DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTICS OF GASTRIC CANCER AND PRECANCEROUS CHANGES OF THE GASTRIC MUCOSA USING ANALYSIS OF EXPRESSION OF SIX MICRORNAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Titov ◽  
V. V. Anishchenko ◽  
T. L. Poloz ◽  
Yu. A. Veryaskina ◽  
A. A. Arkhipova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
Specific Symptoms

The lack of specific symptoms for the early detection of gastric cancer leads to the fact that it is often diagnosed at a late stage, when the prognosis is unfavorable. The analysis of molecular markers in addition to standard diagnostic procedures is a promising approach for improving the preoperative diagnosis of both gastric cancer and precancerous changes in the mucosa. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the diagnostic significance of using miRNA expression to diagnosis gastric cancer and precancerous conditions (dysplasia) in histological material. In this work, 122 samples of archival histological material in the form of paraffin blocks were used: 34 samples of gastric adenocarcinoma, 54 samples of gastric ulcers with dysplasia and 34 samples of normal gastric mucosa obtained from patients after bariatric surgery. The expression level of miRNA-145-5p, -150-5p, -20a-5p, -21-5p, -31-5p, -34a-5p, -375 was determined using real-time RT-PCR. Samples were stratified into different groups using the C-RT decision tree algorithm. All miRNAs, except miRNA-20a, were included in the decision tree, which allows stratification of samples for normal mucosa, dysplasia, and gastric cancer. Normal mucosa can be distinguished from gastric cancer only by miRNA-34a, -21, -375. Diagnostic characteristics for the detection of dysplasia: specificity - 97%, sensitivity - 87%; for the detection of gastric cancer: specificity - 91%, sensitivity - 93%. The sufficiently high values of the diagnostic characteristics for detecting dysplasia of the gastric mucosa and gastric cancer obtained in our study indicate the possibility of using expression data of a small amount of miRNAs for the effective separation of samples with tumor and precancerous changes in the stomach tissue.

Differential expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase β-site remaining alternative splicing variants (hTERT β+ ASV) in gastric carcinogenesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15641-e15641
Author(s):  
X. Geng
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Gastric Carcinogenesis ◽  
Normal Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Splicing Variants

e15641 Background: To investigate the changes of hTERT alternative splicing variants pattern in gastric cancer, precancerous lesions and normal gastric mucosa tissue. Methods: Three alternative splicing sites (α, β, γ) were selected and designed PCR primer. The expression of 8 hTERT alternative splicing variants (ASVs) in gastric cancer, precancerous lesions and normal gastric mucosa were detected by Semi-nested RT-PCR. The expression of β-site remaining ASV (β+ASV) in specimens of gastric cancer and specimens of precancerous lesions was detected by SYBER Green real-time PCR. Telomerase enzyme activity was evaluated associated with the different hTERT ASVs. Results: The positive rate of active full-length (α+β+γ+ ) ASV was significantly higher in gastric cancer than in precancerous lesions and normal mucosa (94.7% vs. 40.0% and 0, P<0.05). The positive rates of other ASVs were not different among the 3 groups(P>0.05). The positive rates of β+ ASVs (including α+β+γ+ASV, α-deletion ASV, γ-deletion ASV, αγ-deletion ASV) were 11.1% in normal mucosa,40.0% in precancerous lesions and 94.7% in gastric cancer (P<0.05). SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR showed that the expression level of β+ASV was 6.99 times higher in gastric cancer than in precancerous lesions. Further, increased telomerase enzyme activity was only associated with expression of the full-length hTERT isoform. Conclusions: hTERT alternative splicing pattern is different during gastric carcinogenesis. β+ASV was widely expressed in gastric carcinogenesis and may provide some information for diagnosis of gastric cancer or precancerous lesions. The gene expression patterns of hTERT alternative splicing variants may provide some useful information for diagnosis of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Outlook on Epigenetic Therapeutic Approaches for Treatment of Gastric Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Hudler
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cpg Island ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Tumour Suppressor Genes ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Aberrant Dna Methylation ◽  
Epigenetic Modulation ◽  
Specific Symptoms

The incidence of gastric cancer has been declining globally in the last decades. Despite the improvements in the diagnostic procedures, most cases are still detected at advanced stages due to lack of specific symptoms associated with early phases of tumour development. Consequently, gastric cancer poses a major health burden worldwide due to high mortality rates. Continuing advances in high-throughput technologies are revealing an intricate network of genetic and epigenetic changes associated with carcinogenesis. In addition, several risk factors, both environmental and genetic, have been recognized, which promote accumulation of diverse alterations affecting the expression of oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes, DNA repair genes, and other genes, implicated in normal gastric cell functions. A plethora of aberrant molecular events found in patients with this disease and intragenic heterogeneity of tumours from individuals are delaying the development of targeted biological therapies. Frequent occurrence of characteristic CpG island methylator phenotypes (CIMP phenotypes) in gastric cancers, particularly in association with Helicobacter pylori or EBV infection, could lead to introduction of epigenetic modulators into standard treatment regimens used against early and advanced forms of adenocarcinomas. This review highlights aberrant DNA methylation events in the development of gastric tumours and addresses the different aspects associated with the application of therapeutic epigenetic modulation in the management of the disease.

Diagnostic significance of computed tomography in gastric cancer

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
E Y Kang ◽  
S H Cha ◽  
H Y Seol ◽  
K B Chung ◽  
W H Suh
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Diagnostic Significance

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors—Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenicity in the Gastric Microenvironment

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Jacek Baj ◽  
Alicja Forma ◽  
Monika Sitarz ◽  
Piero Portincasa ◽  
Gabriella Garruti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Bacterial Pathogenicity ◽  
Current State ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Stimulation Of

Gastric cancer constitutes one of the most prevalent malignancies in both sexes; it is currently the fourth major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The pathogenesis of gastric cancer is associated with the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, among which infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is of major importance. The invasion, survival, colonization, and stimulation of further inflammation within the gastric mucosa are possible due to several evasive mechanisms induced by the virulence factors that are expressed by the bacterium. The knowledge concerning the mechanisms of H. pylori pathogenicity is crucial to ameliorate eradication strategies preventing the possible induction of carcinogenesis. This review highlights the current state of knowledge and the most recent findings regarding H. pylori virulence factors and their relationship with gastric premalignant lesions and further carcinogenesis.

Su1179 Magnifying NBI Patterns of Gastric Mucosa After Helicobacter Pylori Eradication and its Potential Link to the Gastric Cancer Risk

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. AB303
Author(s):  
Tomomitsu Tahara ◽  
Sayumi Tahara ◽  
Tetsuya Tsukamoto ◽  
Noriyuki Horiguchi ◽  
Tomohiko Kawamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Gastric Cancer Risk ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Eradication ◽  
Potential Link

scholarly journals Does endoscopic follow-up improve the outcome of patients with benign gastric ulcers and gastric cancer?

Cancer ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker F. Eckardt ◽  
Wolfgang Gießter ◽  
Gerd Kanzler ◽  
Gudrun Bernhard
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Gastric Ulcers

scholarly journals Comparison of the protein expression of calpain-1, calpain-2, calpastatin and calmodulin between gastric cancer and normal gastric mucosa

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 3705-3710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bide Liu ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Dan Lu ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Si-Quan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Normal Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Calpain 2

scholarly journals Comparison of the Frequency of Detection of Some Radiological Signs in Chronic Maxillary Sinusіtis of Fungal and Non-Fungal Origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 202-207
Author(s):  
Ya. V. Shkorbotun ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Fungal Ball ◽  
The One

The one of the most informative method of preoperative diagnosis of fungal paranasal sinuses is computed tomography. The radiological marker that allows to identify chronic sinusitis of fungal origin is an eclipse with hyperintensive inclusions. The sensitivity of this criterion for fungal ball is about 80%. In addition, a sign of recalcitrant chronic sinusitis is the presence of reactive changes in the bone wall of the sinus – "osteitis". The purpose of the work was to study the frequency of radiological signs of osteitis and areas of increased radiological density in the maxillary sinuses of the patients with chronic sinusitis of fungal and non-fungal etiology, to clarify the diagnostic significance of these symptoms in the differential diagnostics. Material and methods. The results of a retrospective study of computer tomography data of 60 people with chronic rhinosinusitis (intraoperative was verified fungal ball in the maxillary sinus space of 30 patients, other 30 patient had no signs of fungal etiology). Results and discussion. In patients with chronic rhinosinusitis of non-fungal nature, hyperintensive inclusions in the sinus were found in 13.3%, and signs of osteitis were detected in 36.7%, which was significantly less common than in patients with fungal processes, 83.3% and 80,0% respectively (p <0,05). The presence of both of the radiological symptoms was observed in 63.3% of patients from the group of chronic rhinosinusitis in the presence of a fungal body in the space of the sinus and in 6.7% of cases the chronic rhinosinusitis of non-fungal etiology. The severity of osteitis according to KOS, in patients with a fungal body in the sinus was 0.71 ± 0.15 points, and 0.55 ± 0.2 points in patients without a fungus. The pathogenesis of osteitis in the cases of sinusitis with fungal origin is a violation of bone trophism, which develops due to periostitis after the influence of biologically active substances secreted by the fungus. The increase of radiation density in areas of osteitis indicates the predominance of osteogenesis over osteolysis in the inflammatory focus of the bone wall of the maxillary sinus. Conclusion. The frequency of detecting radiological signs of osteitis in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis of the maxillary sinus with fungal bodies was 80%, that was comparable to the frequency of detecting hyperintense inclusions in the lumen of the sinus in these patients (83.3%), and was significantly more than in patients with chronic sinusitis nonfungal etiology. The presence of radiological signs of osteitis of the bone wall of the maxillary sinus in computed tomography should be regarded as an additional symptom in the differential diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis of fungal origin

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