Determinants of Bank Profitability

Banks are the most vital financial intermediaries in economy, which has a profitable banking industry; in order to survive undesirable shock as well as subsidize the constancy under the whole economy. However, the main purpose of this research is in the direction of analyzing factors affecting banks’ effectiveness all over Pakistan by means of sets of targeted facts and figures of twenty panels from 2005 to 2015. This study is developed with the help of AOLS technique which is used to examine the effect of different factors such as resources, debts, justice, securities, economic growth, price increases, price decreases, and market capitalization on major profitability signs such as (ROA), (ROE), (ROCE) and (NIM). The experimental consequences analyzed solid facts which stated the following conclusion, i.e., internal factors and external factors create an adverse impact on the level of profitability. An outcome by this research is important to different researchers. This research study proposed that by the concentration & reengineering the internal drivers the banks can improve its profitability and performance.

Customer Loyalty a Key to Success: A Case Study in Telecom Sector of Pakistan

This paper identified the role of the independent variable like service quality, taking perceived value, word of mouth and customer satisfaction (mediation/ intervening variables) in creating customer loyalty (dependent variable) among the telecom user (mobile phone users). The empirical portion have extensive literature regarding the mentioned variables and shown their impact towards the customer loyalty. The telecom industry has been facing cut throat competition due to the market saturation, decrease in ARPU (average revenue per user), and shift to internet based (cheaper sources) communication tools, unexpected mergers, higher cost and decreasing the margin. Thus, telecom companies have been thinking about devising the best possible suitable strategies for creating the customer to maintain their survival and growth. The simple random techniques are used for sample selection and self-administration questionnaire is the tool for collecting data. A sample of 300 universities students from Rawalpindi and Islamabad is base for analysis. Amos 20 is the software and SEM is the tool for extracting result. Dual relationship is tested likewise direct (service quality and customer loyalty) and indirect through mediating variables. Results showed that customer satisfaction is the strongest mediator in developing a high-quality customer loyalty service, and it has more effect than the direct link between quality of service and customer loyalty. It leads industrial professionals to develop a strategy based on customer satisfaction. It is concluded that customer satisfaction increases the level of the industrial professionalism. Hence the customer satisfaction increases the service quality and customer loyalty services. In nutshell, the cooperate image and switching barrier can be possible leads for the future research.

Safety Management Practices and Occupational Health and Safety Performance: An Empirical Review

his paper aims to investigate how the relationship between safety management practices and occupational health and safety performance have been examined in the literature, and which future research areas can be recommended. This systematic literature review applied the matrix method to examine major literature in safety management practices and occupational health and safety performance. A total of 24 papers in English peer-reviewed from 21 journals were selected and analyzed. The synthesis of these empirical studies revealed the following: The relationship between safety management practices and occupational health and safety performance has mostly been investigated quantitatively in many countries and sectors; management commitment to safety, safety rules, and procedures and safety training are still most commonly used safety management practices to improve occupational health and safety performance. In this study, research articles were selected only from English journals; therefore, some research articles in other languages might not be included. The findings of this study can be used to develop a safety management model to reduce the rate of injuries, accidents, and near misses in high hazardous risk organizations. Overall, the findings provide Safety management practices overview that practitioners use to manage safety performance. There are only a few systematic literature reviews available on safety management practices, occupational health, and safety performance. This paper is among the first systematic literature reviews to analyze how safety management practices have been associated with occupational health and safety performance and provide potential research avenues.

Behavior-Based Perceived Leadership Styles as Determinants of Organizational Functionality

This study aimed at exploring how the perception about leadership styles affected the functionality of the Higher Education Institutions. We used a self-administered questionnaire to a sample of 328 administration and faculty members of several public sector universities. The data collected were analyzed through structural equation modeling in AMOS 26. We found significant results between autocratic and democratic leadership styles as determinants of organizational functionality; such that the perceived autocratic leadership style negatively affected organizational functionality and the perceived democratic leadership style positively affected organizational functionality. The effect of laissez-faire was however statically insignificant. We thus conclude that the perception of a democratic leadership style improves organizational functionality; whereas, the perception of autocratic leadership negatively affects organizational functionality. Practically, the study shows as the employees are given the right to participate in the matters of a higher education institution, the organization becomes more functional.

The Impact of HRM Practices on Organizational Financial Performance of Banking Sector of Pakistan

This research comprehensively assessed the relation between framework of human resource management (HRM) practices and organizational financial performance. The results based on a sample of banks of Pakistan demonstrate that these practices have a monetarily and measurably huge effect on financial performance of organization in short and long term. Information was gathered through a questionnaire survey and tested on random sample of 120 bank employees in Pakistan. The effect of HR practices on financial performance of association is to a limited extent dependent upon their interrelationships. The mediating model is applied where the perceived organizational support is the mediating factor among the independent variables HR practices and dependent variable the financial performance of firm. The investigation demonstrates the relationship on the information gathered by the surveys using Statistical techniques, i.e. correlation and regression. The study concluded that all tested variables have a positive relation and impact on financial performance of banks. Towards the end, the research challenges are presented to mainstream researchers and future patterns are also enlisted.

The Role of Financial Constraints in Business Environment; Evidence from Business Group Affiliated and Non-Affiliated Firms in Pakistan

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between Cash Flows, Growth Opportunities, Firm Size, Firm Age, Firm Performance, Investment, Financial constraints and Leverage between the B.G AFs and NAFs of Pakistan. Current study consists of the balanced panel data containing 86 B.G AFs vs. 90 NAFs of the Pakistan. This study covers the yearly data period from 2007 to 2017. The findings showed that the cash flows are positively correlated with the return on assets, investments, financial constraints, while leverage is negatively correlated with the financial constraints. The positive correlation between cash flows and return on asset is higher for the B.G AFs, which means the B.G AFs are more profitable than the NAFs. The correlation of cash flows with the investment and financial constraints is positive but lower for the B.G AFs, showing that AFs investment is less sensitive and less financially constrained than NAFs. The inverse correlation between leverage and financial constraints shows that the B.G AFs have easy access to the financial sources. The positive and higher correlation of growth opportunities with cash flows and return on assets shows that the AFs growth is higher than NAFs.

The Relationship between Workplace Violence and Turnover Intention with a Mediating Role of Work Engagement and Job Satisfaction

The current study aimed at identifying the relationship between turnover intention and workplace violence with a mediating role of work engagement and job satisfaction. A structured questionnaire has been used as a tool. In order to test the relationship, data were collected from 150 employees working in call centers of Pakistan, as the rate of turnover intention is highest in call centers. A cross sectional analysis was used to find out the results. SPSS has been used to find the results. Results indicated that workplace violence has significant relationship with turnover intention, and work engagement and job satisfaction plays a mediating role in this relationship. This paper reveals insight into the relation among the concept of workplace violence, work engagement, job satisfaction and turnover intention and forms a novel study that has not been recently investigated. The examination uncovered that if there is violence at workplace it will reduce work engagement and job satisfaction, which will lead to turnover intention. We support replications and expansion of this examination to build the generalizability.

Business Motives among Students: A Qualitative Appraisal of Drive Theory

The main purpose of conducting this exploratory qualitative research was to determine the nature of drive theory among business students, where drive is a motivation for some behavior based on a biological need. The target population of our study was the universitylevel business students. We used the existing literature on drive theory for the development of interview protocol. After the finalization of the interview protocol, six semi-structured interviews were conducted with the business students enrolled in different programs with different fields of specialization. The data were analyzed using ATLAS.ti version 8. We found that business-related motivation was created by six drivers including aggressiveness, acquisition, achievement, social recognition, personal goals and desire for power.

What leads to Employee Engagement in Pharmaceutical Sector of Pakistan?

Managers and HR professionals are always concerned with the engagement of employees at workplace. Using attitude theory this study aims to examine the connection between employee engagement with job fit, psychological climate, leadership style and affective commitment. A sample of 284 employees out of 365 participants was chosen from two pharmaceutical companies based in Karachi. SPSS was used to analyze the data and different statistical tool were applied. The results of the study showed that the independent variables, i.e. job fit, psychological climate, leadership style and affective commitment have a significant and positive influence on employee engagement. All the hypotheses were failed to reject. This study can help HR professionals in designing the strategy for retention and engagement. The results which are presented in this study can help organizations to identify the potential reasons for engagement which leads to high productivity and profitability

The Dynamic Effects of Innovation, FDI, & Trade Liberalization on Services Sector: An Evidence from Developed and Developing Economies

The current study is a bid to explore the dynamic effects of Innovation, FDI, and trade openness on services sector in selected developed and developing economies for the period of 1992 to 2016. For computing the empirical findings, this study deploys the static as we all dynamic panel data estimation approaches. The results reveal the significant role of GDP per capita and FDI in the growth of services sector. However, the services sector incurs the detrimental repercussions on the account of trade liberalization. These findings also demonstrate that, in both samples of economies, the services sector does not respond to the productivity differential. Furthermore, innovation exhibits a significant association with the growth of services sector in the case of developing economies.