Beliefs About Consent and Sexual Assault Perpetration in a Longitudinal Study of College Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi M. Zinzow ◽  
Martie Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Communication ◽  
College Men ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Peer Norms ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Sexual Assault Perpetration

This study examined the mediating role of beliefs about both active and passive consent in the prospective associations between sexual assault (SA) risk factors and coercive, incapacitated, and forcible attempted/completed SA among college men. Participants were 471 college men who completed self-report surveys at the end of each of their 4 years of college. SA risk factors (risky behavior, rape-supportive beliefs and peer norms, personality traits, childhood adversity) were assessed at Wave 1, beliefs about consent were assessed at Wave 2, and perpetration was assessed at Waves 3 and 4. Multivariate regression models with bias-corrected bootstrapping assessed longitudinal mediation. SA risk factors were negatively associated with endorsement of active consent (verbal approval required) and positively associated with passive consent (assume “yes” until you hear a “no”), with strongest effects observed for coercive SA. Both types of beliefs about consent served as mediators between risk factors and perpetration. Findings suggest that prevention programs should include a focus on reducing SA risk factors, clarifying definitions of consent, and improving sexual communication.

Trauma-Related Shame, Sexual Assault Severity, Thwarted Belongingness, and Perceived Burdensomeness Among Female Undergraduate Survivors of Sexual Assault

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. DeCou ◽  
Stephanie P. Kaplan ◽  
Julie Spencer ◽  
Shannon M. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract. Background and Aim: This study evaluated trauma-related shame as a mediator of the association between sexual assault severity and perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Method: A total of 164 female undergraduates who reported attempted or completed sexual assault completed self-report measures of sexual assault, trauma-related shame, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness. Results: Using path analysis, trauma-related shame mediated the association between sexual assault severity and perceived burdensomeness, and between sexual assault severity and thwarted belongingness. Limitations: The findings of this study are limited by the retrospective, self-report, and cross-sectional nature of these data, and do not allow for causal inference. Conclusion: Trauma-related shame warrants additional investigation as a mechanism that explains the association between sexual assault and psychosocial risk factors for suicidal ideation and behavior.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Course and Risk Factors for Fatigue in Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Sleep Disturbances

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1070-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
See Wan Tham ◽  
Amy Lewandowski Holley ◽  
Chuan Zhou ◽  
Gregory N. Clarke ◽  
Tonya M. Palermo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Longitudinal Course ◽  
Mediating Role

scholarly journals Impact of Anger on Suicidal Ideation: Mediating Role of Perceived Emotional Distress in Late Adolescents and Emerging Adults with Psychological Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-312
Author(s):  
Soulat Khan ◽  
Tahira Mubashar ◽  
Tanvir Akhtar ◽  
Tayyab Ali Butt
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Mediating Role

The present study addresses impact of anger on suicidal ideation with the mediating role of perceived emotional distress in 40 late adolescents and emerging adults (Girls = 24, Boys = 16) with psychological problems. Participants’ aged between 18 to 25 years (M = 21.65, SD = 1.84). The sample was recruited from counseling centers of two public sector universities. Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory (Osman, Gotierrez, Kropper, Barrios, Chiros, 1998), Perceived Emotional Distress inventory (Moscoso, 2011) and Anger Self-Report (Burney, 2001) were used to assess study variables. Findings indicated that anger and emotional distress had significant positive relationship with suicidal ideation and significant negative relationship with protective thoughts and ideation. Mediation Analysis through Process Macro revealed that perceived emotional distress significantly mediates the relationship between anger and suicidal ideations. No gender differences were found between study variables. The study outcomes highlighted that future strategies for prevention of suicidal ideation must focus on managing emotional distress and anger.

scholarly journals Protege Locus of Control and Psychosocial Mentoring: Mediating Role of Mentoring Initiation and Moderating Role of Trust

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Muhammad Baig ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mentoring Relationships ◽  
External Work ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Work Locus Of Control ◽  
Psychosocial Mentoring ◽  
Moderating Role

This study examined proteges work-locus of control, mediating role of mentoring initiation and moderating role of trust in mentor for successful psychosocial mentoring relationships at work. Data were collected using a self report questionnaire from a sample of 79 employees of a large commercial bank in Pakistan. Results of multiple regression analysis indicated that proteges external work-locus of control was negatively associated with psychosocial mentoring. However proteges mentoring initiation and trust on mentor did not play mediating and moderating role respectively in this relationship. The study discusses implications for theory and practice.

Distress after a Single Violent Crime: How Shame-Proneness and Event-Related Shame Work Together as Risk Factors for Post-Victimization Symptoms

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olof Semb ◽  
Lotta M.J. Strömsten ◽  
Elisabet Sundbom ◽  
Per Fransson ◽  
Mikael Henningsson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Shame Proneness ◽  
Shame And Guilt ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Guilt Proneness

To increase understanding of post-victimization symptom development, the present study investigated the role of shame- and guilt-proneness and event-related shame and guilt as potential risk factors. 35 individuals ( M age = 31.7 yr.; 48.5% women), recently victimized by a single event of severe violent crime, were assessed regarding shame- and guilt-proneness, event-related shame and guilt, and post-victimization symptoms. The mediating role of event-related shame was investigated with structural equation modeling (SEM), using bootstrapping. The guilt measures were unrelated to each other and to post-victimization symptoms. The shame measures were highly intercorrelated and were both positively correlated to more severe post-victimization symptom levels. Event-related shame as mediator between shame-proneness and post-victimization symptoms was demonstrated by prevalent significant indirect effects. Both shame measures are potent risk factors for distress after victimization, whereby part of the effect of shame-proneness on post-victimization symptoms is explained by event-related shame.

Sexual Violence

2019 ◽  
pp. 302-312
Author(s):  
Ruchi Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Thin Line ◽  
Forms Of Violence

It takes seconds of impulsiveness for an act of sexual abuse to cross the thin line to convert into an act of sexual violence and vice-versa. There are cases where the act of sexual violence is initiated with consent, and there are acts of sexual violence that fall under the umbrella term sexual assault. This chapter examines the role of violence in sexual abuse, i.e. sexual violence. The first section reviews the definitions of sexual violence and throwing some light on forms of violence in sexual abuse and violation of consent during an act of sexual violence. The second section reviews the risk factors and causal for sexual violence. The third section presents an overview of different perspectives on violence in context to sexual abuse are mentioned and examined.

Burnout Among Primary Government School Teachers: The Mediating Role of Work– Family Conflict

2020 ◽  
pp. 097168582095398
Author(s):  
Arjun Chakravorty ◽  
Pankaj Singh
Keyword(s):  
Family Conflict ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Government School ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Work Family ◽  
The Impact

Although the impact of job demands and work–family conflict (WFC) on burnout has been extensively discussed and analysed in the past literature, the role of WFC as a generative mechanism has been neglected. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effects of WFC between job demands and burnout. The studied sample consisted of 713 Indian primary school government teachers who completed a self-report questionnaire assessing job demands, WFC and burnout. The results confirmed that WFC partially mediates the adverse association of job demands with burnout. Primary schools should, therefore, be encouraged to provide effective practices to manage work–family interfaces.

scholarly journals Predictive Influence of Executive Functions, Effortful Control, Empathy, and Social Behavior on the Academic Performance in Early Adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P. Zorza ◽  
Julián Marino ◽  
Alberto Acosta Mesas
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Social Preference ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mediating Role

In this study, we explored the predictive role of behavioral measures of Executive Functions (EFs) and a self-report measure of Effortful Control (EC) on the academic performance of early adolescents. We also analyzed the mediating role of self-reported empathy and social behavior rated by peers (i.e., prosocial behavior and social preference) and by the lead teacher (i.e., social competence). A sample of 244 adolescents aged between 12 and 13 years participated in the study. The resulting structural equation model indicated that EFs and EC predict academic performance in a complementary and independent way. Results also confirmed the mediating role of empathy and social behavior. The final model explained 64% of academic performance. We discuss the appropriateness of obtaining complementary measures of EFs and EC in predictions of academic performance as well as the importance of introducing activities involving self-regulation, empathy, and socioemotional skills in the school setting.

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