Broomrape Infestation 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Ibrahim Abdel-Wahab ◽  
Eman Ibrahim Abdel-Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Land Usage ◽  
Heavy Soil ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Soil Infestation

Background: Broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) is a major threat to faba bean and an important danger parasite. An intercropping is a necessity to curb the spread and progress of the parasite before it leads to much more economic losses. The current study was aimed to evaluate intercropping of fenugreek with faba bean under two plant densities of both crops on broomrape incidence to increase faba bean yield, land usage and economic return in heavy soil infestation of broomrape.Methods: This study was carried out at Giza Agricultural Research Station (Lat. 30°002 303 N, Long. 31°122 433 E, 26 m a.s.l), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt. During the winter season of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons, sixteen treatments were the combinations between two ridge widths (60 “narrow” and 120 cm “wide”) and six cropping systems (50% faba bean + 50% fenugreek, 100% faba bean + 50% fenugreek, 50% faba bean + 100% fenugreek, 100% faba bean + 100% fenugreek, 50% sole faba bean and 100% sole faba bean), as well as sole plantings of fenugreek under heavy soil infestation of broomrape. A split-plot design with three replicates was used. Ridge widths were assigned in the main plots and cropping systems were arranged in sub plots. Result: Growing faba bean plants in wide ridges had physical barriers with stamping of the vascular system against the parasite. 50% faba bean + 100% fenugreek had higher soil total phenols in faba bean rhizosphere than the others. Growing 50% faba bean + 100% fenugreek in wide ridges had lower number of spikes per m2 and spikes dry weight per m2, meanwhile, growing 100% faba bean + 100% fenugreek in wide ridges had higher seed yields of both crops per ha, land usage and economic return. Growing two rows of faba bean (100% of sole cropping) in both sides of wide ridge (120 cm width) with four rows of fenugreek (100% of sole cropping) in middle of the ridge could be an integrated control strategy to increase faba bean productivity, land usage and economic return under heavily soil infested of broomrape.

scholarly journals Intercropping French Bean with Brinjal at Varying Planting System

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
JA Chowdhury ◽  
Md Mahfuz Bazzaz ◽  
SS Kakon ◽  
AA Begum ◽  
Most Mahbuba Khanum
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Total Productivity

The experiment was carried out at the research field of Agricultural Research Station, Rajbari, Dinajpur during rabi season of 2014-15 and 2015-16 to find out suitable crop combination for higher productivity and economic return. Six different treatments viz. T1 = Sole brinjal (75 cm x 60 cm), T2 = Sole french bean (30 cm x 10 cm), T3 = Brinjal normal row (100%) + 1 line french bean between brinjal (33%), T4 = Brinjal normal row (100%) + 2 lines french bean between brinjal (66%), T5 = Brinjal paired row (100%) + 3 lines french bean between brinjal (40%) and T6 = Brinjal paired row (100%) + 4 lines french bean between brinjal (53%) were evaluated. The results revealed that the highest mean fruit yield of brinjal (44.26 t ha-1) and french bean (20.96 t ha-1) was obtained in sole cropping of component crops. Under intercropping, the highest brinjal yield (38.61 t ha-1) was recorded in brinjal normal row + 1 line french bean between brinjal, while, the highest french bean yield (16.06 t ha-1)  in brinjal normal row + 2 lines french bean between brinjal. The highest mean brinjal equivalent yield (58.72 t ha-1) and land equivalent ratio (1.50) was also obtained in brinjal normal row + 2 lines french bean between brinjal. The highest gross return (Tk. 4,69,760 ha-1), gross margin (Tk. 3,66,440 ha-1), and BCR (4.54) were obtained in brinjal normal row + 2 lines french bean between brinjal and the lowest in sole french bean. The overall results indicated that among the intercrop combinations brinjal normal row + 2 lines french bean between brinjal was found suitable for total productivity and economic return of the system. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(2): 1-6

Relay sowing of lentil (Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris) to intensify rice-based cropping

2015 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 850-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. MALIK ◽  
M. O. ALI ◽  
M. S. ZAMAN ◽  
K. FLOWER ◽  
M. M. RAHMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Sole Cropping

SUMMARYThe cropping systems of the Eastern Gangetic Plains of Bangladesh, India and Nepal are based on rice. There is a scope to intensify such systems through diversification with lentil, the most popular food legume. Two strategies were evaluated to fit lentil into the short fallow between successive monsoonal (i.e., T. aman) and pre-monsoonal (aus) or irrigated rice (boro) crop. These were early-flowering sole-cropped lentil and relay-sown lentil into rice. Firstly, 18 early-flowering lentil lines at three contrasting sowing dates were tested over two seasons on a research station at Ishurdi in Bangladesh. Secondly, relay sowing was evaluated at the same location with six early-flowering lines and two control cultivars in two seasons. It was also assessed on ten farms in Western Bangladesh, comparing relay with sole cropping over 3 years. Flowering in the early-flowering lentil lines was consistently 9–17 days earlier, than the control cultivars, but they did not achieve an economic yield (<1·0 t/ha). Relay sowing with an existing cultivar produced an economic yield of lentil, which was comparable or higher than sole-cropped lentil in all situations. The relay-sown lentil matured in sufficient time to allow the land to be prepared for the succeeding rain-fed rice crop. It was concluded that the substitution of relay-sown lentil for fallow in the monsoonal rice–fallow–rain-fed rice cropping pattern is a useful option to intensify and diversify cropping in the Eastern Gangetic Plain.

scholarly journals Competition Indices of Safflower and Faba Bean Intercrops as Affected by Fertilizers

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
Mahmoodreza SAEIDI ◽  
Yaghoub RAEI ◽  
Rouhollah AMINI ◽  
Akbar TAGHIZADEH ◽  
Bahman PASBAN-ESLAM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Sole Cropping

Cropping systems of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under different fertility were compared with sole cropping of each crop during 2015 and 2016 at the Research Farm of Tabriz University in Iran. The treatments were cropping systems (safflower and faba bean sole croppings, intercropping systems of safflower and faba bean with ratios of 1:1 and 2:1), and nutrient levels (100% chemical fertilizers, 60%, 30% chemical + biofertilizers and no fertilizer). A factorial set of treatments based on a randomized complete block design replicated three times was used. Cropping system and fertility effects were significant for yield and yield components of each crop. Yield and yield components were increased with the integrated use of 60% chemical plus biofertilizers for both years, while seed yield was reduced by intercropping. Maximum land equivalent ratio (LER), relative value total (RVT), system productivity index (SPI) and monetary advantage index (MAI) were achieved in nutritive level of 60% chemical plus biofertilizers as intercropped plants in ratio of 1:1 for both years. The total actual yield loss (AYL) values were positive and greater than zero in all mixtures, indicating an advantage from intercropping over sole crops. Intercropped safflower had a higher relative crowding coefficient (RCC) than intercropped faba bean, indicating that safflower was more competitive than faba bean in intercropping systems. From this study, it is inferred that intercropping (safflower and faba bean) with integrated use of the reduced chemical and biofertilizers may give better overall yield and income than sole cropping of each crop species.

scholarly journals Effect of conservation agriculture on grain yield and income of maize under maize based cropping system in far western Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-332
Author(s):  
H.K. Prasai ◽  
S.K. Sah ◽  
A.K. Gautam ◽  
A.P. Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Abstract. The adoption of Conservation agriculture (CA) contributes to sustainable production and its advantages include lower inputs and stable yields. This study was conducted in the research field of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bhagetada, Dipayal, Doti during 2014 and 2015 to identify the effect of CA on grain yield and income of maize in Maize based cropping system. Both conservation and conventional agricultural (ConvA) practices were evaluated on two maize based cropping systems namely maize-wheat-mungbean (M-W-MB) and maize-lentil-mungbean (M-L-MB). For this purpose two maize varieties namely Raj Kumar and Arun-2 were used. The average productivity of maize under M-L-MB cropping system was 1.6% higher (5.75 t/ha) than M-W-MB cropping system (5.66 t/ha). The average grain yield of maize under CA was 16.7% higher (6.15 t/ha) than ConvA (5.27 t/ha). Rajkumar produced 43% higher average grain yield (6.73 t/ha) than Arun-2 variety (4.69 t/ha). The average net benefit was slightly higher (US$ 597.33/ha) under M-L-MB cropping system than M-W-MB cropping system (US$ 573.89/ha). Similarly, the average net benefit from CA was 102% higher (US$ 783.67/ha) than ConvA (US$ 386.79/ha). Rajkumar variety gave 127% higher average net benefit (US$ 813.49/ha) than Arun-2 (US$ 357.81/ha). The average benefit - cost (B:C) ratio of M-L-MB cropping system was slightly higher (1.72) than the average B:C ratio of M-W-MB cropping system (1.70). The average B:C ratio of CA was 42% higher (2.01) than ConvA (1.41). The average B:C ratio of Rajkumar variety was found 33% higher (1.95) than Arun-2 (1.46). The higher grain yield, net profit and B:C ratio were found in CA practices under M-L-MB cropping system and Rajkumar variety. This study suggests that hybrid maize planting and the adoption of M-L-MB cropping system should be used to increase grain yield and economic performance under CA practices.

scholarly journals Intercropping of Cabbage with Maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
MM Khanum ◽  
MM Bazzaz ◽  
B Ahmed ◽  
MS Huda ◽  
MA Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Total Productivity ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Equivalent Yield

The experiment was carried out at the research field of Agricultural Research Station, Rajbari, Dinajpur (Latitude: 25.63544, Longitude: 88.65144) during rabi season of 2016-2017 and 2017-18 under AEZ-1 to find out the suitable crop combination for higher productivity and economic return. Five different treatments were employed in the study viz. T1= Sole maize (60cm x×20cm), T2= Maize planting (75cm×x 25cm) + 1 row cabbage (50cm×50cm) T3= Maize paired row (150cm/37.5cm x 25cm) + 2 rows cabbage (50cm x×50cm) T4=Maize planting (60cm x×20cm )+1 row cabbage (60cm x×50cm), T5= Maize paired row (120cm/30cm× x 20cm) + 2 rows cabbage (60cm x 50cm) were evaluated. Maize grain yield in intercropped combination varied from 6.60-9.23 t ha-1. But the highest maize yield was recorded in Maize planting (60cm x 20cm) + 1 row cabbage (60cm x 50cm) followed by that in maize paired row (150/37.5cm × 25cm) +2 rows cabbage (50cm x×50cm), while the highest cabbage yield was recorded in maize planting (60cm x 20cm) + 1 row cabbage(60cm x 50cm) between maize. The highest maize equivalent yield was also obtained in maize planting (60cm x 20cm) + 1 row cabbage (60cm x 50cm) followed by that in maize paired row (150/37.5cm x 25cm) + 2 rows cabbage (50cm x 50cm). The highest gross return, gross margin and BCR were obtained in maize planting (60cm × 20cm) + 1 row cabbage (60cm x 50cm) followed by that in maize paired row (150/37.5cm x 25cm) +2 rows cabbage(50cm x 50cm) and the lowest in sole sowing of maize. The overall results indicated that among the intercrop combinations maize planting (60cm x 20cm) + 1 row cabbage (60cm x 50cm) and maize paired row (150/37.5cm x 25cm) +2 rows cabbage (50cm x 50cm) were found suitable for total productivity and economic return of the system. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(1): 115-120

Isotopic evidence reveals  persistent microbial residues in soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Hofmockel ◽  
Sheryl Bell ◽  
Chris Kasanke
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Geochemical Reactions ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Selective Preservation ◽  
Microbial Residues

&lt;p&gt;Microbial derivatives and necromass are dominant sources of soil organic matter (SOM), yet the specific microbiological and geochemical reactions leading to the persistence of microbial compounds in SOM remains to be discovered. Identification of the microbial taxa and classes of microbial-derived compounds that are selectively preserved may enhance our ability to manage SOM, particularly in agroecosystems. We examined how perennial and annual biofuel cropping systems influence the production and selective preservation of microbial residues. Our experiment was replicated on a sandy and a silty loam to test the relative importance of microbial (biotic) and mineral (abiotic) filters on necromass accumulation and persistence. Using a &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C-labeling incubation experiment, we tested the effects of cropping system and soil texture on the production and persistence of microbial-derived residues. Soils were collected from sandy loams at the Kellogg Biological Station (MI, USA) and silty loams at the Arlington Agricultural Research Station (WI, USA). These soils were amended with &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C-labeled glucose, which was rapidly incorporated into microbial biomass. After 2 months, ~50% of the added &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C remained in the bulk soil. Approximately 30% of the &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C remaining in the bulk soil was recovered in the lipid, protein, and metabolite pools. Lipids contained the most &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C (16%) and the contribution was similar in both soils. Both soils had similar protein pools, but protein from the sandy loam was significantly more enriched than protein from the silty loam. The pool of metabolites was small, but highly enriched, suggesting substantial recycling over the 2-month incubation. The majority (40%) of the whole soil &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C persisted in the SOM even after repeat extractions. The remaining ~30% of the whole soil &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C was recovered in a complex of remaining unknown debris that separates from the soil at the solvent interphase with the protein but could not be solubilized. We provide novel evidence of the carbon pools that contribute to persistent microbial residues in soil. Our results suggest that metabolites may be more important than was previously recognized. Ongoing work is identifying the labeled metabolites and characterizing the chemistry of the highly enriched protein residue fraction.&lt;/p&gt;

Performance of green gram - sesame mixed croppingin the red and lateritic zone of West Bengal

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golam Moinuddin
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Branch Plant

A field experiment was carried out in the red and lateritic soil of Regional Research Station, Jhargram, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya,West Bengal during the prekharif season of 2015 to evaluate the technological feasibility of mixed cropping of green gram with sesame under different seeding ratio. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments comprises for the experiment were T1-sole green gram, T2-sole sesame, T3-green gram: sesame -90:10, T4- green gram : sesame-75 : 25, T5- green gram : sesame-60 : 40 , T6 –green gram : sesame-50 : 50. Yield parameters like number branch/plant, number of pod/ plant, number of capsule/plant, pod length, number of grain per pod/capsule, grain weight etc. were studied. The highest grain yield for both crop was obtained from the sole cropping of green gram and sole sesame. The maximum land equivalent ratio(LER) of 1.18 was observed at green gram : sesame seeding ratio of 60 : 40.The highest green gram equivalent yield( 9.49 q/ha) was obtained from green gram : sesame seeding ratio of 60 : 40 . It was noticed that in all the mixed cropping systems, there was higher LER which indicates higher yield advantage over the sole crop.

scholarly journals Study On Intercropping Leafy Vegetables With Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
F Ahmed ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
Ms Alom ◽  
MAI Sarker ◽  
MA Mannaf
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Suitable Combination ◽  
Total Productivity ◽  
Benefit Cost

A field experiment on intercropping of okra and leafy vegetables was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur and Agricultural Research Station, Burirhat, Rangpur during Kharif-I season of 2010 and 2011 to find out suitable crop combination for higher productivity and economic return. Seven treatments viz., sole okra (50 cm × 40cm), okra 100% (in row) + red-amaranth 100% (broadcast), okra 100% (in row) + red-amaranth 75% (broadcast), okra 100% (in row) + leaf amaranth 100% (broadcast), okra 100% (in row) + leaf amaranth 75% (broadcast), okra 100% (in row) + jute as patshak 100% (broadcast), okra 100% (in row) + jute as patshak 75% (broadcast) were used. Intercropping reduced okra yield but total productivity increased due to additional yield of vegetables. In both the locations, sole okra produced the highest yields (15.82 t/ha at Joydebpur and 13.79 t/ha at Burirhat). Among the intercropping treatments, the highest okra yields (15.42 t/ha at Joydebpur and 12.64 t/ha at Burirhat) were obtained from okra 100%+ red amaranth 75% combination. The lowest okra yield (13.16 t/ha at Joydebpur and 11.75 t/ha at Burirhat) was recorded in okra 100% + jute as patshak 100% combination. The highest okra equivalent yield (23.00 t/ha) was recorded in okra 100% + red amaranth 100% at Joydebpur and in okra 100% + leaf amaranth 100% (21.79 t/ha) at Burirhat. These treatment combinations also gave the highest gross margin (Tk. 227180/ha at Joydebpur and Tk. 214600/ha at Burirhat) and benefit cost ratio (5.66 at Joydebpur and 5.58 at Burirhat). The results revealed that cent percent red amaranth (broadcast) or leaf amaranth intercropped with cent percent okra might be suitable combination for higher productivity and economic return at Joydebpur and Burirhat, respectively. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 137-143, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15199

scholarly journals RELAY INTERCROPPING OF DIFFERENT GOURDS WITH BRINJAL IN CHARLAND AREA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Jubaidur Rahman ◽  
A.A Begum ◽  
Fouzia Sultana Shikha ◽  
A. Akter ◽  
R.R Saha
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Sponge Gourd ◽  
Suitable Combination ◽  
Relay Intercropping ◽  
Ash Gourd

A field experiment was conducted to find out the suitable combination of relay intercropping of different gourds with brinjal for higher productivity and economic return at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jamalpur during rabi and kharif 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and seven treatments. The treatments were T1= Sole brinjal, T2= Brinjal + relay sweet gourd, T3= Brinjal + relay ridge gourd, T4= Brinjal + relay bitter gourd, T5= Brinjal+ relay sponge gourd, T6= Brinjal + relay snake gourd, T7= Brinjal + relay ash gourd. Highest brinjal yield was observed in relaying snake gourd and sweet gourd combination (Y1 and Y2) which was statistically similar to sole brinjal and brinjal + relay ash gourd combination.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Frost Damage and Pod Set in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) under Field Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1925
Author(s):  
Najeeb H. Alharbi ◽  
Salem S. Alghamdi ◽  
Hussein M. Migdadi ◽  
Ehab H. El-Harty ◽  
Kedar N. Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

Frost is one factor that causes extensive yield losses globally. A study was conducted to evaluate frost damage under field conditions and assess the genetic variation of flowers converting into pods. Diverse faba bean genotypes were evaluated under four growing seasons in a randomized complete block design: three at the University of Sydney, Narrabri, Australia (2014–2016) with three sowing dates, and one at the Agricultural Research Station, Dirab, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (2016/2017) in one sowing. Visual methods were used to estimate frost damage and record the development of pods. Radiation frost in 2014 (Narrabri) damaged lower pods, while advection frost in 2016/2017 (Dirab) damaged upper pods. The radiation frost formed immediately above the ground; therefore, flowers and pods of taller plants minimized the damage because of their long distance from the ground. The earliest (mid-April) and middle sowing (May 7) suffered more by frost, while a delay in sowing (last week in May) led to frost escape or minor damage. The genotypes IX474/4-3 and 11NF010a-2 showed low sensitivity to frost at the vegetative and reproductive stages. Flowers developed at the beginning of flowering had a faster and higher pod formation rate (41–43%) than those formed later and contributed more to yields. Therefore, a severe frost at the beginning of flowering can cause a significant yield loss as these flowers are the most productive. The frost-tolerant genotypes, and faster and higher pod forming rates, identified in this study can be exploited to breed better varieties in the future.

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