Pneumopericardium in the Neonate

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 368-373
Author(s):  
Tiffany L. Walker ◽  
Dorothy A. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Care ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Surfactant Replacement ◽  
Antenatal Steroids ◽  
History Of

AbstractPneumopericardium occurs when air accumulates in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart and is one of the rarest forms of air leaks in neonates. Because of various advances in neonatal care, including gentler modes of ventilation, surfactant replacement, and antenatal steroids, the incidence of pneumopericardium has decreased. Despite the decrease in incidence of pneumopericardium, most cases arise in premature infants with a history of respiratory distress and mechanical ventilation. Evidence has shown that the incidence is inversely related to birth weight and that pneumopericardium has high mortality and morbidity rates.

scholarly journals Results of INSSURE Method in the Treatment of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Infants at Bac Ninh Obstetric Pediatric Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Thuy ◽  
Ngo Thi Xuan ◽  
Pham Trung Kien ◽  
Hoang Ngoc Canh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Lower Temperature

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the results of the INtubate-SURfactant-Extubate (INSURE) method in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants at Bac Ninh obstetric pediatric hospital from March to September 2017. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted on 50 preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. The infants were treated with INSURE method . RESULTS: Of the 50 infants, 29 (58.0%) were male. All of infants,  49 (98.0%) gestational age under 32 weeks, of which 56.0% was less than 30 weeks. The infants birth weight less than 1500 grams accounted for 78.0%, of which 28.0% under 1000 grams. Only 40.0% of mothers were injected with corticosteroid before giving birth. The most common symptoms are cyanosis , apnea neoatorum  > 10 seconds; lower temperature. X.ray III is 92.0%. All infants were pumped pulsed surfactant before 6 hours, intubated endotracheal tube and was removed within 50 minutes. There were 13 children (26.0%) had to have mechanical ventilation, the highest rate of reintroduction in infants birth weight less than 1000 grams. The rate of SpO2 increased, the FiO2 and Siverman index decreased and remained stable significantly after 6 hours of treatment. The complication rate was 4.0%. Treatment outcomes were only associated with birth weight (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: INtubate-SURfactant-Extubate is effective methods in treatment of infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

Predictors of mortality in premature babies with respiratory distress syndrome treated by early rescue surfactant therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
V. Gahlawat ◽  
H. Chellani ◽  
I. Saini ◽  
S. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Surfactant Therapy ◽  
Mask Ventilation ◽  
Predictors Of Mortality ◽  
Antenatal Steroid ◽  
Bag And Mask Ventilation

OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictors of mortality following early rescue surfactant therapy in preterm babies with respiratory distress syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study enrolling babies between 28 weeks to 34 weeks with respiratory distress syndrome requiring early rescue surfactant therapy. For statistical analysis babies were further divided into two subgroups: survivors and non-survivors. Maternal and neonatal variables were compared between the two groups to find out the predictors of mortality. RESULTS: Out of total 110 babies, 72 (65.45%) survived. The mean birth weight and mean gestational age of the study population was 1614.36 (±487.86) g and 31.40 (±2.0)1 weeks, respectively. Birth weight <  1500 g, gestational age <  32 weeks, primiparity, vaginal delivery, prolonged rupture of membranes, lack of antenatal steroid cover, bag and mask ventilation at birth, sepsis, apneic episodes and mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with death on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, very low birth weight, vaginal delivery, lack of antenatal steroid cover, bag and mask ventilation at birth and mechanical ventilation were found to be independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Some of the identified predictors of mortality are modifiable and can be used to draw up a screening tool to predict the clinical severity and mortality among these babies.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DURATION OF RUPTURE OF THE MEMBRANES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF IDIOPATHIC RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ja Yoon ◽  
Rita G. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Fetal Asphyxia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Idiopathic Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

Retrospective analysis of 211 premature infants between 1,001 and 2,165 gm at birth revealed a decreased incidence of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome in infants with rupture of the membranes more than 24 hours prior to delivery. Infants with factors which are known to predispose to idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (maternal hemorrhage, maternal diabetes, fetal asphyxia, twin B, history of a sibling with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome and cesarean section) were then eliminated. One hundred and twenty infants remained. Infants with rupture of the membranes more than 24 hours prior to delivery had a significantly lower incidence of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome when compared with infants with rupture of the membranes less than 12 hours prior to delivery (P&lt;0.05). From this study it appears that rupture of the membranes for more than 24 hours prior to delivery protects against the development of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome.

Reduction of Neonatal Mortality after Multiple Doses of Bovine Surfactant in Low Birth Weight Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Liechty ◽  
Edward Donovan ◽  
Dilip Purohit ◽  
Joseph Gilhooly ◽  
Bernard Feldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Multiple Doses ◽  
To Receive

To determine if outcomes of low birth weight neonates with respiratory distress syndrome can be improved by the administration of multiple doses of bovine surfactant, we conducted two identical multicenter, controlled trials, and the results were combined for analysis. Seven hundred and ninety-eight neonates weighing 600 to 1750 g at birth who had developed respiratory distress syndrome within 6 hours of birth were assigned randomly to receive either 100 mg of phospholipid/kg of Survanta, a modified bovine surfactant (n = 402), or a sham dosing procedure (n = 396). Neonates whose respiratory distress persisted could be given up to three more doses, with all doses to be given in the first 48 hours after birth. Dosing was performed by investigators not involved in the clinical care of the neonates; nursery staff were kept blinded as to the treatment assignment. Fewer Survanta-treated neonates died of any cause (18.4% vs 27.3%, P = .002), died of respiratory distress syndrome (9.0% vs 20.3%, P &lt; .001), and either died or developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia due to respiratory distress syndrome (51.2% vs 64.6%, P &lt; .001). Neonates who received Survanta also had greater improvement in their oxygenation and ventilatory status from baseline to 72 hours than did control neonates. Survanta-treated neonates were at lowered risk for developing pulmonary interstitial emphysema (18.6% vs 39.3%, P &lt; .001) and other pulmonary air leaks (11.5% vs 25.9%, P &lt; .001). We conclude that multiple doses of Survanta given after diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome reduce mortality and morbidity.

Timing of ductal closure in very low birth weight premature infants without respiratory distress

1991 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 976-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Reller ◽  
Mary R. Laird ◽  
Mary J. Rice ◽  
Robert W. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Ductal Closure

scholarly journals Prophylactic Administration of Surfactant in Extremely Premature Infants

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz Koch ◽  
David Frommhold ◽  
Bernd Beedgen ◽  
Peter Ruef ◽  
Johannes Poeschl
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Prophylactic Therapy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Selective Treatment ◽  
Surfactant Administration

Objective. To investigate whether prophylactic surfactant administration is superior over selective treatment in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).Methods. In our retrospective analysis, we compared premature infants (23 + 0 to 26 + 6 weeks) receiving 200 mg/kg surfactant (curosurf) within five minutes after birth (prophylactic group, ) with those infants who received surfactant therapy for established RDS (selective group, ).Results. Prophylactic therapy significantly decreased the need for mechanical ventilation (74 hours per patient versus 171 hours per patient, resp.). We observed a reduced incidence of interstitial emphysema (0% versus 9%, resp.), pneumothoraces (3% versus 9%, resp.), chronic lung disease (26% versus 38%, resp.), and surfactant doses per patient (1.3 versus 1.8, resp.), although those variables did not reach significance.Conclusion. We conclude that infants under 27 weeks' gestation profit from prophylactic surfactant administration by reducing the time of mechanical ventilation. This in turn could contribute to reduce the risk for mechanical ventilation associated complications, without any detrimental short-term side effects.

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