scholarly journals Agricultural Wastes – A Promising Source for Biogas Production in Developing Countries of the Tropical and Subtropical Regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (38) ◽  
pp. 02-12
Author(s):  
Mirko Barz ◽  
Mitra Kami Delivand ◽  
Konstantin Dinkler
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Promising Source

Most of the so called developing countries are located in tropical and/or sub-tropical regions whilst in contrast, most of the developed countries are in the temperate climate zones. It is expected that a huge increase in the future global energy consumption will be caused by the demand of the developing countries. Caused by the favourable climate conditions in tropical and/or sub-tropical regions the average productivity of biomass is 4 – 5 times higher than that of biomass grown in the temperate regions. Many of the developing countries today are agricultural and agro-industrial countries producing huge amounts of agricultural residues and wastes that can be used as source for energy generation. It is estimated that if only all process-based agricultural residues alone would be used, they could contribute between 25 % and 40 % of the total primary energy demand in such regions [1]. Until now, the huge amount of agricultural waste generated each year in developing countries is a headache for farmers, who are obliged to get rid of it. Open field burning and improper disposal are omnipresent in many regions and pollute the environment. Converting such waste into bioenergy such as biogas by using anaerobic digestion technologies represents an alternative treatment with a promising potential. Such treatment prevents pollution, is producing valuable and climate friendly energy and will contribute to nutrient recovery by using the digestate as fertilizer. The paper will introduce some of the most promising agricultural residues in tropical and subtropical regions which can be used as substrates or co-substrates for biogas production. Results of a research project carried out in Costa Rica will be used as a case study to show the potential of two of the major agricultural residues (pineapple and banana residues) as sources for biogas production. The opportunities and prospects for the dissemination and implementation of new and more developed technologies to improve the efficiency of the technologies will be shown.

scholarly journals ESTUDO SOBRE A POSSIBILIDADE DE PRODUZIR BIOGÁS PROVENIENTE DE RESÍDUOS DA AGROPECUÁRIA NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Anderson Labegalini De Campos ◽  
Anderson De Oliveira Pereira ◽  
Josenilda Guimarães Lopes ◽  
Renê Faria De Araújo ◽  
Ronaldo Pereira Lima
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Energy Matrix ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Environmental

ESTUDO SOBRE A POSSIBILIDADE DE PRODUZIR BIOGÁS PROVENIENTE DE RESÍDUOS DA AGROPECUÁRIA NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS   ANDERSON LABEGALINI DE CAMPOS1; ANDERSON DE OLIVEIRA PEREIRA2; JOSENILDA GUIMARÃES LOPES3; RENÊ FARIA DE ARAÚJO4 E RONALDO PEREIRA LIMA5   Mestrado de Agroenergia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Avenida NS 15, Quadra 109 Norte, Plano Diretor Norte (Prédio do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroenergia), CEP 77001-090, Palmas, Tocantins, Brasil. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; 5 [email protected]   RESUMO: O Tocantins, entre os estados do Brasil, é um dos que possuem valores superiores em quantidade de rebanhos de gado de corte, e a bovinocultura de leite cresce de forma continuada, favorecida pelas condições climáticas. Em 2015, o estado produziu 8 milhões de bovinos e bubalinos, 296 mil suínos e 158,9 mil caprinos. As fronteiras socioeconômicas terão uma melhora significativa com a utilização de resíduos gerados na atividade rural para a geração de energia, assim como para a redução dos prejuízos ao meio ambiente, ocasionados pelos resíduos produzidos. Diante do exposto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de produção de biogás para a geração de energia, por meio da fermentação de resíduos oriundos da agricultura e pecuária do estado do Tocantins. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica, a sistemática, a descritiva e a explicativa. Verificou-se, com este artigo, a relevância social, ambiental e econômica da inserção da energia produzida a partir dos resíduos agropecuários na Matriz Energética Brasileira. Ainda que tenham custos para instalar o sistema no Estado, a utilização de digestores fermentativos é uma alternativa para diminuir os problemas com a destinação inadequada dos resíduos agropecuários, além de ser uma forma de energia limpa, este método possuí uma fonte de recursos com o comercio dos créditos de carbono, devido a não emissão do gás metano.   Palavras-chave: resíduos agropecuários, energia, biogás.   STUDY ON THE POSSIBILITY OF BIOGAS PRODUCING FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTE THE STATE OF TOCANTINS   ABSTRACT: Beef and dairy cattle growing is one of the biggest production in the State of Tocantins - Brazil, favored by weather conditions. In 2015, the state produced 8 million cattle and buffalo, 296,000 pigs and 158,900 goats. The socioeconomic boundaries will have a significant improvement with the use of waste generated in rural activity for the generation of energy, as well as the reduction of environmental damage caused by the waste produced. Given the above, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the potential of biogas production for energy generation, through the fermentation of residues from the Tocantins state agriculture and livestock. The methodology used was the literature review, the systematic, the descriptive and the explanatory. This article verified the social, environmental and economic relevance of the insertion of energy produced from agricultural residues in the Brazilian Energy Matrix. Although they have costs to install the system in the state, the use of fermentative digesters is an alternative to reduce the problems with the improper disposal of agricultural residues, besides being a form of clean energy, this method has a source of resources with the trade. carbon credits due to non-emission of methane gas.   Keywords: agricultural residues, energy, biogas.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Bio-Cellulose Acetate Membrane From Coconut Juice Residues for Carbon Dioxide Removal From Biogas in Membrane Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attaso Khamwichit ◽  
Sakkarin Wattanasit ◽  
Wipawee Dechapanya
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Membrane ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Membrane Unit ◽  
Separation Unit

The rapid growth of energy demand and consumption from fossil fuels has been of great concern since the last decade. Renewable energy, including biogas production from wastes, has been studied to ease up the energy crisis problems. This study aims to synthesize bio-cellulose acetate (CA) membranes from agricultural waste and to study its efficiency in the removal of CO2 from biogas. The bio-CA membranes were synthesized from acetylation of bacterial cellulose (BC) and obtained from coconut juice residues (CJRs). The results showed that both chemical and physical characteristics of the bio-CA membrane were compared with those of the chemical CA membranes. The CO2 removal capacity of the bio-CA membranes was tested in a membrane separation unit. The maximum CO2 selectivity of 29.53 was achieved when using the bio-CA membrane with a thickness of 0.05 mm under the feed pressure of 0.1 MPa. Thick CA membranes exhibited better CO2 selectivity performance, particularly at low operating pressure. However, the CO2/CH4 separation factor decreased in the high-pressure region, probably because of the plasticization of the gas components. Eco-efficiency was evaluated to determine the optimal process conditions. In terms of eco-efficiency, the results suggested that the optimal condition was a bio-CA membrane of 0.05-mm thickness and pressure of 0.1 MPa. The implication of this study is promoting a zero-waste environment in which the agricultural residues could be potentially used in the synthesis of high-value CA membranes for biogas purification applications in energy production.

scholarly journals Development perspectives for biogas production from agricultural waste in Friuli Venezia Giulia (Nord-East of Italy)

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dell’Antonia ◽  
S.R.S. Cividino ◽  
A. Carlino ◽  
R. Gubiani ◽  
G. Pergher
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
North East ◽  
Friuli Venezia Giulia

The latest directives of the Energy and Environment Policy of the European Union (EU) established a new framework for renewable sources (Directive EC 28/2009; European Commission, 2009). The Italian Energy Action Plan of 2010 set a target of at least 17% of total energy generated from renewable sources by 2020. In this context biogas from waste and biomass is a potential energy source that can be used for the production of heat, electricity and fuel. The objective of this work was to determine the potential energy production from anaerobic digestion of animal wastes and agricultural residues in Friuli Venezia Giulia (Nord-East Italy). For an assessment of biogas as an energy source, based on direct conversion by agricultural farms, it is important to establish the amount of the waste. In this study, biogas amount which can be obtained was calculated for all municipalities in the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (North-East of Italy) by using the number of livestock animals, the cereal area for agricultural residues and also considering various criteria such as the rate of dry matter and availability. The calculated regional biogas potential is about 187 (N)Gm3 when using animal waste, straw and corn stalk. The potential of biogas energy equivalent of Friuli Venezia Giulia is about 3 600 TJ (LHV) may be able to replace 2.6% of final energy consumption in Friuli Venezia Giulia (3 339 ktoe) and about 10% of the final electricity consumption (864 ktoe) considering an electrical efficiency of 30% with the biogas engine.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste, Brewery Waste, and Agricultural Residues in an Off-Grid Continuous Reactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6509
Author(s):  
Kimberley E. Miller ◽  
Tess Herman ◽  
Dimas A. Philipinanto ◽  
Sarah C. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Time Operation

Small-scale anaerobic digestion (AD) can be an effective organic waste management system that also provides energy for small businesses and rural communities. This study measured fuel production from digestions of single and mixed feedstocks using an unheated, 2 m3 digester operated continuously in a temperate climate for over three years. Using local food waste, brewery waste, grease waste, and agricultural residues, this study determined that small-scale AD co-digestions were almost always higher yielding than single feedstocks during psychrophilic operation and seasonal temperature transitions. Agricultural residues from Miscanthus x giganteus had the greatest impact on biomethane production during co-digestion (4.7-fold greater average biogas %CH4), while mesophilic digestion of brewery waste alone produced the most biogas (0.76 gCH4 gVS−1 d−1). Biogas production during the transition from mesophilic to psychrophilic was temporarily maintained at levels similar to mesophilic digestions, particularly during co-digestions, but biogas quality declined during these temperature shifts. Full-time operation of small-scale, unheated AD systems could be feasible in temperate climates if feedstock is intentionally amended to stabilize carbon content.

scholarly journals Development perspectives for biogas production from agricultural waste in Friuli Venezia Giulia (Nord-East of Italy)

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dell’Antonia ◽  
S.R.S. Cividino ◽  
A. Carlino ◽  
R. Gubiani ◽  
G. Pergher
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
North East ◽  
Friuli Venezia Giulia

The latest directives of the Energy and Environment Policy of the European Union (EU) established a new framework for renewable sources (Directive EC 28/2009; European Commission, 2009). The Italian Energy Action Plan of 2010 set a target of at least 17% of total energy generated from renewable sources by 2020. In this context biogas from waste and biomass is a potential energy source that can be used for the production of heat, electricity and fuel. The objective of this work was to determine the potential energy production from anaerobic digestion of animal wastes and agricultural residues in Friuli Venezia Giulia (Nord-East Italy). For an assessment of biogas as an energy source, based on direct conversion by agricultural farms, it is important to establish the amount of the waste. In this study, biogas amount which can be obtained was calculated for all municipalities in the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (North-East of Italy) by using the number of livestock animals, the cereal area for agricultural residues and also considering various criteria such as the rate of dry matter and availability. The calculated regional biogas potential is about 187 (N)Gm3 when using animal waste, straw and corn stalk. The potential of biogas energy equivalent of Friuli Venezia Giulia is about 3 600 TJ (LHV) may be able to replace 2.6% of final energy consumption in Friuli Venezia Giulia (3 339 ktoe) and about 10% of the final electricity consumption (864 ktoe) considering an electrical efficiency of 30% with the biogas engine.

Emerging Nutrition Gaps in a World of Affluence - Micronutrient Intake and Status Globally

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Eggersdorfer ◽  
Paul Walter
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
New Science ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Micronutrient Intake

Nutrition is important for human health in all stages of life - from conception to old age. Today we know much more about the molecular basis of nutrition. Most importantly, we have learnt that micronutrients, among other factors, interact with genes, and new science is increasingly providing more tools to clarify this interrelation between health and nutrition. Sufficient intake of vitamins is essential to achieve maximum health benefit. It is well established that in developing countries, millions of people still suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. However, it is far less recognized that we face micronutrient insufficiencies also in developed countries.

Country Rankings of Women's Status: An Alternative Index

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (4III) ◽  
pp. 1025-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmeen Mohiuddln
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Women's Status ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Women’S Status ◽  
Country Rankings ◽  
Population Crisis ◽  
Status Of Women

The purpose of the present paper is to formulate a composite index of the status of women and to rank both developed and developing countries on the basis of that index. This index is presented as an alternative or complement to the current status of women index, published by the Population Crisis Committee (PCC) and used by the World Bank and the United Nations, which focuses on indicators measuring health, education, employment, marriage and childbearing, and social equality. The paper argues that these indicators have a poverty-bias and measure women's status in terms of structural change rather than in terms of their welfare vis-ii-vis men. The PCC index is also based on the implicit assumption that women's status in developing countries ought to be defined in a similar way as in developed countries, thus including primarily only those indicators which are more relevant for developed countries. To remedy these defects, the paper presents an alternative composite index, hereafter labelled the Alternative Composite (AC) index, based on many more indicators reflecting women's issues in both developed and developing countries. The results of the statistical analysis show that the ranking of countries based on the AC index is significantly different from the PCC index.

International Economic Assistance in the 1970's — A Critique of Partners in Development (Review Article)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-490
Author(s):  
Nurul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Service Charge ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Defence Expenditure

Foreign economic aid is at the cross-roads. There is an atmosphere of gloom and disenchantment surrounding international aid in both the developed and developing countries — more so in the former than in the latter. Doubts have grown in the developed countries, especially among the conservatives in these countries, as to the effectiveness of aid in promoting economic development, the wastes and inefficiency involved in the use of aid, the adequacy of self-help on the part of the recipient countries in husbanding and mobilising their own resources for development and the dangers of getting involved, through ex¬tensive foreign-aid operations, in military or diplomatic conflicts. The waning of confidence on the part of the donors in the rationale of foreign aid has been accentuated by an increasing concern with their domestic problems as well as by the occurrence of armed conflicts among the poor, aid-recipient countries strengthened by substantial defence expenditure that diverts resources away from development. The disenchantment on the part of the recipient countries is, on the other hand, associated with the inadequacy of aid, the stop-go nature of its flow in many cases, and the intrusion of noneconomic considerations governing the allocation of aid amongst the recipient countries. There is a reaction in the developing countries against the dependence, political and eco¬nomic, which heavy reliance on foreign aid generates. The threat of the in¬creasing burden of debt-service charge haunts the developing world and brings them back to the donors for renewed assistance and/or debt rescheduling.

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