Monitoring of Pesticides Level in Agricultural Soils using Validated Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Yogesh B. Pakade ◽  
Vanita Chahal ◽  
Navdeep Singh ◽  
Avinash Nagpal ◽  
Jatinder K Katnoria
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Growth Of A Variety ◽  
Edible Crops ◽  
Direct Linkage ◽  
South Zone

Agricultural soil serves as a natural medium for the growth of a variety of edible crops and vegetables. Likewise, systematic assessment of agricultural soil becomes mandatory as it reflects direct linkage with the food chain and health of living beings. In the past few decades, it has been detected with the presence of various environmental contaminants being heavy metals and pesticides. The current research focuses on the investigation of different pesticides viz., organophosphorous (OPPs) and organochlorine (OCs) in agricultural soils of Amritsar (India) using gas chromatograph. All soil samples (except south zone) were found to be contaminated with one or the other pesticide. The linearity was observed over the range from 0.1 to 1.0 mg L-1 for all pesticides. The coefficient of determination (r2) was observed in the range of 0.916 to 0.999. The LODs, based on signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 3, ranged from 0.003 to 0.009 mg L-1. The precision of the proposed method was presented and accepted with an RSD greater than 20%. This report pertains to the presence of alarming concentrations of pesticides in soils of Amritsar (India).

scholarly journals Ammonia-oxidizing archaea are integral to nitrogen cycling in a highly fertile agricultural soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laibin Huang ◽  
Seemanti Chakrabarti ◽  
Jennifer Cooper ◽  
Ana Perez ◽  
Sophia M. John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Central Process ◽  
Soil Nitrification ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria

AbstractNitrification is a central process in the global nitrogen cycle, carried out by a complex network of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), complete ammonia-oxidizing (comammox) bacteria, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Nitrification is responsible for significant nitrogen leaching and N2O emissions and thought to impede plant nitrogen use efficiency in agricultural systems. However, the actual contribution of each nitrifier group to net rates and N2O emissions remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that highly fertile agricultural soils with high organic matter mineralization rates could allow a detailed characterization of N cycling in these soils. Using a combination of molecular and activity measurements, we show that in a mixed AOA, AOB, and comammox community, AOA outnumbered low diversity assemblages of AOB and comammox 50- to 430-fold, and strongly dominated net nitrification activities with low N2O yields between 0.18 and 0.41 ng N2O–N per µg NOx–N in cropped, fallow, as well as native soil. Nitrification rates were not significantly different in plant-covered and fallow plots. Mass balance calculations indicated that plants relied heavily on nitrate, and not ammonium as primary nitrogen source in these soils. Together, these results imply AOA as integral part of the nitrogen cycle in a highly fertile agricultural soil.

scholarly journals Evolution of the hypsometric relationship in Araucaria angustifolia plantations in the mid-south region of Paraná state

CERNE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afonso Figueiredo Filho ◽  
Andrea Nogueira Dias ◽  
Sintia Valerio Kohler ◽  
Aline Angélica Verussa ◽  
Ademar Luiz Chiquetto
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Total Height ◽  
The Past ◽  
Satisfactory Performance ◽  
Standard Estimate ◽  
Estimate Error ◽  
The Right

The aim of this study was to assess and model the evolution of the hypsometric relationship in Araucaria angustifolia plantations grown in the 1940's and 1960's in the Irati National Forest, in the mid-south region of Paraná state, Brazil. Using the complete stem analysis method, it was possible to reconstitute the past annual growth of the diameter at 1.3 m (d) and of the total height (h) of a sample of 30 trees, selected so as to cover diametric and age variability. Eleven discs were removed from each tree at 0.1 and 1.3 m and at 15, 25, 35,..., 95% of the total height. Eleven models traditionally used in hypsometric relationships were tested, two of which were considered generic because they involved the age variable. The models were selected based on the Adjusted Coefficient of Determination (R²Adj), Standard Estimate Error (Syx), absolute (m) and relative (%), and on the graphic distribution of residues in percentage. In the models tested by age, no tendencies were observed and erros (Syx) remained below 14.6%, except for ages 5 and 11. However, the coefficients of determination were low, ranging from 0.29 to 0.55. The Curtis generic model (1970), selected to represent the h/d curve for all ages, also presented a satisfactory performance (R²Adj = 0.87 and Syx = 16%), with results similar to those obtained for the models in each age. As age increases, the h/d curve shifts to the right and changes level, remaining steep at the younger ages and more stable and flat as the population nears the end of its cycle.

scholarly journals Possibilities of the Use of Aerial Photographs in the Protection of Agricultural Soil Fund

Geografie ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Lipský
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Soil Wetting

The author considers two main processes showing a negative influence on the quality and use of agricultural soils, namely water erosion and wetting. The paper treats of general advantages of aerial photographs. Practical examples are presented of direct and indirect interpretation of erosion phenomena and soil wetting by means of black-and-white, multispectral and infrared aerial photographs. In the conclusion, the main spheres of the problem of the soil fund protection are dealt with. Most of these problems could be solved by the application of aerial photographs.

Accumulation of As and Pb in Vegetables Grown in Agricultural Soils Contaminated by Historical Mining in Zacatecas, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Salas Muñoz ◽  
Elvia Valdez Valdez ◽  
Jorge Armando Mauricio Castillo ◽  
Fátima Berenice Salazar Badillo ◽  
Héctor René Vega Carrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Lead Content ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Historical Mining ◽  
Edible Parts

Abstract Historical mining activities are a source of environmental pollution that affects the food chain and the health of human beings. The aim of this study was assessment the accumulation of arsenic and lead in vegetables grown in agricultural soils contaminated by old mining in Zacatecas, Mexico. The concentration of arsenic and lead in agricultural soil and edible parts of carrot, garlic, and pepper was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The soil-vegetable bioconcentration factor and pollution load index were determined. The pH values of the farmland were alkaline. The concentration of arsenic in agricultural soil exceeds the permissible limit for arsenic of Mexican standards and international representing health risks. The lead content in most soil samples they were low. The arsenic and lead content in edible parts of species vegetable exceeded the national standard from various countries and the values established by the Codex Alimentarius (FAO-WHO). The highest arsenic concentration was found both in Capsicum annum and Allium sativum. The highest concentration of Pb was in pepper fruits. Among vegetable the high BCF value was for arsenic, ranging from 2.33 to 0.64, and the average for all vegetable samples was 1.01. The pollution index indicates that arsenic is the dominant pollutant accumulated in soil and vegetables grown in agricultural soils. According to the findings, the state and national agricultural and health authorities should not recommend the cultivation of vegetables in agricultural soil located in this area of historical mining activities. Likewise, preventive measures must be taken on the consumption of contaminated vegetables and certifying their safety.

Systematic Assessment of Theory-Based Research in Hospitality Management: A Prelude to Building Theories

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-488
Author(s):  
Mahmood A. Khan ◽  
Mohamed Hefny
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Hospitality Management ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Planned Behavior Theory ◽  
Support Of Research

This exploratory research attempts to identify the potential of building theories within the field of hospitality management. A systematic scan of 9,364 peer-reviewed publications during the years 2002 to 2017 was conducted to assess the use of borrowed theories from other disciplines. A total of 423 theories were borrowed and used in support of research constructs and hypotheses. Projections based on the frequency of use revealed four distinct stages of progression in theory usage during the past 16 years, with accelerated use during the past 5 years. Theories from psychology were most often used, followed by economics, sociology, management, and marketing disciplines. The planned behavior theory, agency theory, and social exchange theory were used in multiple studies. The intent is to emphasize the need for the most appropriate theories within hospitality, focusing on service and people-oriented disciplines. This study provides preliminary information helpful in initiating a theory-building process.

scholarly journals Bioremediation by Cupriavidus metallidurans Strain MSR33 of Mercury-Polluted Agricultural Soil in a Rotary Drum Bioreactor and Its Effects on Nitrogen Cycle Microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1952
Author(s):  
Guillermo Bravo ◽  
Paulina Vega-Celedón ◽  
Juan Carlos Gentina ◽  
Michael Seeger
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mercury Pollution ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Cupriavidus Metallidurans ◽  
Rotary Drum

Nitrogen cycle microorganisms are essential in agricultural soils and may be affected by mercury pollution. The aims of this study are to evaluate the bioremediation of mercury-polluted agricultural soil using Cupriavidus metallidurans MSR33 in a rotary drum bioreactor (RDB) and to characterize the effects of mercury pollution and bioremediation on nitrogen cycle microorganisms. An agricultural soil was contaminated with mercury (II) (20–30 ppm) and subjected to bioremediation using strain MSR33 in a custom-made RDB. The effects of mercury and bioremediation on nitrogen cycle microorganisms were studied by qPCR. Bioremediation in the RDB removed 82% mercury. MSR33 cell concentrations, thioglycolate, and mercury concentrations influence mercury removal. Mercury pollution strongly decreased nitrogen-fixing and nitrifying bacterial communities in agricultural soils. Notably, after soil bioremediation process nitrogen-fixing and nitrifying bacteria significantly increased. Diverse mercury-tolerant strains were isolated from the bioremediated soil. The isolates Glutamicibacter sp. SB1a, Brevundimonas sp. SB3b, and Ochrobactrum sp. SB4b possessed the merG gene associated with the plasmid pTP6, suggesting the horizontal transfer of this plasmid to native gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Bioremediation by strain MSR33 in an RDB is an attractive and innovative technology for the clean-up of mercury-polluted agricultural soils and the recovery of nitrogen cycle microbial communities.

scholarly journals Urban PM2.5 Concentration Prediction via Attention-Based CNN–LSTM

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songzhou Li ◽  
Gang Xie ◽  
Jinchang Ren ◽  
Lei Guo ◽  
Yunyun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Series Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lstm Network ◽  
Concentration Prediction ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Urban particulate matter forecasting is regarded as an essential issue for early warning and control management of air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, existing methods for PM2.5 concentration prediction neglect the effects of featured states at different times in the past on future PM2.5 concentration, and most fail to effectively simulate the temporal and spatial dependencies of PM2.5 concentration at the same time. With this consideration, we propose a deep learning-based method, AC-LSTM, which comprises a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM) network, and attention-based network, for urban PM2.5 concentration prediction. Instead of only using air pollutant concentrations, we also add meteorological data and the PM2.5 concentrations of adjacent air quality monitoring stations as the input to our AC-LSTM. Hence, the spatiotemporal correlation and interdependence of multivariate air quality-related time-series data are learned by the CNN–LSTM network in AC-LSTM. The attention mechanism is applied to capture the importance degrees of the effects of featured states at different times in the past on future PM2.5 concentration. The attention-based layer can automatically weigh the past feature states to improve prediction accuracy. In addition, we predict the PM2.5 concentrations over the next 24 h by using air quality data in Taiyuan city, China, and compare it with six baseline methods. To compare the overall performance of each method, the mean absolute error (MAE), root-mean-square error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2) are applied to the experiments in this paper. The experimental results indicate that our method is capable of dealing with PM2.5 concentration prediction with the highest performance.

Aztec Knotted and Netted Capes

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Rieff Anawalt
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Symbol System ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
The Past ◽  
True Structure

AbstractThe past two decades of research and debate in anthropology have shown how ethnocentric perspectives in methodology and interpretation have led to misinterpretations in ethnography and archaeology. This article contrasts Western and indigenous perceptions of ritual attire that marked the role and status of Aztec rulers and deities. Stimulated by inconsistent Spanish colonial descriptions of the emperors' xiuhtlalpilli “blue-knotted” cloaks, the study compares all of the relevant Nahuatl terms, contexts, and native-drawn images and analyzes these in the light of linguistic, technological, social, archaeological, pictorial, iconographic, textual, and ethnographic evidence. This contextual analysis of the primary data reveals the nature of Spanish misperceptions and the true structure of the indigenous clothing-symbol system. While Spanish chronicles are easily accessible and thus more heavily utilized, this study makes the point that only systematic assessment of Nahuatl terms, indigenous images, and contexts are fully dependable. Reliance on the native perspective and evidence allows new insights into pre-Hispanic categories and worldviews.

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