Examining the Offender–Victim Overlap Among Police Officers:The Role of Social Learning and Job-Related Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egbert Zavala
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parental Violence ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Job Related Stress

This study uses data from the Police Stress and Domestic Violence in Police Families in Baltimore, Maryland 1997–1999 to examine the offender–victim overlap among police officers in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV). Specifically, the study examines the role of parental violence, child maltreatment, and job-related stress on perpetrating violence and victimization. Results from two logistic regression models indicate that one element of job-related stress (negative emotions) was positive and significant in predicting IPV perpetration, whereas parental violence, child maltreatment, and negative emotions were found to be positive and significant in predicting victimization. The study’s limitations and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Stress, Emotion Regulation, and Well-Being among Canadian Faculty Members in Research-Intensive Universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Raheleh Salimzadeh ◽  
Nathan C. Hall ◽  
Alenoush Saroyan
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Job Related Stress

Existing research reveals the academic profession to be stressful and emotion-laden. Recent evidence further shows job-related stress and emotion regulation to impact faculty well-being and productivity. The present study recruited 414 Canadian faculty members from 13 English-speaking research-intensive universities. We examined the associations between perceived stressors, emotion regulation strategies, including reappraisal, suppression, adaptive upregulation of positive emotions, maladaptive downregulation of positive emotions, as well as adaptive and maladaptive downregulation of negative emotions, and well-being outcomes (emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, quitting intentions, psychological maladjustment, and illness symptoms). Additionally, the study explored the moderating role of stress, gender, and years of experience in the link between emotion regulation and well-being as well as the interactions between adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in predicting well-being. The results revealed that cognitive reappraisal was a health-beneficial strategy, whereas suppression and maladaptive strategies for downregulating positive and negative emotions were detrimental. Strategies previously defined as adaptive for downregulating negative emotions and upregulating positive emotions did not significantly predict well-being. In contrast, strategies for downregulating negative emotions previously defined as dysfunctional showed the strongest maladaptive associations with ill health. Practical implications and directions for future research are also discussed.

When the Cop Is the Victim: A Test of Target Congruence Theory on Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Experienced by Police Officers

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 3622-3642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egbert Zavala
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Police Stress ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence Victimization ◽  
Congruence Theory

This study analyzed data from the Police Stress and Domestic Violence in Police Families in Baltimore, Maryland, 1997-1999 ( N = 753) to examine propositions derived from target congruence theory in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization experienced by police officers. Specifically, this study tested the influence of target vulnerability, target gratifiability, and target antagonism on IPV victimization. Results from logistic regression models showed that all three theoretical constructs positively and significantly predicted IPV victimization. Results, as well as the study’s limitations and directions for future research, are discussed.

scholarly journals Intimate Partner Violence and the Role of Child Maltreatment and Neighborhood Violence: A Retrospective Study of African American and US Caribbean Black Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2245
Author(s):  
Krim K. Lacey ◽  
Hira R. Shahid ◽  
Rohan D. Jeremiah
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
African American ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Moderating Effects

Background: Research suggests that intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with childhood maltreatment and violence exposure within the neighborhood context. This study examined the role of child maltreatment and violence exposure on intimate partner violence, with the moderating effects of mental disorders (IPV) among US Black women. Methods: Data from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), the largest and most complete sample on the mental health of US Blacks, and the first representative sample of Caribbean Blacks residing in the United States was used to address the study objectives. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test of independence, t-test, and logistic regression procedures were used to analyze the data. Results: Bivariate results indicate an association between child abuse and intimate partner victimization among US Black women. Witnessing violence as a child as well as neighborhood violence exposure was also related to IPV but shown to differ between African American and Caribbean Black women. Multivariate findings confirmed the influence of mental disorders and social conditions on US Black women’s risk for IPV. Moderating effects of child maltreatment and mental disorders in association with adult IPV were not found. Conclusions: The study addressed the short and long-term impact of child maltreatment and the contribution to the cycle of intimate violence among US Black women including African American and Caribbean Blacks. The study suggests the need for prevention and intervention efforts to improve structural conditions for at-risk populations and communities predisposed to violence and other negative outcomes. Possibilities for future research are also discussed.

Situational Characteristics Uniquely Associated With Children’s Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051988100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie J. Sharman ◽  
Kerri Coomber ◽  
Richelle Mayshak ◽  
Ashlee Curtis ◽  
Shannon Hyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Child Witnesses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parental Violence ◽  
Police Report ◽  
Children’S Exposure

Exposure to parental violence can have devastating consequences for children, including significant personal, social, and academic problems. The present study determined the situational factors that are associated with children’s exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) incidents. To examine whether these factors were unique to child witnesses’ presence at IPV incidents, we also determined the factors that are associated with children’s exposure to family violence (FV) and other family member witnesses’ exposure to IPV incidents. Participants responded to an online panel survey investigating the role of alcohol and other drugs in family and domestic violence incidents in Australia. Nine hundred fifty-two respondents reported an IPV incident and 299 reported an FV incident; they provided details about their most recent incident. Results showed that child witnesses were more likely to be present during IPV incidents if the incident took place at home (odds ratio [OR] = 3.10), if a similar incident had occurred previously (OR = 1.66), if drugs were involved (OR = 1.60), and if a police report was made (OR = 2.61). There was some overlap with the other witness and violence combinations: The presence of a police report also predicted child witnesses’ presence at FV incidents, and a home location also predicted other family member witnesses’ presence at IPV incidents. These results enhance our understanding of the situations in which children might witness IPV incidents; future research is needed to determine whether these situational factors can be used to judge risk.

scholarly journals Motivations for Intimate Partner Violence in Men and Women Arrested for Domestic Violence and Court Referred to Batterer Intervention Programs

Partner Abuse ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
JoAnna Elmquist ◽  
John Hamel ◽  
Ryan C. Shorey ◽  
Lindsay Labrecque ◽  
Andrew Ninnemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Batterer Intervention ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Batterer Intervention Programs

Research has attempted to elucidate men and women’s proximal motivations for perpetrating intimate partner violence (IPV). However, previous research has yet to clarify and resolve contention regarding whether motives for IPV are gender-neutral or gender-specific. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare motives for physical IPV perpetration among a sample of men (n = 90) and women (n = 87) arrested for domestic violence and court referred to batterer intervention programs. Results demonstrated that the most frequently endorsed motives for IPV by both men and women were self-defense, expression of negative emotions, and communication difficulties. With the exception of expression of negative emotions and retaliation, with women endorsing these motives more often than men, there were no significant differences between men and women’s self-reported reasons for perpetrating physical aggression. The implications of these findings for future research and intervention programs are discussed.

The Combined and Independent Impact of Witnessed Intimate Partner Violence and Child Maltreatment

Partner Abuse ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Watson MacDonell
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Long Term Impact

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive issue, generating startling facts regarding its detrimental societal effects. There is also considerable overlap between witnessing IPV and experiencing childhood maltreatment. The current article reviews the state of the knowledge about the short- and long-term impact of witnessing IPV as well as a review of the literature exploring the unique impact of experiencing both IPV and maltreatment compared to witnessing only. Seventy-three articles were included in the present review. Negative outcomes in youth have been reported in both the internalizing and externalizing domains of functioning, in health and cognitive domains, as well as in youth’s relationships with family, peers, and romantic partners. The current literature suggests that these negative impacts persist into adulthood. Mixed results, whether there are significant additive effects of witnessing IPV and child maltreatment compared to witnessing IPV only, were found in youth and again into adulthood. Policy implications and recommendations for future research are suggested.

scholarly journals Examining the Influence of Academic and Non-academic Responsibilities on Academicians’ Job-related Stress in Higher Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Yunita Awang ◽  
Norazamina Mohamed ◽  
Suraya Ahmad ◽  
Noor Emilina Mohd Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Public University ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
University Management ◽  
Administrative Positions ◽  
Academic Tasks ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Job Related Stress

Abstract:  Academicians are commonly associated with academic tasks of teaching and research. However, recent scenario reveals that academicians’ workloads are not restricted to merely academic tasks. Academicians also hold administrative positions, involved with students’ development activities, community services and professional development. Shouldering with numerous responsibilities, academicians may be stressful to prioritize the assigned tasks and meeting deadlines. This necessitates serious attention to ensure that academicians can focus on the assigned responsibilities and perform their best. Thus, this study attempts to establish a relationship between academic and non-academic responsibilities with job-related stress among academicians. Through survey method, 120 usable responses received out of 391 questionnaires distributed to academicians in a public university. Using SPSS, a preliminary analysis indicates that the respondents were moderately stressful with their job. However, multiple regressions test demonstrates that job-related stress is not influenced by academic responsibilities but marginally contributed by non-academic responsibilities. The findings give insights to the university management on academicians’ reaction to their present job tasks and useful as guidance in any efforts or policy towards academicians’ workload setting. However, this study is confined to only one public university in the East coast region of Malaysia. Thus, future research may be expanded to the public universities in the West region of Malaysia with different working environment and lifestyle.   Keywords Academicians, Academic Responsibilities, Non-academic responsibilities, Job-related Stress, Teaching workloads 

scholarly journals Emotional Violence is Associated with Increased HIV Risk Behavior Among South African Adolescent Girls and Young Women in the HPTN 068 Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Leddy ◽  
Amanda Selin ◽  
Sheri A. Lippman ◽  
Linda J. Kimaru ◽  
Rhian Twine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Transactional Sex ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Condomless Sex

AbstractLimited research has explored how emotional intimate partner violence (IPV) shapes HIV risk behaviors. Using cross-sectional data from the HPTN 068 post-trial visit (N = 1942), we assessed the association between emotional IPV and its sub-domains (verbal abuse and threats) with condomless sex, transactional sex, and frequent alcohol use among young women in South Africa. In adjusted multivariable logistic regression models, any emotional IPV and verbal IPV were associated with increased odds of condomless sex (aOR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.87; and aOR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.89), transactional sex (aOR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.74, 3.08; and aOR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.51, 2.71) and alcohol use (aOR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.39, 2.53; and aOR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.37, 2.55). Threats were associated with transactional sex (aOR: 3.67; 95% CI: 2.62, 5.14). Future research should examine this relationship over-time and HIV prevention programs should consider and address emotional IPV.

Complexities of the Police Response to Intimate Partner Violence: Police Officers’ Perspectives on the Challenges of Keeping Families Safe

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052093442
Author(s):  
Michael D. Saxton ◽  
Peter G. Jaffe ◽  
Myrna Dawson ◽  
Anna-Lee Straatman ◽  
Laura Olszowy
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Managing Risk ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

Through interviews with police officers ( n = 15), the present study examined police perspectives toward their response to intimate partner violence (IPV). Qualitative analyses indicated several challenges police officers face in responding to IPV, including barriers at the systemic, organizational, and individual levels. Police officers in the current study also identified recommendations toward overcoming barriers. Overall, results continue to underscore a lack of police consistency toward addressing IPV, including inconsistent approaches to assessing and managing risk posed to families. Conversely, qualitative results point to several recommendations that heavily involve collaboration between community and justice partners. Implications for future research and practice include further examination of the identified recommendations, a continued focus on developing training that addresses the risk posed to high-risk families, and further development of collaborative approaches toward the prevention and intervention of IPV.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document