scholarly journals Population Density on Types of Waste Disposal in Malang City

el–Hayah ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Lirofiatillah Lirofiatillah ◽  
Rina Fiji Lestari ◽  
Sugi Hartono ◽  
Sueb Sueb
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Average Population Density ◽  
Average Population ◽  
Very High

The population growth in Indonesia experiencing a very high development, causing population density. This study aims to know about environmental conditions, the density of population and waste disposal in Malang city and effect between population density and types of landfills. The method was an observational study using observation, questionnaire and closed interview guidelines. The results of this study were (1) the environmental conditions categorized good, (2) the average population density is 175,814 people per square km, (3) 63.33% respondents road throw domestic waste and not processed. (4) the population density variable does not influence the type of waste disposal.

Nesting by Hobbies (Falco subbuteo) in the Košice Basin (Eastern Slovakia) from 1996 to 2005

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Lipták
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Corvus Corax ◽  
Average Population Density ◽  
Average Population ◽  
High Tension ◽  
Hooded Crows ◽  
Very High

Abstract In the course of ten nesting seasons from 1996 to 2005 I observed nesting by hobbies in Eastern Slovakia within a territory of 1000 km2 in the Košice Basin. During this ten-year period 218 nestings were recorded. The average population density was two pairs per 100 km2 in the monitored territory. In certain quadrants with better occupation it was from four to seven pairs per 100 km2. The birds nested more frequently on very high tension (VHT) electricity pylons (126 instances) than in trees (92 instances). They prefer the nests of hooded crows (Corvuscorone cornix) (110 cases) and ravens (Corvus corax) (90 cases), and in only 18 cases did they use another nesting solution. When nesting in VHT pylons in the 1980’s they used to make more use of crows’ nests, but at the present time they prefer ravens’ nests to a significant degree.

Model gospodarowania populacją jelenia europejskiego Cervus elaphus L. w Wolińskim Parku Narodowym i na Wyspie Wolin

2018 ◽  
Vol XI ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Adam Mohr ◽  
Antoni Przybylski ◽  
Małgorzata Zimnicka – Pluskota ◽  
Damian Spieczyński
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Model Population ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Age And Sex

The paper presents the current methods of management and environmental conditions of the functioning of red deer population on the Wolin Island. The inventory carried out in 2014 using the drive census method revealed the prevalence of stags in the population (0.86 hinds/1stag) and the population density of 225 individuals/1,000 hectares of the forest, whereas harvest conducted in this season showed merely 22 individuals/1,000 hectares. In the analysed seasons before the inventory, harvest was also low (about 10% of the probable actual state) and despite harvesting mainly hinds, it did not curb the population growth. In the years 2006 – 2014, the yearly harvest in the largest hunting district fluctuated within the range of 14.5 to 60.5, x̅=27.0 individuals/1,000 hectares (n=9), while in the remaining four smaller population management units, the average yearly harvest amounted to only 0.2 to 9.8 individuals/1,000 hectares (n=9). The realized rate of population growth determined by the method of summer deer observation in 2015 amounted to 42.2% of the hinds number. Applying the simulation of the model population meeting the parameters indicated in the inventory, the researchers calculated and proposed the optimal indicators of harvesting individual age and sex groups. The proposed model of hunting monitoring and management assumes optimization of environmental conditions, structure and size of the actual population within the next 10 years.

scholarly journals Local Government Forestry Expenditure and Forest Land Cover: A Preliminary Lesson from Decentralized Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Firda Hidayati ◽  
Yogi Vidyattama ◽  
Cameron Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Negative Change ◽  
Wood Extraction ◽  
Forest Land Cover

Even though government of Indonesia invests billions of rupiah to tackle deforestation, its effectiveness has been questionable. This study analyses changes in rates of forest cover in Indonesia and their association with forestry expenditures (FE) spent by the provincial governments. Based on 2007 to 2010 data, linear multiple regression results indicate that FE is not enough to tackle the negative change in forest land cover that could represent deforestation. Moreover, it was found that FE have negative association with forest land cover and therefore, can be associated to deforestation. This negative association remains when other factors that affect forest land cover such as wood extraction, agriculture outcome, forestry outcome, population growth and population density and initial environmental conditions have been controlled.AbstrakWalaupun pemerintah Indonesia telah menginvestasikan trilyunan rupiah untuk mengurangi deforestasi, akan tetapi efektifitasnya dipertanyakan. Penelitian ini menganalisa tingkat perubahan luasan tutupan hutan di Indonesia and asosiasinya dengan Pengeluaran Sektor Kehutanan (PSK) yang dibelanjakan oleh pemerintah provinsi. Berdasar data tahun 2007 sampai 2010, hasil regresi multiple linier mengindikasikan bahwa PSK tidak cukup untuk mengurangi akibat negatif dalam perubahan hutan dan lahan yang dapat mngakibatkan deforestasi. Lebih lanjut, ditemukan bahwa PSK berhubungan erat pengurangan luasan hutan, yang dapat dikaitkan dengan deforestasi. Asososiasi yang negatif ini tetap terjadi walaupun faktor lain yang memengaruhi tutupan hutan seperti penebangan kayu, hasil pertanian, hasil kehutanan, pertumbuhan populasi dan kepadatan populasi dan kondisi awal lingkungan telah dikontrol.Kata kunci: Deforestasi, Hutan Tropis; Populasi Penduduk; Tutupan Hutan; Pengeluaran untuk Reboisasi HutanJEL classifications: E62; Q58; H76

scholarly journals UJI ADAPTASI VARIETAS UNGGUL BARU TERHADAP WERENG HIJAU DAN PENYAKIT TUNGRO DI KABUPATEN MERAUKE, PROVINSI PAPUA

Agric ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sudarsono Sudarsono ◽  
Dini Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Average Population Density ◽  
Average Population ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

<p><em><span class="fontstyle0">Tungro is one of the important diseases in rice plants caused by two types of viruses were rod virus (rice tungro bacilliform virus) and spherical virus (rice tungro spherical virus) that was transmitted by the green leafhopper (GLH) Nephotettix virescens. The purpose of this study to determine the adaptation of new improved varieties against GLH and tungro disease in Merauke, Papua Province. Research conducted at Tanah Miring District, Merauke, Papua Province between February and June 2010. The study was a randomized block design with three replications. The treatment consisted of 11 varieties, namely Inpari 1, Inpari 2, Inpari 3, Inpari 4, Inpari 5 Merawu, Inpari 6 Jete, Inpari 7 Lanrang, Inpari 8, Inpari 9 Elo, Inpari 10 Laeya, and Ciherang. Observations included the intensity of tungro and GLH population density at the age of rice plants of 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after planting (WAP). In addition, it was observed also the yield components of rice. The results showed that the GLH population density and the intensity of tungro disease was not significantly different at the 11 varieties tested. GLH attack had been found in 1 WAP with an average population density of 4.18 individual/20 single swing. GLH increases with the age of the rice crop with an average population density in 2 WAP (20 individual), 3 WAP (103.27 individual), and 4 WAP (154.15 individual) per 20 single swing. Tungro disease intensity in 11 varieties began were found in 3 WAP on average by 0.16% and increased at 4 WAP on average by 0.28%. Varieties significant effect on yield components such as plant height, panicle length, number of total grain/panicle, percentage of filled grain, 1000 grain weight and productivity except the number of panicles/clump. </span></em><span class="fontstyle2"><strong><span><br /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /> <!--[endif]--></span></strong></span></p>

scholarly journals Beyond average population density: Measuring sprawl with density-allocation indicators

2022 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 105832
Author(s):  
Ioannis Tikoudis ◽  
Katherine Farrow ◽  
Rose Mba Mebiame ◽  
Walid Oueslati
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Average Population Density ◽  
Average Population

scholarly journals Population status, distribution and potential threats of the Blue Bull Boselaphus tragocamelus (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Bovidae) along the Tinau River of Rupandehi District, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (14) ◽  
pp. 9638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Aryal ◽  
Saroj Panthi ◽  
Manoj Bhatta ◽  
Thakur Prasad Magrati ◽  
Ashok Kumar Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Average Population Density ◽  
Average Population ◽  
Average Group ◽  
The Status ◽  
Average Group Size

The status and conservation of the Blue Bull Boselaphus tragocamelus is becoming one of the prominent discourses of wildlife research.  The study was carried out along the Tinau River at Rupandehi District in western Nepal to ascertain the population status, distribution and potential threats to the Blue Bull.  The study was conducted along six transect lines in the forest.  A total of 40 Blue Bulls were recorded in different transects.  The average group size was five.  The average population density was 0.228 Blue Bulls per ha and the sex ratio was 1 male: 3 females.  The potential threats of the Blue Bull along the Tinau River were habitat destruction, overgrazing, conflict, flooding and accident.  

Population and reproductive characteristics of the hermit crab Pagurus proximus Komai, 2000 (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) in the northern part of the species range

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena S. Kornienko ◽  
Nikolai I. Selin ◽  
Olga M. Korn
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Hermit Crab ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Average Population Density ◽  
Average Population ◽  
Shield Length

The population and reproductive characteristics of the hermit crab Pagurus proximus Komai, 2000 have been examined in the northern part of the species range (Vostok Bay, Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan). The average population density was 4–5 ind m−2 in winter and spring, 10 ind m−2 in summer and autumn; the biomass was 7–9 and 18–19 g m−2, respectively. Hermit crabs were found at a depth of 0 to 12 m but were most numerous at about 3 m depth with an average population density of up to 26 ± 7 ind m−2. The shield length of males varied from 1.3 to 7.8 mm and females from 1.2 to 6.7 mm. The male to female ratio was close to 1 but varied with size and season. Females attained sexual maturity at a shield length of more than 1.3 mm. Ovigerous females were found from December to August. The proportion of ovigerous females increased from 7% in December to 93% in late April; however, the embryos in clutches remained at early developmental stage until May. The mass release of larvae was observed at the beginning of June. A subsequent spawning probably took place in July. The main factors contributing to the high abundance of P. proximus in the investigated area are the presence of the embryonic diapause synchronizing the release of larvae at the most favourable time for their development, high fecundity, the presence of at least two egg clutches during the reproductive season, and total absence of parasites.

OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF FUNGI IN A SUBTROPICAL MARINE ENVIRONMENT

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Roth Jr. ◽  
P. A. Orpurt ◽  
D. G. Ahearn
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Average Population Density ◽  
Average Population

Fungi amenable to culture were obtained from coastal and oceanic waters collected in the northwestern subtropical Atlantic Ocean. Eulittoral samples uniformly demonstrated relatively high mold populations of diverse speciation. Samples obtained more distant from land and in deep waters showed a greater than 10-fold decrease in average population density and about a 50% reduction in the number of species. A similar phenomenon was noted with progression into abyssal regions. The deepest sample from which Deuteromycetes were isolated was obtained at a depth of 4450 meters. An analysis of the data suggests that two species, Aureobasidium pullulans and Dendryphiella arenaria, are normal inhabitants of the marine environment.

Average Population Density Estimation in Rail Transit Stations Based on Video Statistical Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 3617-3620
Author(s):  
Bao Guo Zheng ◽  
Bing Xu ◽  
Zhong Jin Shi ◽  
Yi Huan Hui
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Density Estimation ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Intelligent Control System ◽  
Average Population Density ◽  
Average Population ◽  
Fuzzy Neural

This article describes the use of the average population density estimation methods based on video statistical analysis, and mainly discussed the research and application of the air conditioning energy-efficient system in the subway. The distributed intelligent control system in the subway station platform captured video images by more than one camera sensors, according to the computer image processing methods, for example it have the unique advantages for the fuzzy neural network to model the human nervous system in fuzzy information processing. This article used the improved Meanshift algorithm based on pixel energy to capture the moving target in the video. This method can legitimately divide the crowd by achieving the image intelligent analysis data, and whats more, it can help to get the estimation of population density.

Building a Target Reliability Adaptive to China Onshore Natural Gas Pipeline

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyuan Zhang ◽  
Zhenyong Zhang ◽  
Zhifeng Yu ◽  
Wen Wu ◽  
Yingshuai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Ultimate Limit State ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Average Population Density ◽  
Average Population

To introduce and apply Reliability-Based Design and Assessment (RBDA) method to China’s onshore natural gas pipelines, China Petroleum Pipeline Engineering Corporation (CPPE) undertook a research project based on achievements from a series of researches sponsored by PRCI. RBDA method aims to maintain a consistent risk level throughout the lifecycle of pipelines by rational designs, professional operations and scientific maintenance. The basis of RBDA method is a set of risk-based reliability targets for pipelines, especially the target value of Ultimate Limit State (ULS). CPPE has developed a database for 37,000km natural gas pipelines in China and defined 148 operating conditions corresponding to various pressures, pipeline diameters, steel grades and pipeline lengths in different location classes. Failure calculation models are modified according to the corrosion and equipment impact under each specified operating condition. While calculating the failure consequences, 20,000 kilometers pipes from different locations classes were selected and statistics of average population density was made. Statistics of failure consequences were made again. Finally, the overall risk level of built natural gas pipelines was calculated. This paper introduces 148 operating conditions, failure probabilities, calculation method regarding failure consequences and average population density of all locations of different classes. Based on target reliability of pipelines set on country level, design and construction plan for newly-built pipelines are optimized by using RBDA method for rationally guiding subsequent operation and maintenance to reach the most optimal and cost-efficient plan in whole lifecycle of pipelines.

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